Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse

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Londini Sinus Salutis,
OR,
Londons Harbour of Health,
and Happineſſe.

Epreſſed in ſundry Triumphs, Pageants
and Showes; at the Initiation of the
Right Honorable,
Christopher Clethrowe,
Into the Maioralty of the farre Renowned
City London.
All the Charges and Expences of this preſent
Ovation; being the ſole undertaking of the Right
Worſhipfull Company of the
Ironmongers.

The 29. of October. Anno Salutis. 1635.

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Written by Thomas Heywood.

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⎯⎯⎯Redeunt Spectacula,⎯⎯⎯

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Printed at London by Robert Raworth. 1635.

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Crest of the Ironmongers’ Company

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Printer’s Ornament

TO THE RIGHT
Honorable, Chriſtopher Clethrowe,
Lord Maior of this Renowned
Metropolis, London.

Right Honourable,

IT is one of Eraſmus his undeniable
Apothegms, that there is no Citie
can bee ſo ſtrongly immur’d or De
fenc’d but may bee either by Engins
defaced, by Enemies inuaded, or by
Treaſon ſurprized; but the Counſells and Decrees
of a wife Magiſtrate, are in-expugnable. Time, and
your Merit, have call’d you to this Office and Honor:
As all eyes are upon you, ſo all hearts are towards
you; never was any more freely voyc’t in his Election,
and therfore none more hopefull in expectation: your
Abilitie, what you can doe, is knowne; your purpoſe,
what you intend, you have amply delivered; onely
the Performance remaines: In which, there is no que
ſtion, but that you will accommodate all your future
Proceedings to theſe three heads: Pro Rege, pro
Lege, pro Grege; for as you are a Magiſtrate, ſo
you are a Iudge: A calling, both of Truſt, and Trou

ble:

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ble: Of Truſt; becauſe all ſuch as ſit in Iudica
ture, are Perſons ordained by GOD, to examine
Cauſes diſcreetely; Heare both Parties Conſiderate
ly, and Cenſure all matters unpartially: For Iuſtice
is the Badge of Vertue, the ſtaffe of Peace, and the
maintainance of Honor. Of Trouble; becauſe in
no part of your Time; during your regency, neither
in publicke, or private, forraine, or domeſtick things,
whether you meditate alone, or conuerſe with others,
you ſhall find the leaſt vacancie, which remembers me
of that which Dion witneſſeth of one Similis, who
living long in great Place and Authoritie under the
Emperour Adrian, after much intreaty, got leave to
retire himſelfe into the Countrey, where after ſeaven
contented yeeres expiring, hee cauſed this Epitaph to
be Inſculpt upon his tombe: Similis hic jacet, cujus
ætas multorum ſuit annorum. Septem tamen
Duntaxat, Annos vixit. Lanctantius further tea
cheth us, that it is moſt requiſite, in all ſuch as have
charge in Common Weale, under their Prince and
Governour, ſo to know the bownds of their Calling,
and underſtand the full effects of their dutie, that by
executing Iuſtice, they may be feared, and by ſherr
ing Mercy, bee loved: I conclude all in this ſhort
ſentence, Non, quid, Ipſe velis, ſed quod lex &
Religio Cogat, Cogita, Ever ſubmitting my ſelfe
to your better Iudgement, and remaining, to your
Lordſhip moſt obſequious.

Tho. Heywood.

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Printer’s Ornament

LONDONS
SINUS SALUTIS.

I Shall not neede to borrow my In
duction from the Antiquitie of this
Famous Metropolis, nor to enter in
to a large diſcourſe, of the noble
Magiſtracy and government there
of; being Arguments already gran
ted, and therefore unneceſſary to be
diſputed: and yet I hold it not al
together Impertinent to remember
ſome few things of remarke, which have happened in the
Prætorſhips of the Right Honourable, the Lord Maiors
of this Renowned Citie, who have beene Free of the Right
Worſhipfull Company of the Iron-mongers.

In the yeere 1409. Richard Marloe, of the ſame
Fraternitie, bearing the Sword, there was a Show preſen
ted by the Pariſh Clerkes of London, at a place called Skin
ners Well, and now Clerken Well, which was of matter
from the Creation of the World; and laſted for the ſpace
of Eight Intyre dayes: Edward the Fourth (then
King) being preſent with his Queene, and the greateſt
part of his Nobilitie, which Richard Marloe, was

after

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after Inagurated Into the ſame Honor, Anno 1417. In the
yeere 1566. Sir Christopher Draper, being Lord
Maior, King Iames, of late and moſt Sacred memo
ry, was borne the Sixth day of Iune, Anno 1569. In Sir
Alexander Avenons Maioralty, was the ſuppreſsion
of the Rebells in the North, Anno 1581. Sir Francis
Harvey being Mayor, was the French Mounſiers com
ming over into England, and his Royall entertainement by
Queene Elizabeth, Anno 1607. Sir Thomas Cambel
being Inveſted into the ſame Honor: All the like Showes
and Triumphs belonging unto the ſolemnitie of this day,
which for ſome yeeres, had beene omitted and neglected,
were by a ſpeciall commandement from his Majeſtie, King
Iames, againe retained, and have beene till this preſent day
continued; whom ſince hath ſucceeded in the ſame Honor,
Sir Iames Cambel, his Sonne, a worthy Senator of this
Citie, yet living. (The laſt of this worthy and Worſhipfull
Company, who hath ſate in that ſeate of Iuſtice) now this
day ſucceeded by the Right Honourable, Christopher
Clethrowe: but I leave all cicumſtances, and come to
the Showes, now in preſent Agitation.

