Cheapside Cross (Eleanor Cross)
![Drawing of Cheapside by Hugh Alley. Image courtesy of the Folger Digital Image Collection. Drawing of Cheapside by Hugh Alley. Image courtesy of the Folger Digital Image Collection.](graphics/CHEA2_Folger_67931.jpg)
If monuments could speak, the Cheapside Cross would
have told a tale of kingly love, civic pride, and sectarian violence. By the
time of its demolition in 1643, the Cross was an
ornate structure about twelve metres high. It is visible in a well known long
view of Edward VI passing Cheapside Cross during his 1547 coronation
procession. This painting was destroyed by fire in 1793 (Nichols ccclvii), but a copy had been engraved by
James Basire in 1787 for the Society of
Antiquaries, based on a drawing by S.H. Grimm. The engraving appears
in Robert Wilkinson’s Londina Illustrata of
1809. William Andrews gives this description of the Cheapside Cross from the picture:
There are three octangular compartments, and each is supported by eight slender columns. Its height is calculated at about thirty-six feet; the first storey being about twenty feet, the second, ten, and the third, six. Amongst the statues which ornamented the structure may be mentioned, in the first niche, most likely, a contemporaneous pope, round the base of the second were four apostles, and above them was placed the Virgin, with the infant Jesus in her arms. Four standing figures filled the top niche, and a cross, surmounted with the emblematic dove, completed the ornamentation, which was extremely rich. (142)
For a woodcut image of the Cross as it appeared in
the 1640s, see the title page of The Dolefull
lamentation (sig. A1r). A
similar picture appeared on the title page of several pamphlets published during
the final controversy over the Cross. Steps led to
the first of four levels of statuary niches. The monument was topped by a Greek
cross. The Cross, pictured but not labelled on the
Agas map, stood in Cheapside between Friday Street and Wood
Street. St. Peter Westcheap lay to its
west, on the north side of Cheapside. The
prestigious shops of Goldsmiths’ Row were located
to the east of the Cross, on the south side of
Cheapside. The
Standard in Cheapside (also known as the Cheap
Standard), a square pillar/conduit that was also a ceremonial site,
lay further to the east (Brissenden
xi).
In the Cheap Ward section of A Survey of London, John Stow states that
the Cross was originally built in 1290 at the
behest of Edward I in memory of his
wife,
Queene Elianor[Eleanor of Castile] (1.265). The Queen died at Harby, near Lincoln (Andrews 138). Her body was brought to Westminster Abbey for burial, and the King caused
a stately crosse of stone Gap in transcription. Reason: Editorial omission for reasons of length or relevance. Use only in quotations in born-digital documents.[…] with the Queenes Image and armes vpon itto be erected at each place where her body rested on the way (Stow 1.265–66).
The Cheapside Cross, built at an original cost of
£300, was one of the most elaborate of the twelve Eleanor Crosses (Wheatley 167). It was a site for civic
pageantry and notable events throughout its existence. The Cross was the starting point for jousts and horse
races in the reign of Edward III
(Stow 1.215). Henry V’s victorious return from the battle of
Agincourt in 1415 was celebrated with a royal entry featuring a model castle at
Cheapside Cross,
with a bridge from its gatehouse to the ground, over which a choir of maidens, dressed in virginal white, came out to greet the king, singing,(Keen 115).Welcome Henry the Fifth, King of England and of France
In 1441, London’s Lord Mayor obtained permission of Henry VI to rebuild the Cross,
being by length of time decayed Gap in transcription. Reason: Editorial omission for reasons of length or relevance. Use only in quotations in born-digital documents.[…] in more beautifull manner for the honor of the citie(Stow 1.266). This new Cross was completed in 1486. During the first half of the Tudor period, the Cross was freshly gilded nearly every decade for important visitors and occasions: in 1522 for the visit of Charles I of Spain (by then Holy Roman Emperor Charles V); in 1533, for the coronation of Anne Boleyn; for the coronation of Edward VI; and in 1554, for the coronation of Philip, the Spanish consort of Mary. No pageant took place at the Cross in the latter case. Rather, as John Elder tells us,
Their majesties Gap in transcription. Reason: Editorial omission for reasons of length or relevance. Use only in quotations in born-digital documents.[…] passinge through Chepeside, where they perceiving the crosse thereof, which was with fine gold richely gilded, they staied a litle lookinge thereon Gap in transcription. Reason: Editorial omission for reasons of length or relevance. Use only in quotations in born-digital documents.[…] where also the kinges highnes, perceaving the crucifix in the top thereof, very humblie put of his cap(149).
During the reign of Elizabeth I, the
Cross became a bone of contention between
recusant Catholics, defenders of the established Church of England, and
iconoclastic Protestant dissenters. At first, the controversy simmered under the
surface of official communications. Stow notes the efforts of city worthies to
have the Cross removed because it obstructed
carriage traffic
as they alleged(1.266). Then, on 21 June 1581, during the night, images on the lowest level of the Cross were vandalized. Although a reward was offered, the perpetrators were not found. The Cross remained in this state, with the broken statue of the Virgin Mary tied to the monument with ropes, until 1595, when partial repairs were undertaken. In about 1596, a gray marble tabernacle enclosing an alabaster statue of the goddess Diana was set up under the defaced image of the resurrected Christ. This statue functioned for a time as a conduit.
A more overt attempt to dismantle the Cross took
place in 1599. According to Stow’s revised Survey of 1603, there were fears that the Cross would fall and harm people in the street, as the wood had
rotted within the lead casing and the arms of the cross on top were bending
(1.267). The structure was
scaffolded, and the top taken down. There was discussion of removing it
entirely. However, Elizabeth’s counsellors wrote to Lord Mayor Nicholas Mosley conveying the Queen’s
command that the Cross be repaired forthwith.
Elizabeth I had steered a
moderate course in matters of religion that was unsatisfactory to many Puritan
worthies. It is therefore unsurprising that the Cross stood headless for more than a year afterward.
The citizens of London had appealed to George
Abbott, the Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University, in January 1600 for
an opinion. Abbott’s view was that
images of the Trinity such as those that adorned the Cross in Cheapside were unlawful
according to Scripture (sig. A3r). He
felt the opportunity should be taken to remove the Cross, as it encouraged idolatry and recusance:
the Croſs in Cheapſide hath many in the twilight and morning early which doe reverence before it(sig. B1r). However, according to Stow, Elizabeth’s counsellors
in greater numberremonstrated, and a plain gilt cross was set on top (1.267). Henry Wheatley states that the Cross was altered so much in 1600 that it may be said to have been rebuilt (167). Henry Peacham dates the protective iron fence around the monument to preparations for the coronation of King James I (sig. A3r).
The Cross still had its adherents. An anonymous
ballad sheet published in 1630, Cheapſides
Triumphs, and Chyrones Croſſes Lamentation (STC 5104.5; EBBA 20266), expresses pride in the refurbished monument. The text
praises the City’s
tender care: / to preserue their rich & ſumptuous buildings(19–20), and appeals to the City to save Charing Cross also. Even as the final campaign against the Cross began in 1641, The Dolefull lamentation (Wing D1837), an anti-Puritan tract, assailed the disorder caused by religious controversy, including attacks on the Cross. In this case, the personified Cross, which had once again been vandalized, gave a court deposition:
I the foreſaid Iaſper Croſſe was aſſaulted and battered in the Kings highway, by many violent and inſolent-minded people, or rather ill-affected Brethren(sig. A4r).
Other anonymous writers, however, now proposed that the Cross should be convicted of high treason and beheaded. The Popes proclamation (Wing P2939) listed the Puritans’
chargesagainst the Cross, which consisted mainly of its being the location of
ſpirituall fornication, Idolatry(sig. A4r). The spurious proclamation libellously named several more moderate writers as supporters of the Pope. One of these was the water-poet John Taylor, who wrote several pamphlets and poems in which he zestfully attacked the Roundheads’ resolution to destroy the Cross. His
Verſes upon the defacing of Cheape-ſide Croſſeconcludes:
And no true Chriſtian juſtly can repine,To let a Croſſe ſtand as a Chriſtian ſigne.Knaves may deface it, fooles may worſhip it,All which may be for want of grace or wit,To thoſe that wrongd the Croſſe this is my curſe,They never may have croſſes [silver coins] in their purſe.
(A full and compleat Anſwer sig. A4v)
Henry Peacham, writing under the pseudonym of Ryhen Pameach, has the Cross affectingly relate her history to her sister,
Charing Cross, as the two commiserate on their
present danger. In 1642, as the first skirmishes of the English civil war took
place, the Cross was once again defaced (Wheatley 168), and pamphlets
anticipated, celebrated, or justified its pending downfall.