The firſt Showe by Water:

IS an Artificiall Moddell, partly faſhioned like a Rock,
and beautified with ſundry varieties, and rarities, in
all which Art (in Imitating) ſtriveth to exceed Na
ture: The Decorements that adorne the Structure, I
omit, and deſcend to the Perſons that furniſh it, which
are the Three Cæleſtiall Goddeſſes, Iuno, Pallas, Venus: In
Iuno, is figured Power and State; In Pallas or Minerua,
Arms and Arts; In Venus, Beautie and Love: The firſt
beſt knowne by her Peacocks; the ſecond by her Owles; the

third

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third by her Swans & Turtles, who is alſo attended by her
Sonne Cupid, in whom is Emblem’d Love; by whom
ſome have thought, the Vniverſe to have beene Created,
becauſe of this Beautie, Glory, and Flouriſhing forme
thereof, as alſo, that Love (though pictured young) yet
in Age exceeds all things: But Venus, becauſe borne of
the Seas, I hold moſt proper to ſpeake upon the Waters:
Theſe Three Goddeſſes are ſent from Iupiter, with ſeverall
Preſents, to honour this dayes Triumphs, and him to
whom they are devoted; Iuno brings Power, Pallas Wiſe
dome, Venus Love; whoſe Speech is as followeth:

Venus the Speaker.

THe Three Cæleſtiall goddeſſes this day
                  
Deſcend (Grave Prætor) to prepare your way
                  
To your new Oath, and Honor: Iove, whoſe ſtation
                  
Is ſtil above, hath ſent to this Ovation
And glorious Triumph, Vs: Iuno the great
                  
And Potent Queene; who to your Iurall ſeat,
Brings State & Power: Pallas, who from Ioves brain
                  
Derives her ſelfe, and from the higheſt ſtraine
Of all the other gods, claimes her deſcent,
Her Divine Wiſedome, doth this day preſent.

But I, Emergent Venus, Loves faire Queene,
                  
Borne of the Seas; and therefore beſt beſeene
To ſpeake upon the Waters, bring a gift,
Priz’d equally with theirs; that which ſhall lift
You up on voyces, and from the low frame
Of ſordid Earth, give you (above) a name:
                  

From

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From iuſt affections, and pure thoughts, Love ſprings,
And theſe are Impt with no Icarian wings,
                  
But Plumes Immortall, ſuch as Angels beare,
To fixe your Name in an eternall ſpheare.

Which to attaine; Take Iuno for your guide,

Maintaine her Peacocks riches, not her pride;

Who to prove all Earths glory is but vaine,

Lookes but upon her feete, and flaggs her traine.

Obſerue next Pallas Owles, and from them take
                  
This notion; you muſt watch even as they wake:
For all ſuch as the management of state
Shall undergoe, riſe earlie, and bed late,
So Wiſedome is begot; from Wiſedome Love,
(Sweete Child of ſuch a Parent) may’t then prove:
                  
That as this day you doe attract the eyes,
And expectation of the great, and wiſe,
So in the happy progreſſe of your yeere,
You may their hearts and ſoules to you Indeere:

From Love, your VVaters paſſage understand,

But Power and Wiſedome, wellcoms you on land.

THe next Modell by Land, which was onely
ſhowne upon the Water; is one of the twelue
Cæleſtiall fignes: Sagitarius called Croton; hee,

Sagitarius.

before hee was tranſlated into the Heavens, was
ſaid to bee the Sonne of Pan, and the Nimph Euphemes,
and in his Infancy, was Conclacteus Muſarum. i. Hee ſuckt
of the ſame breſt with the Muſes, his mother being their
Nurſe, and dwelt in Helicon; hee was Famous for his
skill in Archerie, wonderous ſwift of foote, and when the

Nine

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Nine Siſters ſung to their ſeverall inſtruments of Muſick,
his cuſtome was to dance before them in ſundry active fi
gures and poſtures. For which, and other indowments,
knowne to be eminent in, hee was at their requeſt to Iu
piter tranſlated amongſt the ſtarres, in the plat-forme, on
which hee is borne: at the foure corners, are ſeated foure
other dignified with the like Conſtellations: Virgo, beſt

Virgo.

knowne by the name of Aſtrea and Iuſta, the daughter of
Iupiter, and Themis; and for her Iuſtice and Integritie,
thither transferr’d, and numbred amongſt the Twelue:
Next Ariadne, beſt knowne amongſt the Aſtrologians, by

Ariadne.

the name of Corona, the Crowne, which was ſaid to bee
forged by Vulcan in Lemnos, the materialls thereof were
Gold, and Indian Gemmes, of extraordinary ſplendor,
which ſhee lending to Theſeus at that time when her Fa
ther Minos had expoſ’d him to the Minotaure, by the lu
ſter thereof, hee paſſed freely through the darkneſſe of the
Laborinth: Some ſay, it was firſt given her by Liberpater,
or Bacchus, the Sonne of Iupiter, and Semele, and was the
price of her Virginitie: but howſoever, ſhee being moſt
ingratefully forſaken by Theſeus, in the Ile of Naxos; was
there found by Bacchus, who having eſpouſed her with
great ſolemnitie, cauſed her after her death, with this
Crowne to bee Inueſted in the Firmament. The Third,

Caſſiopeia.

Caſſiopeia, the wife of Cepheus, who preferring her owne
beautie before the Nereides, who were the daughters of
Neptune, was for that inſolence, doom’d to be bownd in
a chayre, hand and foote, and ſo placed amongſt the
ſpheares, where ſhee remaines Conſpicuous, in Thirteene
Starres. The Fourth, is Andromeda, the Daughter of

Androme
da.

Ce
pheus and Caſſiopeia, who by the wrath of Neptune, being
chain’d unto a Rocke, and ready to bee devoured by a
Sea Monſter, was delivered thence by Perſeus, the Sonne

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of Iupiter, and Danae to whom being after married, was
call’d Perſa, and Stellified by Minerua: The Speaker is an
Aſtrologian.

¶ The Speech followeth:

LAte riſen in the Heaven is Sagitary,
(With you, great Lord) who doth about him carry
Fifteene bright Starres, moſt Influent, and theſe all
Appearing in the Circle hiemall:
His Bow devided in that beaten roade,
Call’d Galaxia, where the gods have troade
                  
So oft; that looke upon it in the night,
When all the reſt’s dull, that alone ſhines bright:
(As you now at this inſtant:) Hee fifteene
                  
Starres, did I ſay? How you then; who betweene
Your landing and repoſe, by power divine,
Have full Three-ſcore, about your state to ſhine:
For every Company’s a Starre this day,
                  
Viſible to all, and over theſe you ſway:
But twelue in chiefe; and thoſe wee must confeſſe,
Of greater lustere made, to guide the leſſe:
All enioy one like Freedome, all are Free,
And all (Great Prætor) to bee rul’d by thee:
                  
Commanding all the rest, who in thy ſpheare,
Now riſing, art to ſhine a compleate yeere.