By 1643, England was in the thick of civil war, and the forces of King Charles I seemed to be winning (Booth; Brenner 450). Robert Brenner suggests that, in response to
the royalist menace,
much of London appears to have been overtaken by a new wave of Puritan religious fervor, manifested especially in a rising tide of iconoclasm(450–51). Meanwhile, Charles I’s supporters continued to venerate the Cheapside Cross publicly by removing their hats and crossing themselves, even in broad daylight (The Down-falle of Dagon sig. A4r). Parliament issued a warrant for the Cross’s demolition, on or about 24 January (Booth). On 27 April 1643, London’s Common Council made a motion to have Cheapside Cross destroyed (Brenner 451). Robert Harley was deputed to carry out the work, with a troop of horse and two companies of foot soldiers (Andrews 144–45). The Cross was taken down on 2 May 1643, to evident public approval.
After the Restoration, the Cheapside Cross was
remembered and mentioned in several histories, pamphlets, and poems. As late as
1663, the spot where the Cross stood was still
used for civic events. John Tatham’s 1663 Lord Mayor’s show, Londinum Triumphans (Wing T221) records a pageant there featuring
a lively Figure repreſenting Albion or England,with the figure of London at her feet, and other cities around her (sig. C1r). More humbly, the Chimney Sweepers’ Sad Complaint (Wing C3897), a 1663 pamphlet, petitioned the City to restore the monument, not only because it was
a graceful Ornament to this Famous Citybut also because the Cross had served the sweeps as an informal hiring hall,
we having liberty to wait there every morning for imployment(sig. A2v). However, unlike Charing Cross, the Cheapside Cross has never been reconstructed.
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STC. Abbreviation for A Short-Title Catalogue of Books Printed in England, Scotland, and Ireland and of English books Printed Abroad, 1475–1640. Compiled. by A.W. Pollard, and G.R. Redgrave. 2nd. ed. rev. and enl. 3 vols. Begun by W.A. Jackson and F.S. Ferguson; completed by Katharine F. Pantzer. London: Bibliographical Society, 1976–1991.This item is cited in the following documents:
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Cite this page
MLA citation
Cheapside Cross (Eleanor Cross).The Map of Early Modern London, edited by , U of Victoria, 15 Sep. 2020, mapoflondon.uvic.ca/ELEA1.htm.
Chicago citation
Cheapside Cross (Eleanor Cross).The Map of Early Modern London. Ed. . Victoria: University of Victoria. Accessed September 15, 2020. https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/ELEA1.htm.
APA citation
The Map of Early Modern London. Victoria: University of Victoria. Retrieved from https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/ELEA1.htm.
2020. Cheapside Cross (Eleanor Cross). In (Ed), RIS file (for RefMan, EndNote etc.)
Provider: University of Victoria Database: The Map of Early Modern London Content: text/plain; charset="utf-8" TY - ELEC A1 - Devine, Marina ED - Jenstad, Janelle T1 - Cheapside Cross (Eleanor Cross) T2 - The Map of Early Modern London PY - 2020 DA - 2020/09/15 CY - Victoria PB - University of Victoria LA - English UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/ELEA1.htm UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/xml/standalone/ELEA1.xml ER -
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RT Web Page SR Electronic(1) A1 Devine, Marina A6 Jenstad, Janelle T1 Cheapside Cross (Eleanor Cross) T2 The Map of Early Modern London WP 2020 FD 2020/09/15 RD 2020/09/15 PP Victoria PB University of Victoria LA English OL English LK https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/ELEA1.htm
TEI citation
<bibl type="mla"><author><name ref="#DEVI2"><surname>Devine</surname>, <forename>Marina</forename></name></author>.
<title level="a">Cheapside Cross (Eleanor Cross)</title>. <title level="m">The Map
of Early Modern London</title>, edited by <editor><name ref="#JENS1"><forename>Janelle</forename>
<surname>Jenstad</surname></name></editor>, <publisher>U of Victoria</publisher>,
<date when="2020-09-15">15 Sep. 2020</date>, <ref target="https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/ELEA1.htm">mapoflondon.uvic.ca/ELEA1.htm</ref>.</bibl>
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Programmer, 2018-present. Junior Programmer, 2015-2017. Research Assistant, 2014-2017. Joey Takeda was a graduate student at the University of British Columbia in the Department of English (Science and Technology research stream). He completed his BA honours in English (with a minor in Women’s Studies) at the University of Victoria in 2016. His primary research interests included diasporic and indigenous Canadian and American literature, critical theory, cultural studies, and the digital humanities.Roles played in the project
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Janelle Jenstad is Associate Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of The Map of Early Modern London, and PI of Linked Early Modern Drama Online. She has taught at Queen’s University, the Summer Academy at the Stratford Festival, the University of Windsor, and the University of Victoria. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Kaethler, she co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media (Routledge). She has prepared a documentary edition of John Stow’s A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in Digital Humanities Quarterly, Renaissance and Reformation,Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, Early Modern Literary Studies, Elizabethan Theatre, Shakespeare Bulletin: A Journal of Performance Criticism, and The Silver Society Journal. Her book chapters have appeared (or will appear) in Institutional Culture in Early Modern Society (Brill, 2004), Shakespeare, Language and the Stage, The Fifth Wall: Approaches to Shakespeare from Criticism, Performance and Theatre Studies (Arden/Thomson Learning, 2005), Approaches to Teaching Othello (Modern Language Association, 2005), Performing Maternity in Early Modern England (Ashgate, 2007), New Directions in the Geohumanities: Art, Text, and History at the Edge of Place (Routledge, 2011), Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter, 2016), Teaching Early Modern English Literature from the Archives (MLA, 2015), Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers (Indiana, 2016), Making Things and Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota, 2017), and Rethinking Shakespeare’s Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies (Routledge, 2018).Roles played in the project
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Jenstad, Janelle.
Building a Gazetteer for Early Modern London, 1550-1650.
Placing Names. Ed. Merrick Lex Berman, Ruth Mostern, and Humphrey Southall. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana UP, 2016. 129-145. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
The Burse and the Merchant’s Purse: Coin, Credit, and the Nation in Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody.
The Elizabethan Theatre XV. Ed. C.E. McGee and A.L. Magnusson. Toronto: P.D. Meany, 2002. 181–202. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Early Modern Literary Studies 8.2 (2002): 5.1–26..The City Cannot Hold You
: Social Conversion in the Goldsmith’s Shop. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
The Silver Society Journal 10 (1998): 40–43.The Gouldesmythes Storehowse
: Early Evidence for Specialisation. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Lying-in Like a Countess: The Lisle Letters, the Cecil Family, and A Chaste Maid in Cheapside.
Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 34 (2004): 373–403. doi:10.1215/10829636–34–2–373. -
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Public Glory, Private Gilt: The Goldsmiths’ Company and the Spectacle of Punishment.
Institutional Culture in Early Modern Society. Ed. Anne Goldgar and Robert Frost. Leiden: Brill, 2004. 191–217. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Smock Secrets: Birth and Women’s Mysteries on the Early Modern Stage.
Performing Maternity in Early Modern England. Ed. Katherine Moncrief and Kathryn McPherson. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007. 87–99. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Using Early Modern Maps in Literary Studies: Views and Caveats from London.
GeoHumanities: Art, History, Text at the Edge of Place. Ed. Michael Dear, James Ketchum, Sarah Luria, and Doug Richardson. London: Routledge, 2011. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Versioning John Stow’s A Survey of London, or, What’s New in 1618 and 1633?.
Janelle Jenstad Blog. https://janellejenstad.com/2013/03/20/versioning-john-stows-a-survey-of-london-or-whats-new-in-1618-and-1633/. -
Shakespeare, William. The Merchant of Venice. Ed. Janelle Jenstad. Internet Shakespeare Editions. Open.
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Stow, John. A SVRVAY OF LONDON. Contayning the Originall, Antiquity, Increase, Moderne estate, and description of that Citie, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow Citizen of London. Also an Apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that Citie, the greatnesse thereof. With an Appendix, containing in Latine, Libellum de situ & nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. Ed. Janelle Jenstad and the MoEML Team. MoEML. Transcribed. Web.