You may obſerue his Bow still ready bent,

In which there is a perfect Emblem ment

Of Divine Iuſtice: Th’ Arrow, with a Starre

Headed, Implies, that her power reacheth farre;

And

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And no oppoſure, fraude, violence, or rape,
This text has been supplied. Reason: The facsimile photograph does not include the
                           whole surface. Evidence: The text has been supplied based on an external source. (CH)Can (when ſhee aimes to ſtrike) her vengeance ſcape;
                  
This text has been supplied. Reason: The facsimile photograph does not include the
                           whole surface. Evidence: The text has been supplied based on an external source. (CH)Yet though the ſtring be drawne up to his eare,
                  
This text has been supplied. Reason: The facsimile photograph does not include the
                           whole surface. Evidence: The text has been supplied based on an external source. (CH)(As always preſt) hee rather ſeemes with feare
                  
This text has been supplied. Reason: The facsimile photograph does not include the
                           whole surface. Evidence: The text has been supplied based on an external source. (CH)To threat, then puniſh, and though hee can ſtill
                  
Let looſe his ſhafts, hee ſeldome ſhoots to kill.

Obſerve it well, the Morrall doth imply,
All Iuſtice ſhould be mixt with lenitie,
                  
So, Imitate the gods, ſince them wee know,
Apt ſtill to Mercie, but to vengeance ſlow:
And the Cæleſtiall bodies, though they trade
Above, yet were for our example made.
As oft as man ſinnes, ſhould Iove punniſh vice,
                  
His Quiver would be emptied in a trice,
And man-kind, at once periſh: O mixe then
Mercy with Iuſtice, Interweave againe
 
                     Iuſtice with Mercy; ſo ſhall you in your ſtate,
                  
Not Starres alone, but the gods Imitate;
So ſhall your Terrene body, in the end,
All the Cæleſtiall bodies farre tranſcend,
And deckt with better lights then thoſe you ſee
Above the ſpheares, ſhine to eternitie.

THe Third Plat-forme, is contrived onely for
Paſtime, to pleaſe the vulgar, and therefore de
ſerues no further Charractar, then a plaine nomi
nation, as deviſed onely to pleaſe the eye,but no
way to feaſt the eare: and ſo I leave it to proceede to the
next.

The

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THe Fourth Moddell, is a Caſtle munified with ſundry
Peeces of Ordnance; and Accomodated with all ſuch
Perſons as are needfull for the defence of ſuch a Citadell:
the Gunner being ready to give fire upon all occaſions;
as for the curious Art in the contriving thereof, I make no
queſtion but the worke it ſelfe is ſufficiently able to com
mend the Worke-man, being knowne to be an excellent
Artiſt, of which, the ſpectatours may beſt cenſure; I will
onely deliver unto you a word or two concering the pre
ſenter, which is Mars.

Mars.

Hee is ſtyled the third amongſt the gods, becauſe hee
ſtands in that degree amongſt the Planets: and is ſaid
to be the ſonne of Iupiter; ſome write that Bellona was his
Nurſſe, others that ſhe was his Mother, and ſome his ſiſter.
Yet none of theſe improper, for Ennio which is a Bellona,
implies no more then an incouragement of the minde to
hardineſſe and valour in all Skyrmiſhes and Battailes. He
is alſo cal’d Ares which ſignifieth Dammage or detri

His ſundry
Denomina
tions.

ment, and Mavors quaſi Mares vorans, of devouring of
men; and by the Gentiles, had the Denomination of the
god of Battailes. He was antiently figured an angry man
ſitting in a Chariot, armed with a ſheild and other wea
pons, both offenſiue, and defenſiue: Vpon his head a plu
med Helmet, his ſword mounted vpon his thigh, hee held
in one hand a whip, in the other, the Raines, being drawne
in his Chariot by wylde and vntam’d Horſes. Before
him was portraied a Wolfe dèvouring a Lambe, the
Wolfe being the beaſt particularly offered vpon his
ſhrine, and becauſe the two Romane Twinnes the firſt
founders of Rome, Romvlvs and Remvs, were fained to
be the ſonnes of Mars (of which the one ſlewe the other)
therefore Romvlvs is figured vpon his Chariot as the
vnnaturall ſurvivor. The Athenians were the firſt that

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ever ſacrificed to this god of Warre, which Celebration
was call’d Ekaton pephomena for whoſoever had ſlaine an
Hundred of the publike Enemies, was bownd to
ſacrifice a man upon his Altar, ſituate in the Ile Lemnos,
but after the bloodineſſe, and inhumanitie thereof, diſ
pleaſing the Athenians, they changed that cuſtome, and in
the ſtead of man, offered a gelded Hogge, which they
call’d Nefrendes: Varro writes, that amongſt the Romans,
Sicinnivs Dentatvs, having fought one hun
dered and Ten ſeverall Duells, and being Victor in them
all, receiving Forty five wounds, whoſe skarres were vi
ſible upon his body, all before, and none backward: Hee
was for his Valour, honoured with Twenty five ſeverall
Crownes, and received moreover, an Hundred and Forty
golden Bracelets; and was firſt amongſt the Romanes,
that ever made oblation to this Deity: Mars ſitting in the
front of the Tower, ſpeakes as followeth.

The Speech of Mars.

BEllipotent Mars is from his ſpheare come downe,
                  
To heighten theſe brave Triumphs of Renowne,
Seated in this mur’d Citadel, defenc’d
With Bullets wrapt in Fire, and Cloudes condenſt.

A Peece
goes off.

The Tormentary Art, not long ſince found,

Which ſhatters Towers, & by which Ships are drown’d,

I bring along; to let you underſtand

Theſe guard you ſafety, both by Sea, and Land.

O, when I late ſaw from mine orbe Divine,

So many Sonnes of Mars, amongſt you, ſhine

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In compleat Arms, Plum’d Casks, and Enſigns ſpred
                  
By ſuch brave Captaines, and Commanders led:
No Souldier, but his Poſture to the life,
Acting to’th Muſick of the Drum and Fyffe,
Some practiſing ſmall Bombards, ſome the great,
Whoſe very thunder, rowſ’d mee from my ſeate:
This Peacefull Citie, I much prayſ’d, whoſe power
                  
Could to a Campe, it ſelfe change in an houre:
Proceed in your brave Practiſe; whil’ſt I tell
Wherein your Iron and Steele doth moſt excell.
                  

Without theſe Metalls, Nature could produce
                  
Nothing that is conducefull to mans uſe:
The Plow, without the Coulter and the Share,
                  
Could make no Furrowes, and thoſe Graines that are
Vpon them throwne, were loſt to them that ſowe them,
Without the Sickle, or the Sythe to mowe them:
The Gardeners Art, would ceaſe to be a trade,
                  
If take from him the Matocke, and the Spade.
                  
In Denns and Caves wee ſhould be forc’d to dwell,
Were there no Axes made, that Timber fell:
Nor on the Seas could wee have Shipps to ſayle,
                  
Without the Sawe, the Hammer, and the Nayle:
Aske thoſe that take in Angling moſt delight,
                  
Without baited Hooke no fiſh will bite.
                  
The Iron Crowe turnes up the Indian mould,
                  
Trenching the Earth untill they dig out Gold.
If with the Iron the Adamant ſhould contend,
                  
There ſhould be no more Compaſſe, but an end
                  

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Of all Diſcovery: Even the Horſe wee ride
Vnſhod, would founder, who takes greateſt pride,
                  
When the moſt curb’d, and playing with the bit,
                  
Hee ſnowes the ground, and doth the Spurre forgit.
                  
There is no Art, Craft, Faculty, or Trade,
Without it, can ſubſiſt: our Sword is made
                  
Of theſe mixt Metalls (Sir) Iuſtice would ceaſe,
                  
If (as in Warre) it were not us’d in Peace:
Power makes it yours, your wiſedome now direct you;
VVhilſt Peace ſwayes heere, Mars ſhall abroad pro

                     (tect you.

THe ſpeech being ended, the Ordnance goeth off
from the Caſtle; and now I come to the fift and laſt.

Heere I might enter into a large diſcourſe, concerning
the commodiouſneſſe of Iron and Steele, and to ſpeake
of Tuball Cain, who made the firſt Forge, and found out
the vſe of theſe Metalls: as alſo Vulcan the deified Smith
and of his Cyclopean Hammers with which hee was ſaid to
have beaten out Ioves Thunder-boults, with other fixi
ons to the like purpoſe, theſe having before been expoſed
to the publick view vpon occaſion of the like ſolemnity, &
knowing withall that Cibus bis coctus, reliſheth not the
queſie ſtomackes of theſe times. I therefore purpoſly omit
them proceeding to the laſt Pageants, ſtyled Sinus ſalutis,
firſt the Booſome, or harbour of Health and Happineſſe.
The ſculputre being adorned with eight ſeveral perſons, re
preſenting ſuch vertues as are neceſſary to bee imbraced
by all ſuch Majeſtrates, who after their stormy and tem
peſtuous progreſſe through all judicature cauſes incident
to their places, ſeeke to anchor in that ſafe and ſecure
Port ſo ſtyled.

Every

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Every Magiſtrate is a miniſter vnder God, appointed
by his divine ordinance to that calling, to be a protector of
the Church, a preſeruer of diſcipline and Peace, conſonant
with his lawes, the lawes of nature, and the land, which
hee ought faithfully to execute, with corporall puniſh
ment, correcting the proud and diſobedient, and againſt
all unjuſt oppreſſors, defending the conformable and hum
ble. The firſt vertue adorning the ſtructure is ſtiled Forti
tudo togata, which gowned Fortitude is thus defined.

Fortitudo
togata.

A conſtancy of minde perſevering in honeſt purpoſe
rightly unertaken and according to his place and calling,
tollerating private jnjuries for lawdable cauſes, diſpiſing
pleaſures, corrupt guifts, detraction, and the like: and
theſe meerly for vertues ſake and preſerring the publike
good before his owne private gaine &c. Of which Fabri
tius was a noble preſident, who refuſing the gold ſent him
by Pyrhus was no whit affrighted with the terror of his E
lephants; to ſpeake or act any thing againſt the dignity of
the Republicke. Of whom Eutropius reports, Pyrhus to
haue ſaid: the Sunne is more eaſie to bee altered in his
courſe, then this Fabritius to be removed from his honeſty.

Manſuetu
do

Manſuetudo, or gentleneſſe is a vertue mediating wrath
and ſuppreſsing all deſire of revenge and remitting offen
ces, for publicke concords ſake, which notably appeared
in Pericles, who when one had bitterly rayled on him, for
ſpace of one whole afternoone, in the open market place:
night comming, hee cauſed his ſervants to light him to his
horſe with Torches.

Candor, or ſincerity is when without ſimulation we our

Candor.

ſeules ſpeake, and with no diffidence ſuſpect the good
meaning of others: wiſhing all juſt men well, rejoycing
at theire proſperity, and commiſſerating their diſaſter: It
is reported of Trajanus the Emperour, that when Sura

Licinius,

B2r

Licinius one of the Tribunes, was accuſed unto him, to
Have Inſidiated his life, not queſtioning the faith of ſo
knowne a friend; the ſame night, un-invited, ſupt with him
privately in his houſe, and the Table being with-drawne,
truſted himſelfe to be trim’d by Sura’s Barbar.