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Marina Devine
MD
Student contributor enrolled in English 520: Representations of London in Early Modern Literature and Culture at the University of Victoria in Summer 2008. Formerly an instructor of literature at Aurora College in Fort Smith, NT. Marina Devine is now the manager of adult and post-secondary education with the Government of the Northwest Territories. She resides in Yellowknife, NT.Roles played in the project
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Author
Contributions by this author
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George Abbot
George Abbot Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry Bishop of London Archbishop of Canterbury
(b. 1562, d. 1633)Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry 1609–1610. Bishop of London 1610–1611. Archbishop of Canterbury 1611-1633.George Abbot is mentioned in the following documents:
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Hugh Alley
Author.Hugh Alley is mentioned in the following documents:
Hugh Alley authored or edited the following items in MoEML’s bibliography:
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Alley, Hugh. Hugh Alley’s Caveat: The Markets of London in 1598: Folger MS V.a. 318. Ed. Ian Archer, Caroline Barron, and Vanessa Harding. Publication Ser. 137. London: London Topographical Society, 1988. Print.
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Anne Boleyn is mentioned in the following documents:
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Charles V
Charles This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 5V Holy Roman Emperor King of Germany King of Italy King of Spain
(b. 1500, d. 1558)Holy Roman Emperor 1519-1556. King of Germany 1519-1556. King of Italy 1530-1556. King of Spain 1516-1556.Charles V is mentioned in the following documents:
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Edward I
Edward This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 1I King of England Longshanks Hammer of the Scots
(b. between 17 June 1239 and 18 June 1239, d. in or before 27 October 1307)Edward I is mentioned in the following documents:
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Edward III
Edward This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 3III King of England
(b. 12 November 1312, d. 21 June 1377)Edward III is mentioned in the following documents:
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Edward VI
Edward This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 6VI King of England King of Ireland
(b. 12 October 1537, d. 6 July 1553)Edward VI is mentioned in the following documents:
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Eleanor of Castile
Eleanor Queen consort of England
(b. 1241, d. 1290)Queen of consort England 1272-1290. Wife of Edward I. Heart buried at Blackfriars Monastery. Buried at Westminster Abbey.Eleanor of Castile is mentioned in the following documents:
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Elizabeth I
Elizabeth This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 1I Queen of England Queen of Ireland Gloriana Good Queen Bess
(b. 7 September 1533, d. 24 March 1603)Queen of England and Ireland 1558-1603.Elizabeth I is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir Robert Harley is mentioned in the following documents:
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Henry VI
Henry This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 6VI King of England
(b. 6 December 1421, d. 21 May 1471)Henry VI is mentioned in the following documents:
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Henry V
Henry This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 5V King of England
(b. 1386, d. 1422)Henry V is mentioned in the following documents:
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James VI and I
James This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 6VI This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 1I King of Scotland King of England King of Ireland
(b. 1566, d. 1625)James VI and I is mentioned in the following documents:
James VI and I authored or edited the following items in MoEML’s bibliography:
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James VI and I. Letters of King James VI and I. Ed. G.P.V. Akrigg. Berkeley: U of California P, 1984. Print.
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Rhodes, Neill, Jennifer Richards, and Joseph Marshall, eds. King James VI and I: Selected Writings. By James VI and I. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004.
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Mary I
Mary This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 1I Queen of England Queen of Ireland
(b. 18 February 1516, d. 17 November 1558)Mary I is mentioned in the following documents:
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Philip II
Philip This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 2II King of Spain King of England King of Ireland
(b. 1527, d. 1598)Philip II is mentioned in the following documents:
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John Taylor is mentioned in the following documents:
John Taylor authored or edited the following items in MoEML’s bibliography:
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Taylor, JohnAll the Workes of John Taylor the Water-Poet. London: J[ohn] B[eale, Elizabeth Allde, Bernard Alsop, Thomas Fawcet], and James Boler. STC 23725. Print.
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Taylor, John.
The Praise and Vertue of a Jayle and Jaylers.
All the Workes of Iohn Taylor The Water Poet. 1630. London: Scolar, 1973. STC 23725. -
Taylor, John. Taylors travels and circular perambulation, through, and by more then thirty times twelve signes of the Zodiack, of the famous cities of London and Westminster With the honour and worthinesse of the vine, the vintage, the wine, and the vintoner; with an alphabeticall description, of all the taverne signes in the cities, suburbs, and liberties aforesaid, and significant epigrams upon the said severall signes. London, 1636. STC 23805. Web. EEBO. Subscr. EEBO
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Sir Nicholas Mosley
Sir Nicholas Mosley Sheriff Mayor
(b. 1527, d. 1612)Sheriff of London 1590-1591. Mayor 1599-1600. Member of the Clothworkers’ Company. Knighted in 1612.Sir Nicholas Mosley is mentioned in the following documents:
Locations
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Cheapside Street
Cheapside, one of the most important streets in early modern London, ran east-west between the Great Conduit at the foot of Old Jewry to the Little Conduit by St. Paul’s churchyard. The terminus of all the northbound streets from the river, the broad expanse of Cheapside separated the northern wards from the southern wards. It was lined with buildings three, four, and even five stories tall, whose shopfronts were open to the light and set out with attractive displays of luxury commodities (Weinreb and Hibbert 148). Cheapside was the centre of London’s wealth, with many mercers’ and goldsmiths’ shops located there. It was also the most sacred stretch of the processional route, being traced both by the linear east-west route of a royal entry and by the circular route of the annual mayoral procession.Cheapside Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Friday Street
Friday Street passed south through Bread Street Ward, beginning at the cross in Cheapside and ending at Old Fish Street. It was one of many streets that ran into Cheapside market whose name is believed to originate from the goods that were sold there.Friday Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Wood Street
Wood Street ran north-south, connecting at its southernmost end with Cheapside and continuing northward to Little Wood Street, which led directly into Cripplegate. It crossed over Huggin Lane, Lad Lane, Maiden Lane, Love Lane, Addle Lane, and Silver Street, and ran parallel to Milk Street in the east and Gutter Lane in the west. Wood Street lay within Cripplegate Ward. It is labelled asWood Streat
on the Agas map and is drawn in the correct position.Wood Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Peter, Westcheap is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Standard (Cheapside) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Cheap Ward
MoEML is aware that the ward boundaries are inaccurate for a number of wards. We are working on redrawing the boundaries. This page offers a diplomatic transcription of the opening section of John Stow’s description of this ward from his Survey of London.Cheap Ward is mentioned in the following documents:
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Westminster Abbey
Westminster Abbey was a historically significant church, located on the bottom-left corner of the Agas map. Colloquially known asPoets’ Corner,
it is the final resting place of Geoffrey Chaucer, Ben Jonson, Francis Beaumont, and many other notable authors; in 1740, a monument for William Shakespeare was erected in Westminster Abbey (ShaLT).Westminster Abbey is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bride Lane is mentioned in the following documents:
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Gatehouse is mentioned in the following documents:
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Charing Cross is mentioned in the following documents:
Organizations
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Goldsmiths’ Company
Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths
The Goldsmiths’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London. The Goldsmiths were fifth in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths is still active and maintains a website at http://www.thegoldsmiths.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company and explains the company’s role in the annual Trial of the Pyx.The coat of arms of the Goldsmiths’ Company, from Stow (1633). [Full size image] This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
Variant spellings
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Documents using the spelling
Cheape-ſide Croſſe
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Documents using the spelling
Cheaps Croſſe
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Documents using the spelling
Cheapside Cross
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Documents using the spelling
Cheapſide Croſſe
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Documents using the spelling
Cross
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Documents using the spelling
Croſs
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Documents using the spelling
Crosse
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Documents using the spelling
crosse
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Documents using the spelling
Crosse in Cheap
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Documents using the spelling
Croſſe in Cheape
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Documents using the spelling
croſſe in Cheape
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Documents using the spelling
Crosse in Cheape
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Documents using the spelling
Croſſe in Cheape-ſide
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Croſſe in Chepe
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Documents using the spelling
Croſſe in weſt Cheap
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Documents using the spelling
Crosse in West Cheap
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Documents using the spelling
Croſſe in weſt cheape
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Documents using the spelling
Crosse in West Cheape
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Documents using the spelling
Eleanor Cross in Cheapside
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Great Cross
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Documents using the spelling
Great Cross in Cheapside
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Documents using the spelling
great croſſe
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Documents using the spelling
great Croſſe
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Great Crosse
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Documents using the spelling
great Crosse
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Documents using the spelling
great Croſſe in Cheap
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Documents using the spelling
great Crosse in Cheape
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Documents using the spelling
great Croſſe in UUeſt cheape
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Documents using the spelling
great Crosse in VVest Cheape
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Documents using the spelling
great Croſſe in Weſt Cheape
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Documents using the spelling
great Crosse in West Cheape street
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Documents using the spelling
olde Croſſe in Cheape
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Documents using the spelling
Open
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Documents using the spelling
Standarde