Patientia Philoſophica, Is a Vertue obedient unto reaſon,

Patientia
Phyloſo-
phica.

in bearing wrongs, and ſuffering adverſities; it mode
rates griefe, and bridles nature, ſo that it never rebells a
gainſt Iuſtice, Modeſty, Conſtancy, or any other vertue;
Xenophon reports Cyrus and Ageſolanus, to be of ſuch Phi
loſophical patience, that in their height of determination in
all their actions, and ſpeech, they appeared to all men
affable, and offenceleſſe.

Placabilitie is a vertue, having correſpondence with that

Placabili-
tas.

which I before ſtil’d Manſuetudo, or Gentleneſſe; Philoſu
chia, or ſtudy of Peace, and Concord, is when a Magi
ſtrate thinks Humbly of himſelfe, moderating his owne
anger, and bearing with the Infirmities of others, pardo
ning Injuries, and maintaining unitie, being provident that
all unneceſſary controverſie bee aton’d, leaſt the publike
Peace and Vnitie of the Church, or Common-weale be di
ſturbed, or hindred; of which Vertue, Abraham was a
moſt Imitable Preſident, who, though in Authoritie,
Wiſedome, and age, hee had Prioritie before Lot, yet
not-with-ſtanding, gave place to him; only for Concords
ſake.

Humanitie, which the Greekes call Ethos, Is Iuſtice,
coupled with Gentleneſſe, Equitie, Vpright-life, Affabili

Humani-
tas.

tie, and the like, for which are remark’t, Alexander, Cyrus,
Octavus Cæſar, &c. It hath alſo beene obſerued amongſt
Schollars (In which number) I may Catalogue your Lord
ſhip, that the more learned they have beene, they have
ſhewed themſelues the more humane, and humble.

The

B2v

Neneſis ſi
ve Zealus.

The laſt is Nemeſis, or Zeale, which is an ardent love
of Gods glory, of Iuſtice, Pietie, Sanctitie, &c. With an
earneſt Indignation againſt whatſoever is evill, ſupporting
the Religious, and ſeverely puniſhing the wicked, and re
fractory: Phinees zelo Inflammatus Confodit ſcortatorem,
&c. So much to Illuſtrate the Perſons; I come now to
the Speech.

HEE that is call’d to bee a Majeſtrate,
                  
A Guide, a Ruler, or a Candidate,
Muſt of ſo great a burden know the weight;
But firſt the ſtepps that mount him to that height:
Shall I direct you then, what ſayle to beare?
(Like a good Pilot) and what courſe to ſteare:
(Your pardon, Great Sir) daring to deſcry
                  
A paſſage, which you better know then I.

There is a double Fortitude, both Crown’d
                  
With merited Palme; one Gunn’d, the other Gown’d:
The Souldier claymes the firſt, as his by due,
The next, the Civill Sword, now borne by you:
By which, as great a glory you ſhall win
In Peace, as hee in Warre, by curbing ſinne,
                  
And cheriſhing vertue; In the ſecond place,
Stands Gentleneſſe, and Mercy, O what grace
                  
Hath Peace, with Pitty mixt? Metalls beſt feele,
                  
When IThis text has been supplied. Reason: Type not (sufficiently) inked. Evidence: The
                              text has been supplied based on evidence internal to this text (context, etc.). (CH)ron is well Incorporate with Steele:
                  
A body ſo calcin’d to publike uſe,
As to ſupport Right, and ſuppreſſe abuſe:

Sinceritie

B3r

Sinceritie may chalenge the third claſſe,
                  
Next Patience, which by ſuffering, doth ſurpaſſe
                  
All other Vertues: Placability
Study of Concord, and Fidelity;
Laſt, holy Zeale, and that doth crowne the reſt:
                  
All theſe being harbour’d in your honour’d breſt,
Shall (maugre ſhelues and rocks) your paſſage cleare,
And bring you to the Port, to which you steare:
                  
You are the Cities Chiefe, the Prime, the Sole,
                  
In expectation: like the stedfast Pole:
Proove constant in your Courſe be still the ſame,
So let your Sword (tutch’d with Truth’s Adamant)(aime.
In your yeeres compaſſe, that to all mens view
(Skilfull in stearage) it may still goe true:
                  

So, thoſe that were before you, and rul’d well,

Equall you ſhall, although not Antecell.

THere remaines the Speech at Night, which is onely a
a Sumnary, or reiteration of the former Showes, Ap
plied to the taking leave of his Lordſhip, and to com
mend him to his reſt: Mars being the Speaker.

¶ The Speech at Night

PHœbus his Steedes hath ſtabled in the Weſt,
And Night (ſucceeding Day) inuites to reſt:
The Three Cæleſtiall Queenes, ſent from above,
Leaving with you their Power, their Wiſdom, Love

Now

B3v

Now take their leaves: The Centaure doth beſtow
                  
On you his Iuſtice, with his ſhaft, and bowe,
                  
VVho to your beſt repoſe, bequeath’s you heere,
To mount himſelfe againe unto his ſpheare:
The Night being come, he cannot well be miſt;
For without him, his Orbe cannot ſubſiſt:
Neither can mine: Now muſt my Starre diſplay
                  
It’s Luminous Rays, being borrowed thence this day,
To waite upon your Triumphs, and ſhall ſtill
Protect you, and your weighty charge, untill
Hee, which ſhall all your upright Actions bleſſe,
Conduct you to your Port of Happineſſe.

THeſe Frames, Modells, and Structures, were Faſhi
oned, Wrought, and Perfected, by the Two Artiſts,
Ioh̀n, and Mathias Chrismas; Succeſſors to their
Father, Mr. Gerald Chrismas, late diſceaſed, as well
in the Exquiſite performance of his qualitie, as in his true
ſincerite, and honeſty; of whom I may confidently ſpeake,
as no man could out-vie him in theſe Workes, which hee
underwent, ſo none could out-match him in his word,
For any thing hee undertooke; concerning whom I make
no ſcruple, thus Ingeniouſly to conclude: Ars patris, in
filijs etiam, poſt fata viget.

Horizontal Rule

FINIS.

Horizontal Rule

References

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Cite this page

MLA citation

Heywood, Thomas. Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse. The Map of Early Modern London, edited by Janelle Jenstad, U of Victoria, 15 Sep. 2020, mapoflondon.uvic.ca/SINU1.htm. Draft.

Chicago citation

Heywood, Thomas. Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse. The Map of Early Modern London. Ed. Janelle Jenstad. Victoria: University of Victoria. Accessed September 15, 2020. https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/SINU1.htm. Draft.

APA citation

Heywood, T. 2020. Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse. In J. Jenstad (Ed), The Map of Early Modern London. Victoria: University of Victoria. Retrieved from https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/SINU1.htm. Draft.

RIS file (for RefMan, EndNote etc.)

Provider: University of Victoria
Database: The Map of Early Modern London
Content: text/plain; charset="utf-8"

TY  - ELEC
A1  - Heywood, Thomas
ED  - Jenstad, Janelle
T1  - Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse
T2  - The Map of Early Modern London
PY  - 2020
DA  - 2020/09/15
CY  - Victoria
PB  - University of Victoria
LA  - English
UR  - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/SINU1.htm
UR  - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/xml/standalone/SINU1.xml
TY  - UNP
ER  -

RefWorks

RT Unpublished Material
SR Electronic(1)
A1 Heywood, Thomas
A6 Jenstad, Janelle
T1 Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse
T2 The Map of Early Modern London
WP 2020
FD 2020/09/15
RD 2020/09/15
PP Victoria
PB University of Victoria
LA English
OL English
LK https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/SINU1.htm

TEI citation

<bibl type="mla"><author><name ref="#HEYW1"><surname>Heywood</surname>, <forename>Thomas</forename></name></author>. <title level="m">Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse</title>. <title level="m">The Map of Early Modern London</title>, edited by <editor><name ref="#JENS1"><forename>Janelle</forename> <surname>Jenstad</surname></name></editor>, <publisher>U of Victoria</publisher>, <date when="2020-09-15">15 Sep. 2020</date>, <ref target="https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/SINU1.htm">mapoflondon.uvic.ca/SINU1.htm</ref>. Draft.</bibl>

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- Jenstad, Janelle. The Burse and the Merchant’s Purse: Coin, Credit, and the Nation in Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody. The Elizabethan Theatre XV. Ed. C.E. McGee and A.L. Magnusson. Toronto: P.D. Meany, 2002. 181–202. Print.
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- Jenstad, Janelle. Lying-in Like a Countess: The Lisle Letters, the Cecil Family, and A Chaste Maid in Cheapside. Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 34 (2004): 373–403. doi:10.1215/10829636–34–2–373.
- Jenstad, Janelle. Public Glory, Private Gilt: The Goldsmiths’ Company and the Spectacle of Punishment. Institutional Culture in Early Modern Society. Ed. Anne Goldgar and Robert Frost. Leiden: Brill, 2004. 191–217. Print.
- Jenstad, Janelle. Smock Secrets: Birth and Women’s Mysteries on the Early Modern Stage. Performing Maternity in Early Modern England. Ed. Katherine Moncrief and Kathryn McPherson. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007. 87–99. Print.
- Jenstad, Janelle. Using Early Modern Maps in Literary Studies: Views and Caveats from London. GeoHumanities: Art, History, Text at the Edge of Place. Ed. Michael Dear, James Ketchum, Sarah Luria, and Doug Richardson. London: Routledge, 2011. Print.
- Jenstad, Janelle. Versioning John Stow’s A Survey of London, or, What’s New in 1618 and 1633?. Janelle Jenstad Blog. https://janellejenstad.com/2013/03/20/versioning-john-stows-a-survey-of-london-or-whats-new-in-1618-and-1633/.
- Shakespeare, William. The Merchant of Venice. Ed. Janelle Jenstad. Internet Shakespeare Editions. Open.
- Stow, John. A SVRVAY OF LONDON. Contayning the Originall, Antiquity, Increase, Moderne estate, and description of that Citie, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow Citizen of London. Also an Apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that Citie, the greatnesse thereof. With an Appendix, containing in Latine, Libellum de situ & nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. Ed. Janelle Jenstad and the MoEML Team. MoEML. Transcribed. Web.
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- Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse
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- ODNB
- Wikipedia
Thomas Heywood is mentioned in the following documents:
Thomas Heywood authored or edited the following items in MoEML’s bibliography:
- Heywood, Thomas. The Captives; or, The Lost Recovered. Ed. Alexander Corbin Judson. New Haven: Yale UP, 1921. Print.
- Heywood, Thomas. The First and Second Parts of King Edward IV. Ed. Richard Rowland. Manchester: Manchester UP, 2005. The Revels Plays.
- Heywood, Thomas. The foure prentises of London. London, 1615. EEBO. Subscr. Reprint. STC 13321.
- Heywood, Thomas. The Second Part of, If you know not me, you know no bodie. VVith the building of the Royall Exchange: And the Famous Victorie of Queene Elizabeth, in the Yeare 1588. London, 1606. STC 13336. EEBO. Web. Subscr.
- Munday, Anthony, Henry Chettle, Thomas Dekker, Thomas Heywood, and William Shakespeare. Sir Thomas More. Ed. Vittorio Gabrieli and Giorgio Melchiori. Revels Plays. Manchester; New York: Manchester UP, 1990. Print.
- Thomas Heywood Heywood’s Dramatic Works. 6 vols. Ed. W.J. Alexander. London: John Pearson, 1874. Print.
James VI and I

James This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 6VI This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 1I King of Scotland King of England King of Ireland

(b. 1566, d. 1625)

King of Scotland 1567-1625. King of England and Ireland 1603-1625.
- ODNB
- Wikipedia
James VI and I is mentioned in the following documents:
James VI and I authored or edited the following items in MoEML’s bibliography:
- James VI and I. Letters of King James VI and I. Ed. G.P.V. Akrigg. Berkeley: U of California P, 1984. Print.
- Rhodes, Neill, Jennifer Richards, and Joseph Marshall, eds. King James VI and I: Selected Writings. By James VI and I. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004.
Astraea

Goddess of justice in Greek mythology.
- EM
Astraea is mentioned in the following documents:
Sir James Cambell

Sir James Cambell Sheriff Mayor

(b. 1570, d. 1642)

Sheriff of London 1619-1620. Mayor 1629-1630. Member of the Ironmongers’ Company. Son of Sir Thomas Cambell. Knighted on 23 May 1630.
- MASL
- ODNB
- Wikipedia
Sir James Cambell is mentioned in the following documents:
Gerard Christmas

(d. 1634)

Carver and sculptor. Artificer of mayoral shows.
- ODNB
- Wikipedia
Gerard Christmas is mentioned in the following documents:
Fortitude

Personification of fortitude. Appears as an allegorical character in mayoral shows.
Fortitude is mentioned in the following documents:
Jupiter

Jupiter Jove

God of the sky in Roman mythology. Father of Venus.
- EM
- Wikipedia
Jupiter is mentioned in the following documents:
Mars

God of war in Roman mythology.
- Wikipedia
Mars is mentioned in the following documents:
Venus

Goddess of beauty in Roman mythology. Daughter of Jupiter. Mother of Aeneas.
- EM
- Wikipedia
Venus is mentioned in the following documents:
Vulcan

Vulcan Mulciber

God of fire and smithery in Roman mythology.
- EM
- Wikipedia
Vulcan is mentioned in the following documents:
Zeale

Personification of zeal. Appears as an allegorical character in mayoral shows.
Zeale is mentioned in the following documents:
Mercy

Personification of mercy. Appears as an allegorical character in mayoral shows.
Mercy is mentioned in the following documents:
Richard Merlawe

Richard Merlawe Sheriff Mayor

Sheriff of London 1402-1403. Mayor 1409-1410 and 1417-1418. Possible member of the Ironmongers’ Company or Fishmongers’ Company.
- MASL
Richard Merlawe is mentioned in the following documents:
Sir Alexander Avenon

Sir Alexander Avenon Sheriff Mayor

Sheriff of London 1561-1562. Mayor 1569-1570. Member of the Ironmongers’ Company. Husband of Lady Alice Avenon. Buried at St. Peter, Westcheap.
- MASL
Sir Alexander Avenon is mentioned in the following documents:
Trajan

Trajan Emperor of the Roman Empire Caesar Nerva Trajanus Augustus

Emperor of the Roman Empire 98-117.
- EB
- Wikipedia
Trajan is mentioned in the following documents:
Robert Raworth

Printer and bookseller.

Wikipedia
Robert Raworth is mentioned in the following documents:
- Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse
Juno

Goddess of marriage and childbirth in Roman mythology. Wife of Juptier. Daughter of Saturn.

Wikipedia
Juno is mentioned in the following documents:
- Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse
Minerva

Goddess of poetry, medicine, wisdom, and strategic warfare in Roman mythology. Equated with Athena in Greek mythology.

Wikipedia
Minerva is mentioned in the following documents:
Remus

Twin brother of Romulus in Roman mythology. Murdered prior to the founding of Rome.

EB

Wikipedia
Remus is mentioned in the following documents:
Romulus

Twin brother of Remus in Roman mythology. Founder of Rome.
- EB
- Wikipedia
Romulus is mentioned in the following documents:
John Christmas

(b. 1599, d. 1654)

Son of Gerard Christmas. Brother of Matthias Christmas.

ODNB
John Christmas is mentioned in the following documents:
Matthias Christmas

(b. 1605, d. 1654)

Son of Gerard Christmas. Brother of John Christmas.

ODNB
Matthias Christmas is mentioned in the following documents:
Perseus

Founder of Mycenae and the Perseid dynasty in Greek mythology. Son of Danaë.
- Wikipedia
Perseus is mentioned in the following documents:
Andromeda

Daughter of Cepheus and Cassiopeia in Greek mythology. Saved from a sea monster by Perseus.
- Wikipedia
Andromeda is mentioned in the following documents:
Cepheus

Cepheus King of Aethiopia

King of Aethiopia in Greek mythology. Husband of Cassiopeia. Father of Andromeda.
- Wikipedia
Cepheus is mentioned in the following documents:
Cassiopeia

Cassiopeia Queen of Aethiopia

Queen of Aethiopia in Greek mythology. Wife of Cepheus. Mother of Andromeda.
- Wikipedia
Cassiopeia is mentioned in the following documents:
Danaë

Mother of Perseus in Greek mythology.
- Wikipedia
Danaë is mentioned in the following documents:
Agesilaus II

Agesilaus This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 2II King of Sparta

King of Sparta 398-360 BC.
- Wikipedia
Agesilaus II is mentioned in the following documents:
- Londini Artium & Scientiarum: or, London’s Fountaine of Arts and Science
- Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse
Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great King of Macedon

King of Macedon 336–323 BC.
- Wikipedia
Alexander the Great is mentioned in the following documents:
Hadrian

Hadrian Emperor of the Roman Empire Caesar Trajanus Hadrianus Augustus

Emperor of the Roman Empire 117–138 BC.
- EB
- Wikipedia
Hadrian is mentioned in the following documents:
- Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse
Pan

God of the wild, shepherds and flocks, nature of mountain wilds, and rustic music in Greek mythology.
- Wikipedia
Pan is mentioned in the following documents:
- London’s Tempe
- Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse
Eupheme

Female spirit of words of good omen, praise, acclaims, shouts of triumph, and applause in Greek mythology.
- Wikipedia
Eupheme is mentioned in the following documents:
- Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse
Themis

Titaness in Greek mythology.
- Wikipedia
Themis is mentioned in the following documents:
- Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse
Ariadne

Cretan princess in Greek mythology.
- Wikipedia
Ariadne is mentioned in the following documents:
- Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse
Theseus

Founder of Athens in Greek mythology.
- Wikipedia
Theseus is mentioned in the following documents:
- Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse
Minos

Minos King of Crete

King of Crete in Greek mythology.
- Wikipedia
Minos is mentioned in the following documents:
- Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse
Semele

Daughter of Cadmus in Greek mythology.
- Wikipedia
Semele is mentioned in the following documents:
- Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse
Bellona

Goddess of war in Roman mythology.
- Wikipedia
Bellona is mentioned in the following documents:
Marcus Terentius Varro

Roman scholar and writer.
- Wikipedia
Marcus Terentius Varro is mentioned in the following documents:
- Londini Speculum: or, London’s Mirror
- Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse
Lucius Siccius Dentatus

Roman soldier.
- Wikipedia
Lucius Siccius Dentatus is mentioned in the following documents:
- Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse
Tubal-cain

First blacksmith in the Bible.
- Wikipedia
Tubal-cain is mentioned in the following documents:
- London’s Tempe
- Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse
Pyrrhus of Epirus

Pyrrhus

Greek general and statesman.
- Wikipedia
Pyrrhus of Epirus is mentioned in the following documents:
- Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse
Eutropius

Roman historian.
- Wikipedia
Eutropius is mentioned in the following documents:
- Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse
Lucius Licinius Sura

Roman Senator.
- Wikipedia
Lucius Licinius Sura is mentioned in the following documents:
- Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse
Xenophon

Greek philosopher, historian, soldier, and mercenary. Student of Socrates.
- Wikipedia
Xenophon is mentioned in the following documents:
- Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse
Abraham

Prototype of all believers in the Bible. Husband of Sarah.
- Wikipedia
Abraham is mentioned in the following documents:
Cyrus the Great

Cyrus the Great King of Persia King of Media King of Lydia King of Babylon

King of Persia 559–530 BC. King of Media 550–530 BC. King of Lydia 547–530 BC. King of Babylon 539–530 BC.
- Wikipedia
Cyrus the Great is mentioned in the following documents:
- Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse
Lactantius

Lactantius Lucius Caecilius Firmianus Lactantius

Author. Advisor of Constantine I.
- Wikipedia
Lactantius is mentioned in the following documents:
- Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse
Sir Francis Harvey

Judge and politician.
- ODNB
Sir Francis Harvey is mentioned in the following documents:
- Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse
Cupid

God of desire, erotic love, attraction, and affection in Roman mythology. Often depicted as the son of Mars and Venus. Equated with Eros in Greek mythology.
- Wikipedia
Cupid is mentioned in the following documents:
Sir Christopher Clitherow

Sir Christopher Clitherow Sheriff Mayor

Sheriff of London 1625-1626. Mayor 1635-1636. Member of the Ironmongers’ Company. Prominent member of the East India Company. Knighted on 15 January 1636.
- MASL
- ODNB
- Wikipedia
Sir Christopher Clitherow is mentioned in the following documents:
- Mayoral Shows: A Chronology
- Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse
Gentleness

Personification of gentleness. Appears as an allegorical character in mayoral shows.
Gentleness is mentioned in the following documents:
- Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse
Servius Sulpicius Similis

Roman knight and prefect.
- Wikipedia
Servius Sulpicius Similis is mentioned in the following documents:
- Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse
Dio Cassius

Dio Cassius Lucius Cassius Dio

(b. 150, d. 235)

Roman statesman and historian.
- EB
- Wikipedia
Dio Cassius is mentioned in the following documents:
Krotos

Hunter in Greek mythology. Became the constellation Sagittarius.
- Wikipedia
Krotos is mentioned in the following documents:
- Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse
Gaius Fabricius Luscinus

Roman magistrate. Often invoked as a figure of uncompromising virtue.
- Wikipedia
Gaius Fabricius Luscinus is mentioned in the following documents:
- Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse
Lot

Patriarch in the Bible.
- Wikipedia
Lot is mentioned in the following documents:
- Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse

Locations

Organizations

Ironmongers’ Company

Worshipful Company of Ironmongers

The Ironmongers’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London. The Ironmongers were tenth in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Ironmongers is still active and maintains a website at http://www.ironmongers.org/ that includes a history of the company.

The coat of arms of the Ironmongers’ Company, from Stow (1633). [Full size image]
This organization is mentioned in the following documents:

Sinus Salutis, or, London’s Harbour of Health, and Happinesse

References

Citation

This item is cited in the following documents:

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This item is cited in the following documents:

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Personography

LS

Roles played in the project

Contributions by this author

Lucas Simpson is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:

Lucas Simpson is mentioned in the following documents:

CH

Roles played in the project

Contributions by this author

Chris Horne is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:

Chris Horne is mentioned in the following documents:

KL

Roles played in the project

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Kate LeBere is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:

Kate LeBere is mentioned in the following documents:

TEH

Roles played in the project

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Tracey El Hajj is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:

Tracey El Hajj is mentioned in the following documents:

JT

Roles played in the project

Contributions by this author

Joey Takeda is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:

Joey Takeda is mentioned in the following documents:

CT

Roles played in the project

Chase Templet is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:

Chase Templet is mentioned in the following documents:

TLG

Roles played in the project

Contributions by this author

Tye Landels-Gruenewald is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:

Tye Landels-Gruenewald is mentioned in the following documents:

QM

Roles played in the project

Quinn MacDonald is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:

Quinn MacDonald is mentioned in the following documents:

KMF

Roles played in the project

Contributions by this author

Kim McLean-Fiander is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:

Kim McLean-Fiander is mentioned in the following documents:

MK

Roles played in the project

Mark Kaethler is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:

Mark Kaethler is mentioned in the following documents:

JJ

Roles played in the project

Contributions by this author

Janelle Jenstad is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:

Janelle Jenstad is mentioned in the following documents:

Janelle Jenstad authored or edited the following items in MoEML’s bibliography:

MDH

Roles played in the project

Contributions by this author

Martin D. Holmes is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:

Martin D. Holmes is mentioned in the following documents:

Sir Thomas Cambell Sheriff Mayor

Sir Thomas Cambell is mentioned in the following documents:

Sir Christopher Draper Sheriff Mayor

Sir Christopher Draper is mentioned in the following documents:

Edward This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 4IV King of England

Edward IV is mentioned in the following documents:

Elizabeth This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 1I Queen of England Queen of Ireland Gloriana Good Queen Bess

Elizabeth I is mentioned in the following documents: