Sites
Sites in early modern London or remembered by early modern Londoners and represented
in MoEML’s sources.
References
-
1633 Survey Chapters.
The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 6.6, edited by , U of Victoria, 30 Jun. 2021, mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/6.6/stow_1633.htm. Draft. -
.
Executions.
The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 6.6, edited by , U of Victoria, 30 Jun. 2021, mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/6.6/EXEC1.htm.
Cite this page
MLA citation
, and .
Sites in early modern London or remembered by early modern Londoners and represented in MoEML’s sources.The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 6.6, edited by , U of Victoria, 30 Jun. 2021, mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/6.6/mdtEncyclopediaLocationSite.htm.
Chicago citation
, and .
Sites in early modern London or remembered by early modern Londoners and represented in MoEML’s sources.The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 6.6. Ed. . Victoria: University of Victoria. Accessed June 30, 2021. mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/6.6/mdtEncyclopediaLocationSite.htm.
APA citation
, & 2021. Sites in early modern London or remembered by early modern Londoners and represented
in MoEML’s sources. In (Ed), The Map of Early Modern London (Edition 6.6). Victoria: University of Victoria. Retrieved from https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/editions/6.6/mdtEncyclopediaLocationSite.htm.
RIS file (for RefMan, RefWorks, EndNote etc.)
Provider: University of Victoria Database: The Map of Early Modern London Content: text/plain; charset="utf-8" TY - ELEC A1 - The MoEML Team The MoEML Team A1 - Holmes, Martin ED - Jenstad, Janelle T1 - Sites in early modern London or remembered by early modern Londoners and represented in MoEML’s sources. T2 - The Map of Early Modern London ET - 6.6 PY - 2021 DA - 2021/06/30 CY - Victoria PB - University of Victoria LA - English UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/6.6/mdtEncyclopediaLocationSite.htm UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/6.6/xml/standalone/mdtEncyclopediaLocationSite.xml ER -
TEI citation
<bibl type="mla"><author><name ref="#TEAM1" type="org">The MoEML Team <reg>The MoEML
Team</reg></name></author>, and <author><name ref="#HOLM3"><forename>Martin</forename>
<forename>D.</forename> <surname>Holmes</surname></name></author>. <title level="a">Sites
in early modern London or remembered by early modern Londoners and represented in
MoEML’s sources.</title> <title level="m">The Map of Early Modern London</title>,
Edition <edition>6.6</edition>, edited by <editor><name ref="#JENS1"><forename>Janelle</forename>
<surname>Jenstad</surname></name></editor>, <publisher>U of Victoria</publisher>,
<date when="2021-06-30">30 Jun. 2021</date>, <ref target="https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/6.6/mdtEncyclopediaLocationSite.htm">mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/6.6/mdtEncyclopediaLocationSite.htm</ref>.</bibl>
Personography
-
Joey Takeda
JT
Programmer, 2018-present. Junior Programmer, 2015-2017. Research Assistant, 2014-2017. Joey Takeda was a graduate student at the University of British Columbia in the Department of English (Science and Technology research stream). He completed his BA honours in English (with a minor in Women’s Studies) at the University of Victoria in 2016. His primary research interests included diasporic and indigenous Canadian and American literature, critical theory, cultural studies, and the digital humanities.Roles played in the project
-
Abstract Author
-
Author
-
CSS Editor
-
Compiler
-
Conceptor
-
Copy Editor
-
Editor
-
Encoder
-
Geo-Coordinate Researcher
-
Junior Programmer
-
Markup Editor
-
Metadata Architect
-
Post-Conversion Editor
-
Programmer
-
Proofreader
-
Researcher
-
Toponymist
-
Transcriber
-
Transcription Proofreader
Contributions by this author
Joey Takeda is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:
Joey Takeda is mentioned in the following documents:
Joey Takeda authored or edited the following items in MoEML’s bibliography:
-
Jenstad, Janelle and Joseph Takeda.
Making the RA Matter: Pedagogy, Interface, and Practices.
Making Things and Drawing Boundaries: Experiments in the Digital Humanities. Ed. Jentery Sayers. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 2018. Print.
-
-
Kim McLean-Fiander
KMF
Director of Pedagogy and Outreach, 2015–present. Associate Project Director, 2015–present. Assistant Project Director, 2013-2014. MoEML Research Fellow, 2013. Kim McLean-Fiander comes to The Map of Early Modern London from the Cultures of Knowledge digital humanities project at the University of Oxford, where she was the editor of Early Modern Letters Online, an open-access union catalogue and editorial interface for correspondence from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. She is currently Co-Director of a sister project to EMLO called Women’s Early Modern Letters Online (WEMLO). In the past, she held an internship with the curator of manuscripts at the Folger Shakespeare Library, completed a doctorate at Oxford on paratext and early modern women writers, and worked a number of years for the Bodleian Libraries and as a freelance editor. She has a passion for rare books and manuscripts as social and material artifacts, and is interested in the development of digital resources that will improve access to these materials while ensuring their ongoing preservation and conservation. An avid traveler, Kim has always loved both London and maps, and so is particularly delighted to be able to bring her early modern scholarly expertise to bear on the MoEML project.Roles played in the project
-
Associate Project Director
-
Author
-
CSS Editor
-
Compiler
-
Copy Editor
-
Data Manager
-
Director of Pedagogy and Outreach
-
Editor
-
Encoder
-
Geo-Coordinate Researcher
-
JCURA Co-Supervisor
-
Managing Editor
-
Markup Editor
-
Metadata Architect
-
Proofreader
-
Research Fellow
-
Toponymist
-
Transcriber
-
Transcription Proofreader
-
Vetter
Contributions by this author
Kim McLean-Fiander is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:
Kim McLean-Fiander is mentioned in the following documents:
-
-
Janelle Jenstad
JJ
Janelle Jenstad is Associate Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of The Map of Early Modern London, and PI of Linked Early Modern Drama Online. She has taught at Queen’s University, the Summer Academy at the Stratford Festival, the University of Windsor, and the University of Victoria. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Kaethler, she co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media (Routledge). She has prepared a documentary edition of John Stow’s A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in Digital Humanities Quarterly, Renaissance and Reformation,Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, Early Modern Literary Studies, Elizabethan Theatre, Shakespeare Bulletin: A Journal of Performance Criticism, and The Silver Society Journal. Her book chapters have appeared (or will appear) in Institutional Culture in Early Modern Society (Brill, 2004), Shakespeare, Language and the Stage, The Fifth Wall: Approaches to Shakespeare from Criticism, Performance and Theatre Studies (Arden/Thomson Learning, 2005), Approaches to Teaching Othello (Modern Language Association, 2005), Performing Maternity in Early Modern England (Ashgate, 2007), New Directions in the Geohumanities: Art, Text, and History at the Edge of Place (Routledge, 2011), Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter, 2016), Teaching Early Modern English Literature from the Archives (MLA, 2015), Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers (Indiana, 2016), Making Things and Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota, 2017), and Rethinking Shakespeare’s Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies (Routledge, 2018).Roles played in the project
-
Abstract Author
-
Author
-
Compiler
-
Conceptor
-
Copy Editor
-
Course Instructor
-
Course Supervisor
-
Data Manager
-
Editor
-
Encoder
-
Geo-Coordinate Researcher
-
JCURA Co-Supervisor
-
Markup Editor
-
Metadata Architect
-
Peer Reviewer
-
Project Director
-
Proofreader
-
Researcher
-
Toponymist
-
Transcriber
-
Transcription Proofreader
-
Vetter
Contributions by this author
Janelle Jenstad is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:
Janelle Jenstad is mentioned in the following documents:
Janelle Jenstad authored or edited the following items in MoEML’s bibliography:
-
Jenstad, Janelle and Joseph Takeda.
Making the RA Matter: Pedagogy, Interface, and Practices.
Making Things and Drawing Boundaries: Experiments in the Digital Humanities. Ed. Jentery Sayers. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 2018. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Building a Gazetteer for Early Modern London, 1550-1650.
Placing Names. Ed. Merrick Lex Berman, Ruth Mostern, and Humphrey Southall. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana UP, 2016. 129-145. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
The Burse and the Merchant’s Purse: Coin, Credit, and the Nation in Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody.
The Elizabethan Theatre XV. Ed. C.E. McGee and A.L. Magnusson. Toronto: P.D. Meany, 2002. 181–202. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Early Modern Literary Studies 8.2 (2002): 5.1–26..The City Cannot Hold You
: Social Conversion in the Goldsmith’s Shop. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
The Silver Society Journal 10 (1998): 40–43.The Gouldesmythes Storehowse
: Early Evidence for Specialisation. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Lying-in Like a Countess: The Lisle Letters, the Cecil Family, and A Chaste Maid in Cheapside.
Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 34 (2004): 373–403. doi:10.1215/10829636–34–2–373. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Public Glory, Private Gilt: The Goldsmiths’ Company and the Spectacle of Punishment.
Institutional Culture in Early Modern Society. Ed. Anne Goldgar and Robert Frost. Leiden: Brill, 2004. 191–217. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Smock Secrets: Birth and Women’s Mysteries on the Early Modern Stage.
Performing Maternity in Early Modern England. Ed. Katherine Moncrief and Kathryn McPherson. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007. 87–99. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Using Early Modern Maps in Literary Studies: Views and Caveats from London.
GeoHumanities: Art, History, Text at the Edge of Place. Ed. Michael Dear, James Ketchum, Sarah Luria, and Doug Richardson. London: Routledge, 2011. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Versioning John Stow’s A Survey of London, or, What’s New in 1618 and 1633?.
Janelle Jenstad Blog. https://janellejenstad.com/2013/03/20/versioning-john-stows-a-survey-of-london-or-whats-new-in-1618-and-1633/. -
Shakespeare, William. The Merchant of Venice. Ed. Janelle Jenstad. Internet Shakespeare Editions. U of Victoria. http://internetshakespeare.uvic.ca/Library/Texts/MV/.
-
Stow, John. A SVRVAY OF LONDON. Contayning the Originall, Antiquity, Increase, Moderne estate, and description of that Citie, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow Citizen of London. Also an Apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that Citie, the greatnesse thereof. With an Appendix, containing in Latine, Libellum de situ & nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. Ed. Janelle Jenstad and the MoEML Team. MoEML. Transcribed.
-
-
Martin D. Holmes
MDH
Programmer at the University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre (HCMC). Martin ported the MOL project from its original PHP incarnation to a pure eXist database implementation in the fall of 2011. Since then, he has been lead programmer on the project and has also been responsible for maintaining the project schemas. He was a co-applicant on MoEML’s 2012 SSHRC Insight Grant.Roles played in the project
-
Abstract Author
-
Author
-
Conceptor
-
Editor
-
Encoder
-
Geo-Coordinate Researcher
-
Markup Editor
-
Post-Conversion Editor
-
Programmer
-
Proofreader
-
Researcher
Contributions by this author
Martin D. Holmes is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:
Martin D. Holmes is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Locations
-
Alderman Bury
According to Stow, Alderman Bury was the meeting place of the Court of Aldermen before the completion of the Guild Hall in 1431 (Stow 1598, sig. Q4r). Alderman Bury stood on the east side of Aldermanbury street, just to the west of its successor, the Guild Hall. In Stow’s time, the site of the demolished Alderman Bury, whose ruins were still visible, was used as a carpenter’s yard (Stow 1598, sig. Q4r). This site is not to be confused with Aldermanbury, the street which ran north-south between Love Lane and Lad Lane.Alderman Bury is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Almshouses (St. Giles Cripplegate) is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Almshouses (Wood Street)
The Almshouses of Wood Street were located on the east side of the street, south of Bowyers’ Hall. Carlin and Belcher note that the almshouses were built in 1416by request to the Skinners’ Company of mayor Henry Barton
(Carlin and Belcher 64).Almshouses (Wood Street) is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Amen Corner is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Antelope (Southwark)
The Antelope (Southwark) and Suffolk House were the two messuages that King Edward VI kept in Bridge Without Ward after he resigned his right as lord of the manor in 1550 (Cunningham 72). John Stow notes that after 1550, King Edward VI continued to own his park in Southwark, which included the grounds called the Antelope (Stow 1633, sig. 2P5v).Antelope (Southwark) is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Artillery Yard is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Atrium (St. Paul’s)
The Atrium near St. Paul’s Cathedral was located on the west side of the cathedral, adjacent to St. Peter’s College Rents and the Stationers’ Hall.Atrium (St. Paul’s) is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Austin Friars
Austin Friars was a church on the west side of Broad Street in Broad Street Ward. It was formerly part of the Priory of Augustine Friars, established in 1253. At the dissolution of the monastery in 1539,the West end [of the church] thereof inclosed from the steeple, and Quier, was in the yeare 1550. graunted to the Dutch Nation in London [by Edward VI], to be their preaching place
(Stow). TheQuier and side Isles to the Quier adioyning, he reserued to housholde vses, as for stowage of corne, coale, and other things
(Stow). The church, completely rebuilt in the nineteenth century and then again mid-way through the twentieth century, still belongs to Dutch Protestants to this day.Austin Friars is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Bangor Inn is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Banqueting House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Barbican Tower
Barbican Tower was a watchtower or barbican to the northeast of the London Wall. According to Stow, Henry III ordered the tower’s demolition in 1267 in response to the Second Barons’ War (Stow 1598, sig. E2v), though Harben suggests that the tower was later rebuilt (Harben). The site was granted to Robert Efforde in 1336 and became Barbican Manor (Stow 1598, sig. E2v).Barbican Tower is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Barkley’s Inn is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Barnards Inn is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Bath Inn
In terms of the history of the site, Victor Belcher and Martha Carlin note that Bath Inn was built in 1414 and by 1423 it wasinherited by Richard Hankeford who became Lord Fitzwaryn in the right of his wife
(Carlin and Belcher 74). As such, the site was known asFitzwaryn’s Inn.
When the property came into the ownership of John Bourchier, who became the Earl of Bath in 1536, the location became known asBath House
orBath Inn.
When the Earl of Bath sold the property in 1621, the name of the house changed again toBrook House
(Williams 525-7).Bath Inn is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Battle Bridge (Tooley Street)
Battle Bridge connected St. Olave Street with the road to Bermondsey and Horsleydown (Nichols 252). John Stow states that Battle Bridge was named after the Abbots of Battle Abbey, who built and repaired the bridge (Stow 1633, sig. 2R2r). The Abbots of Battle Abbey owned the Abbot of Battle’s Inn, which included the land surrounding Battle Bridge (Nichols 252). The site of the Abbot of Battle’s Inn and Battle Bridge is now marked by Battle Bridge Lane and Battle Bridge Stairs (Malden). Battle Bridge appears on Hogenberg and Braun’s 1572 map (Londinum Feracissimi Angliæ Regni Metropolis).Battle Bridge (Tooley Street) is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Baynard’s Castle
Located on the banks of the Thames, Baynard’s Castle was built sometime in the late eleventh centuryby Baynard, a Norman who came over with William the Conqueror
(Weinreb and Hibbert 129). The castle passed to Baynard’s heirs until one William Baynard,who by forfeyture for fellonie, lost his Baronie of little Dunmow
(Stow 1:61). From the time it was built, Baynard’s Castle wasthe headquarters of London’s army until the reign of Edward I
when it washanded over to the Dominican Friars, the Blackfriars whose name is still commemorated along that part of the waterfront
(Hibbert 10).Baynard’s Castle is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Bear (London Wall)
According to the 1520 map, Bear (London Wall) was located just outside of Cripplegate. Harben’s entry notes that a 1732 survey refers to it asCock or Bear Alley
(Harben).Bear (London Wall) is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Bear Garden
The Bear Garden was never a garden, but rather a polygonal bearbaiting arena whose exact locations across time are not known (Mackinder and Blatherwick 18). Labelled on the Agas map asThe Bearebayting,
the Bear Garden would have been one of several permanent structures—wooden arenas, dog kennels, bear pens—dedicated to the popular spectacle of bearbaiting in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.Bear Garden is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Beaurepair
The Beaurepair was a messuage which had numerous owners. In 1298 it belonged to Hamo Box and in 1329 and 1336 it belonged to the Rokesley family (Harben 59). The latest known date of ownership, according to Harben, is Agnes Preston in 1402 to whom a portion of it belonged (Harben 59). It isdescribed as a place
(Harben 59). Specifically, from 1286 to 1281 the site was describedwhere the hay is sold
and in a ruinous conditionas vacant land with stone walls
(Carlin and Belcher 65-6). -
Bedford House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Bishop of Hereford’s Inn is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Bishops of Winchester’s Stairs is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Bishop’s Hall is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Bishop’s Palace
Bishop’s Palace was located on the north-west side of St. Paul’s Church. It was bordered on the north by Paternoster Row and on the west by Ave Maria Lane. Agas coordinates are based on coordinates provided by Harben and supplemented by Stow.Bishop’s Palace is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Black Hall is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Black Horse Court is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Blackfriars (Holborn)
Standing just west of Holborn Bridge, the site that would become the original Blackfriars precinct was acquired by the Dominican friars (known in England as the Black friars) circa 1223 through a donation from Hubert de Burgh. Over the next forty years, the friary expanded westward to Shoe Lane and southward along the Fleet to Smallbridge Lane. By the 1270s, the site occupied 4 acres and contained a church, a chapter house, and one or two wings of accommodation. The friars left the Holborn friary in the 1280s to establish a new friary, Blackfriars (Farringdon Within), on a more prestigious site. The Holborn site was sold in 1286 to Henry de Lacy (Holder 1–26).Blackfriars (Holborn) is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Blackfriars (St. Bartholomew’s)
The third house of the Dominican friars (known in England as the Black friars) in London stood at the former Augustinian canons’ house at St. Bartholomew’s. With the return of Catholic worship under Mary I in 1553, two decades after the break with Rome, the city saw the restoration of monastic lands that had fallen into private hands after the Dissolution of the Monasteries. The Black friars refounded their London friary in 1556. However, their renewed presence was short lived; the death of Mary and her archbishop, Reginald Pole, in 1558 heralded the end of royal support for the friary. By the end of 1559, the friars had left St. Bartholomew’s and would never return to London (Holder 57-60).Blackfriars (St. Bartholomew’s) is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Blackfriars Stairs
According to Carlin and Belcher, these stairs werepossibly constructed [in] 1294
(66). Henry A. Harben elaborates:In 1294 a quay was in course of construction at the house of the Friars Preachers, and in the description of the house and precinct as it stood at the death of Thomas Cawardine, Gap in transcription. Reason: Editorial omission for reasons of length or relevance. Use only in quotations in born-digital documents.[…] mention is made of the lane which led to the ’comon Staires of the Thames’ as one of the boundaries
(79). The aforementioned lane is Water Lane.Blackfriars Stairs is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Blackwell Hall is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Blue Boar is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Bread Street Market
Stow says that by 1302 the bakers in London were obligated to sell their bread at a central market, eventually giving its name to Breadstreet (Stow 1598, sig. T4r).Bread Street Market is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Brewers’ Key is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Bridewell Precinct is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Broken Seld
The functions of Broken Seld are diverse and manifold: Henry A. Harben notes that it isDescribed variously as a place, a tavern and a tenement on the south side of Westchepe opposite le Standard in the Ward of Bread Street in the parish of St. Mary Magdalen, Milk Street
(Harben 109). Harben also notes that its earliest mention of the location is in 1312 andin 1412 it had been raised to the dignity of a sheriff’s Comter
(Harben 109).Broken Seld is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Broken Wharf
A wharf opposite of St. Mary Somerset Church.Broken Wharf is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Bull Baiting
Bull Baiting is depicted on the Agas map next to Bear Garden, with the labelBolle bayting,
although the existence of an arena separate from the Bear Garden is disputed. See the relevant section in Bear Garden article.Bull Baiting is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Bunhill Field is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Burges Court is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Camera Dianæ
Directly translating toThe Chamber of Diana,
Camera Dianæ
orCamera Diana
was located in Castle Baynard Ward near the Doctors’ Commons by Paul’s Wharf Hill.Camera Dianæ is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Cannon Row is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Capel’s House
Capel’s House, or Capel Court, was so named after Sir William Capel, mayor of London in 1503. The location was referred to asShip Court
orShip Yard
in the seventeenth and eigheteenth centuries andBlack Swan Yard
orBlack Swan Yard, formerly Ship Yard
around 1775 (Harben 122). Henry Harben notes that[t]his house stood on the site of the Stock Exchange at the end of Capel Court
(Harben 122). The location of Capel’s House was directly west of the Abbot of St. Alban’s Inn and east of where Saint Bartholomew Lane meets Bread Street.Capel’s House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Carmelite Friary
Also known as White Friars, the House of the Carmelite was founded by Sir Richard Gray in 1241 (Harben 624). After Henry VIII granted the land to private individuals, such as when it was granted to William Butts in 1540,the church and house fell into disrepair and were pulled down, or rebuilt, so that within a comparatively short period of time the monastic buildings had completely disappeared and the site was covered by small courts and alleys
(Harben 625). In 1580,[t]he inhabitants of the precinct claimed Gap in transcription. Reason: Editorial omission for reasons of length or relevance. Use only in quotations in born-digital documents.[…] to be exempt from the jurisdiction of the City and to enjoy their liberties as the friars had done before them
(Harben 625). They were granted privileges in 1608 by James I, but said privileges were abolished in 1697 by [an] Act of Parliament (Harben 625). -
Carpenters’ Yard is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Carter Court is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Charing Cross
Charing Cross was one of twelve memorial crosses erected by King Edward I in memory of his wife, Eleanor of Castile. The cross wasbuilded of stone
andwas of old time a fayre péece of work
(Stow 1598, sig. 2B3r). It stood for three and a half centuries, but by thebeginning of the 17th century [the cross] had fallen into a very ruinous condition
(Sugden). It, as well as the other crosses, was condemned in 1643 and demolished in 1647.Charing Cross is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Charlton House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Chartesey House
A house once belonging to the Abbots of Chartsey. Near Boss Alley (Queenhithe).Chartesey House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Chertsey House
This messuage is not identified on the Agas Map but Prockter and Taylor label a house in this vicinityGhertsey House
(Prockter and Taylor 21). Stow talks about an inn used by the abbots of Chertsey Abbey in Surrey,wherein they were lodged when they repayred to the Citie
(Stow 2:11).Chertsey House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
City Ditch
The city ditch was part of London’s medieval defence system that ran along the outside of the wall from the Tower to Fleet River. According to Stow, the ditch was referred to as Houndsditch becausemuch filth (conveyed forth of the Citie) especially dead dogs, were there laid or cast
(Stow 1633, sig. M1v). The ditch was filled in and covered with garden plots by the time of Stow’s 1598 Survey.City Ditch is mentioned in the following documents:
-
City Dog House
The City Dog House, located in northern London, was adjacent to Moorfields and was located outside of The Wall and the city wards. On the Agas map, it is labelled asDogge hous.
Built in 1512, the Lord Mayor’s dog house, as it was most frequently called, housed the Lord Mayor’s hunting dogs.City Dog House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Clements Inn is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Clerkenwell Close is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Clerkenwell Green is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Clifford’s Inn is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Cloth Fair
Cloth Fair, as implied by its name, bears an innate connection to London’s mercantile culture. Henry A. Harben notes that it[d]erives its name from the clothiers and drapers who inhabited it in former times, and attended the famous Bartholomew Fair
(Harben 154). The location itself was on the Fair Ground between Long Lane and St. Bartholomew the Great.Cloth Fair is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Cock Court is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Cock’s Rents (Bishopsgate)
Very little is known about Cock’s Rents other than its general location. It is not located on any of the maps in the early modern era, but Henry Harben notes that Cock’s Rents were[i]n St. Catherine’s precinct
(Harben 159).Cock’s Rents (Bishopsgate) is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Cokedon Hall
Little is known about Cokedon Hall, but Carlin and Belcher note that it was in existence around 1316 (Carlin and Belcher 69). Stow records the location of the site in noting that the hall wassometime at the South west end of Marte lane I reade of
(Stow 1:132).Cokedon Hall is mentioned in the following documents:
-
College of Arms is mentioned in the following documents:
-
College of Physicians is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Compter Alley
Initially named for its proximity to the Poultry Compter, Compter Alley is now Chapel Place (Poultry) (Ekwall 172). Directly south of the Grocers’ Hall, the alley ran from the Poultry Compter to Poultry.Compter Alley is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Convent of the Holy Well is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Cook’s Row is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Cornet Stoure
Also known as theKings house
orCornet stoure at Buckles bury,
Edward III’s Cornet Stoure is described in the 1633 edition of Stow’s Survey of London as beingone ancient and strong Tower of stone the which Tower King Edward the third, in the eighteenth of his reign, by the name of the Kings house, called Cornet stoure in London
(Stow 1633, sig. 2A6r). In terms of the function of the site, Stow notes that Edward III appointed the location to be his exchange andgave the same Tower to his College
around 1358 (Stow 1633, sig. 2A6r).Cornet Stoure is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Covent Garden is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Cradle Court (Addle Hill) is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Cradle Court (Aldersgate Street) is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Crosby Hall is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Cross Bones Graveyard
A graveyard for London prostitutes also called asingle women’s’ church yard
by John Stow. The Cross Bones served as a burial place for women deprived of a Christian burial because of their association with the brothels of Southwark.Cross Bones Graveyard is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Crossed Friars
One of the smallest London friaries, Crossed Friars (also known as Crouched Friars or Crutched Friars) housed the Bretheren of the Holy Cross. Despite John Stow’s assertion that the friary was founded in 1298 (Stow 1:147), it is first mentioned by Henry III in 1269, which suggests that Raph Hosiar and William Sabernes gave their founding bequest some time in that decade. Over the next three (or possibly four) centuries, the friars added a dozen more tenaments to the precinct. By the early fourteenth century, the friary occupied over two acres of land south of Hart Street (later dubbed Crutched Friars) that ran along the west side of Woodroffe Lane to Tower Hill. Compared to friaries such as Blackfriars and Greyfriars, Crossed Friars was humble, and the friars’ plan to expand their church was interrupted in 1538 by the Dissolution of the Monasteries (Holder 142–159).Crossed Friars is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Crown Court (Warwick Lane)
Stow mentions asigne of the Crowne
and later aBrewhouſe called the Crowne
located on the east side of Warwicke Lane near Newgate Market on the northern boundary of Castle Baynard Ward (Stow 1633, sig. 2M4v, 2M6v). Harben mentions aCrown Court
out of Warwicke Lane in Castle Baynard Ward while Strype mentions aCrown Inn
with a passage to Newgate Market (Harben; Strype 230). We have listed these locations as the same in lieu of further information. Agas Map coordinates are based on geographical information given by Stow and supplemented by Harben and Strype.Crown Court (Warwick Lane) is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Crown Yard is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Cuckold’s Haven
Cuckold’s Haven or Cuckold’s Point and the horn-topped pole that stood on the banks of the Thames were notorious in early modern London. The location was known for adultery both committed and threatened, and was referred to widely in the period’s literature. The Horne Faire of Charlton celebrated the association of the site with an act of cuckoldry involving King John. Cuckoldry had its own vocabulary at the time, reflecting both the anxieties of the social structure and the difference in moral perceptions from our present time. The landmark is no longer present but renewed interest in the site and a revival of the Horne Faire in Horn Fair Park has begun in recent years.Cuckold’s Haven is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Custom House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Deep Ditch
Running north-to-south, Deep Ditch was the boundary between the Moorfields and Bethlehem Hospital. Henry Harben describes the history of the site as follows:In Agas’ map a stream is shown here flowing into the City Ditch, which may be the remains of the Walbrook, the bed of which has been found under Blomfield Street, and might be referred to by Stow at that time as a ditch Gap in transcription. Reason: Editorial omission for reasons of length or relevance. Use only in quotations in born-digital documents. ()[…] It had been filled up in this part of its course, and had disappeared by 1658 Gap in transcription. Reason: Editorial omission for reasons of length or relevance. Use only in quotations in born-digital documents. ()[…] (Harben 195)
Deep Ditch is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Deputy’s Court is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Devonshire Court is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Doctors’ Commons (Knightrider Street)
Formerly Mountjoy’s Inn, the Doctors’ Commons, Knightrider Street was the meeting place for the Doctors’ Commons,where they kept a common table and built up a precious library of foreign law books
(Baker 180). Eventually, the Doctors’ Commons, Knightrider Street housed five courts: the Court of Arches, the Prerogative Court, the Court of Faculties and Dispensations, the Consistory Court of the Bishop of London, and the High Court of Admiralty (Harben). Henry Harben notes that the building burned down in the Great Fire of 1666 and was subsequently rebuilt on the same site (Harben). The building was sold in 1865 after the Doctors’ Commons was dissolved (Baker 181).Doctors’ Commons (Knightrider Street) is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Doctors’ Commons (Paternoster Row)
Described by Walter Thornbury as asmall inconvenient house in Paternoster Row,
the Doctors’ Commons, Paternoster Row was the medieval meeting place for the Doctors’ Commons. After the Doctors’ Commons relocated to the Doctors’ Commons, Knightrider Street, their building in Paternoster Row became the location of the Queen’s Head Tavern (Thornbury).Doctors’ Commons (Paternoster Row) is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Draper’s Almshouses is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Drawbridge Tower
Drawbridge Tower was located on London Bridge, at the northernmost end of the drawbridge (Harben, London Bridge; Stow 1633, sig. F4v). Traitors’ heads were displayed on the tower until it was rebuilt in 1577 (Stow 1633, sig. F4v).Drawbridge Tower is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Drinkwater Wharf is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Drury House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Dudley’s House
Dudley’s House was located just north of Candlewick Street, before it meets Walbrook Street. According to Stow, the house belonged to Edmond Dudley during the reign of King Henry VII (Stow 1:224).Dudley’s House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Dune’s House
Dune House was located in Tower Street Ward. Stow described it as afayre house
with ahigh tower of Bricke
that was built by one of the owners, Sir John Champneys, toouerlooke his neighboures
(Stow 97).Dune’s House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Dycekey
Named such by 1458, and may also beidentified with Dentoneswharf, held by John Dys
(Carlin and Belcher 72).Dycekey is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Dyers’ Court is mentioned in the following documents:
-
East India House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Ely Place is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Empson’s House
During Henry VII’s reign, Sir Richard Empson occupied this house. Stow notes how Empson’s House and Dudley’s House hada dore of entercourse into
the garden belonging to Tortington’s Innwherein they met & consulted of matters at their pleasures
(Stow 1:177).Empson’s House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Fair Ground
The Fair sat[u]pon [a] portion of the ground now known as Smithfield (that is, smooth field), bordering upon the marsh, great elm trees grew, and it was known as The Elms. The king’s market perhaps was held among the trees; but on the marsh the Priory was founded, around which was held the fair
(Morley 9). According to Sugden:[i]ts frequenters were called [Bartholomew] Birds Gap in transcription. Reason: Editorial omission for reasons of length or relevance. Use only in quotations in born-digital documents.[…] There was abundant eating and drinking Gap in transcription. Reason: Editorial omission for reasons of length or relevance. Use only in quotations in born-digital documents.[…] Drums, gingerbread, and ugly dolls were to be bought for children. Puppet-plays were performed, and monsters of all kinds exhibited. Ballad singers plied their trade, and pick-pockets and rogues of all kinds made the Fair a happy hunting ground. Wrestling matches and the chasing of live rabbits by boys formed part of the fun. (Sugden 48)
Fair Ground is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Falcon Yard is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Ficket’s Field is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Finsbury Court is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Finsbury Field
Finsbury Field is located in northen London outside the London Wall. Note that MoEML correctly locates Finsbury Field, which the label on the Agas map confuses with Mallow Field (Prockter 40). Located nearby is Finsbury Court. Finsbury Field is outside of the city wards within the borough of Islington (Mills 81).Finsbury Field is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Fisher’s Folly
Fisher’s Folly was a large house on the east side of Bishopsgate Street, within the boundary of Bishopsgate Ward and a few houses away from the Dolphin Inn. Fisher’s Folly is not marked on the Agas map. By 1620, the house was occupied by the Earls of Devonshire and was renamedDevonshire House
(Harben 196).Fisher’s Folly is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Fleet Ditch is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Fountain Court is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Furnivals Inn is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Galley Row
Galley Row was a short quadrant on the south side of Tower Street between Harp lane and the eastern end of Church lane, so calledbecause Galley men dwelled there
(Stow).Galley Row is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Garland in Little Eastcheap is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Ghertsey House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Glass House (Blackfriars) is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Golden Lion is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Goodman’s Fields is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Gray’s Inn
Gray’s Inn was one of the four Inns of Court.Gray’s Inn is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Gresham House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Greyfriars
Enduring for over three centuries, longer than any other London friary, Greyfriars garnered support from both England’s landed elite and common Londoners. Founded in 1225 on a tenament donated by London Mercer John Iwyn, Greyfriars housed London’s Franciscan Friars (known in England as the Grey Friars). The friary expanded from its original pittance of land on the west side of Stinking Lane to over four-and-a-half acres by 1354. With the patronage of Queens Margaret, Isabella, and Philippa throughout the fourteenth century, the Franciscans constructed a formidable church, London’s third largest after St. Paul’s and Westminster Abbey. After the friary’s closure in 1538 pursuant to the Dissolution of the Monasteries, the church became the centre of the newly established Christ Church parish, and the cloisters housed Christ’s Hospital (Holder 66–96).Greyfriars is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Greyhound Court is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Griste’s House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Grocers’ Almshouses is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Guildhall Library
The Guildhall Library was constructed for use by members of the Guildhall, although Victor Belcher and Martha Carlin note that it was open to the public. Carlin and Belcher further note that the Library wasbuilt in stone in 1423-5
and had a layout that consisted of3 chambers on ground floor with library above
(Carlin and Belcher 76).Guildhall Library is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Guildhall Yard
Guildhall Yard was a square outside Guildhall.Guildhall Yard is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Gunfoundry
The Gunfoundry was a large house and enclosed yard on the north side of Houndsditch where cannon andBrasse Ordinance
were made (Stow). It was in Portsoken Ward. According to Stow, it was set up in the reign of Henry VIII by the threebrethren Gap in transcription. Reason: Editorial omission for reasons of length or relevance. Use only in quotations in born-digital documents.[…] surnamed Owens
(Stow).Gunfoundry is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Half Moon
Half Moon was a messuage with a garden in East Smithfield. According to the 1633 edition of John Stow’s Survey of London, Ralfe Carter gave the messuage todivers Feoffees, between the Parishes of Alhallowes in Lumbard-street, and Saint Andrews Vndershaft
(Stow 1633, sig. O6r).Half Moon is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Hampton Court is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Hand Court is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Hare Court is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Hare House
According to Walter George Bell, Hare House was a property in Ram Alley left by John Bowser and Humphrey Street in 1584upon trust for 1,000 years, that every Sunday thirteen pennyworth of bread should be given to thirteen poor people of the parish after service in St. Dunstan’s church
(Bell 296).Hare House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Hatfield House
Hatfield House, generally termed Hatfield Palace or Old Palace to refer to the location prior to its renovation in 1611, is perhaps best remembered as the childhood home of Elizabeth I. Originally constructed in 1497 by John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury, the house was seized by Henry VIII during the English Reformation. In the reign of James I, the house was relinquished to Robert Cecil, who demolished large sections of the palace and repurposed the materials into the structure that still stands (Cecil 13-161).Hatfield House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Hatton Garden is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Hayʼs Wharf
Named after its owner, Alexander Hay, Hayʼs Wharf was a granary and brewery located between Tooley Street and the Thames (Hayʼs Wharf).Hayʼs Wharf is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Heneadge House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Hermitage Dock is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Highbury is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Holborn Cross is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Holborn Hall is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Holborn Hill is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Horner’s Key is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Hyde Park
According to Weinreb, Hibbert, Keay, and Keay, Hyde Park was the largest of the royal parks. The land was used as a hunting ground from 1536 to 1768, Henry VIII adopting Hyde Park for personal use after the dissolution of the monasteries. In the early seventeenth century, the park was opened for public use (Weinreb, Hibbert, Keay, and Keay 423).Hyde Park is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Inner Temple
Inner Temple was one of the four Inns of CourtInner Temple is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Jews’ Cemetary
Prior to being renamedJews’ Garden
around the time of the thirteenth-century expulsion of the Jews, the location was known as theJews’ Cemetery.
Victor Belcher and Martha Carlin note that the cemetery wasuntil 1177 the only Jewish cemetery in England
(Carlin and Belcher 78). The cemetary was variously known asle Juesgardyn
Jewesgardin,
Le Jewengardyn,
andJewengardyn
(Harben 322). Stow discusses the cemetery in his survey of Cripplegate Ward, nothing that theIewes Garden
is now turned into faire garden plots and sommer houses for pleasure
(Stow 1:241). The location was just outside of the City Wall, near the church of St. Giles, Cripplegate.Jews’ Cemetary is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Kennington
Kennington was a region, originally a manor, south of Lambeth. In Stow’s time the area had few buildings and itsgeneral impression
wasof an area of meadow and pasture chequered by drainage channels
(Sheppard, F.H.W.).Kennington is mentioned in the following documents:
-
King’s College Mansion
Stow refers to King’s College Mansion variously as thePrior of Okebornes House.
In recording the history of the location, Stow records the location by describing it asone great Messuage, of old time belonging to the Priorie of Okeborne in Wilshire, and was the Priors lodging when he repayred to London
(Stow 2:13-14). Stow further notes that the mansion was given to King’s College, Cambridge. In terms of its location, the site was located in Castle Baynard Ward just north of the Blackfriars Stars, on the east side of Water Lane.King’s College Mansion is mentioned in the following documents:
-
King’s House in Cornhill
Stow recounts a common belief relating to the Pope’s Head Tavern and the other stone buildings surrounding it: that it was at some point the property of the monarch, possibly as far back as King John (Stow 1598, sig. L6r). Sugden accepts this as a possibility, but other writers have been skeptical (Sugden 418); Joseph Moser, writing in The European Magazine, and London Review, says thatit has been ſaid, that the Pope’s Head Tavern, Cornhill, was formerly one of King John’s palaces; but this ſuggestion aroſe merely from its having upon its front Gap in transcription. Reason: Editorial omission for reasons of length or relevance. Use only in quotations in born-digital documents.[…] the arms of England before the time of Edward the IIId Gap in transcription. Reason: Editorial omission for reasons of length or relevance. Use only in quotations in born-digital documents.[…] : therefore a much more probable conjecture is, that, even in thoſe early days, this houſe was a tavern, and that the achievement which we have juſt noticed was intended for a ſign. (Moser 14)
King’s House in Cornhill is mentioned in the following documents:
-
King’s Wardrobe
The King’s Wardrobe, built in the 14th century between St. Andrew’s Hill and Addle Hill near Blackfriars Precinct, was originally a repository for royal clothing, but later housed offices of the royal household and became a key seat of government (Sugden 557). Stow explains its significance:In this houſe of late yeares, is lodged Sir Iohn Forteſcue, knight, Maiſter of the Wardrobe, Chancellor and vnder Treaſu
rer of the Exchequer, and one of her Maieſties Priuy Councel. The ſecret letters & writings touching the eſtate of the realme, were wont to be introlled in the kings Wardrobe, and not in the Chauncery, as appeareth by the Records. (Stow 1598, sig. U6r)King’s Wardrobe is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Kirkebies Castle is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Kitchens by the Guildhall is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Leaden Porch is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Leadenhall is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Leadenhall Manor is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Lewes Inn is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Library of Gray-Friars is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Lincoln’s Inn
Lincoln’s Inn was one of the four Inns of Court.Lincoln’s Inn is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Lincoln’s Inn Fields
According to Carlin and Belcher, Lincoln’s Inn Fields were formerly referred to asCup Field
orPurse Field
(Carlin and Belcher 84). The namesake for the location is Lincoln’s Inn, one of the Inns of Court. The fields were located east of Lincoln’s Inn and west of Covent Garden.Lincoln’s Inn Fields is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Lion Tower
Lion Tower, also called the Barbican and the Bulwark, was a defensive structure located near the southwest corner of the Tower of London (Carlin and Belcher; Historical Towns Trust). The tower was built in the reign of Edward I (Carlin and Belcher). It was known asLion Tower
because lions and leopards were housed there, along with their keepers, in the reign of Henry III and of Edward III (Stow 1633, sig. E3v). It is labelledLion Tower (Barbican)
on the 1520 map (A Map of Tudor London, 1520).Lion Tower is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Little Bailey is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Little Tower Hill
Little Tower Hill was a common northeast of the Tower of London, between East Smithfield and the Minories. According to Stow, it had becomegreatly diminished by building of tenements and garden plots
by 1593, flanked to the north and west bycertaine faire Almes houses, strongly builded of Bricke and timber, and couered with slate for the poore
(Stow).Little Tower Hill is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Loders Well is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Loke in Southwark
The Loke in Southwark was a lazar house which was used to quarantine people who had leprosy (Stow 1633, sig. 2R2v). The Loke in Southwark was located in Kent Street, just south of the area depicted on the Agas map.Loke in Southwark is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Lollard’s Tower
A prison for bishops, Lollard’s Tower was made up of two stone towers originally meant for bells at two corners on the west end of St. Paul’s.Lollard’s Tower is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Lombard’s Place
Lombard’s Place, also known asLumbardi’s place in Botolph Lane
orGreat Lombard’s Place
was possibly, according to Henry Harben,[A] place of residence or of meeting for the Lombard merchants in london at this time [1483-5], similar to the one in Clement’s Lane
(Harben 358). Specifically, Lombard’s Place is associated with Gabriel de Urs and Peter Conteryn, both Venetian merchants in the late fifteenth century (Harben 358). The house was located just north of Thames Street, between Botolph’s Lane and Love Lane.Lombard’s Place is mentioned in the following documents:
-
London Stone
London Stone was, literally, a stone that stood on the south side of what is now Cannon Street (formerly Candlewick Street). Probably Roman in origin, it is one of London’s oldest relics. On the Agas map, it is visible as a small rectangle between Saint Swithin’s Lane and Walbrook Street, just below thend
consonant cluster in the labelLondonſton.
London Stone is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Long Shop (Cheapside)
Long Shop (Cheapside) was, according to Victor Belcher and Martha Carlin, built in 1401 (Carlin and Belcher 79). On the Agas Map, Long Shop (Cheapside) is obscured by Cheapside Cross.Long Shop (Cheapside) is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Ludgate Hill
Ludgate Hill, also known as Fleet Hill, ran east-west from St. Paul’s Churchyard, past Ludgate, to an undetermined point before Fleet Bridge. It was the raised portion of the greater Ludgate Street leading up out of Fleet Street. The hill is labelledFlete hyll
on the Agas map.Ludgate Hill is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Lyon’s Inn is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Maidenhead Court is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Mallow Field is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Manor of Ponington is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Manor of the Maze is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Manor of the Rose
Manor of the Rose was a residence on Suffolk Lane in Dowgate Ward. According to Stow, the building was converted into the Merchant Taylors’ School, in 1561 (Stow 1598, sig. N7r).Manor of the Rose is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Maypole Socket
The Maypole Socket existed at least from 1477 and was destroyed in 1549 as an idol due to its innate association with Paganism.Maypole Socket is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Meg’s Glory is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Merchant Taylors’ Almshouses is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Merchant Taylors’ School
Merchant Taylors’ School was a grammar school founded by The Merchant Taylors’ Company in 1561. According to Stow, The Merchant Taylors’ Company bought the Manor of the Rose on Suffolk Lane to serve as the building for the school (Stow 1598, sig. N7r). This building was destroyed in the Fire, and a new building was constructed on the same site in 1674–1675.Merchant Taylors’ School is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Middle Temple
Middle Temple was one of the four Inns of CourtMiddle Temple is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Middle Temple Gate-house
Part of the Middle Temple complex, repaired by Sir Amias Paulet in the reign of Henry VIII.Middle Temple Gate-house is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Miller’s Court is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Monte Jovis Inn is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Montfichet’s Tower is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Moorfields
A low-lying marshy area just northeast of Moorgate and on the way to the Curtain, Moorfields was home to a surprising range of activities and accompanying cultural associations in early modern London. Beggars and the mentally ill patients of neighbouring Bethlehem Hospital often frequented the area. Some used the public space to bleach and dry linen, and the Honorable Artillery Company also used it as an official training ground. Moorfields was even a popular suburban destination for ice skating when its water froze during the winter. Moorfields was generallyfull of noysome waters
(Stow 2:77) until 1605–1607, when it was successfully drained, levelled, and beautified with tree-lined pedestrian pathways. At this point, it transformed into a fashionable place for the genteel to see and to be seen. The history of Moorfields provides insight into social, political, environmental, and medical issues in early modern London.Moorfields is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Mount Calvary is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Mountjoy’s Inn (Knightrider Street)
Mountjoy’s Inn, known variously as Monte Jovis Inn or Montjufusyn was, according to Victor Belcher and Martha Carlin,founded by Henry II as a cell to the Hospital de Monte Jovis on the Great St Bernard Pass
(Carlin and Belcher 80). Stow observes that the house wasfair and large
(qtd. in Carlin and Belcher 81).Mountjoy’s Inn (Knightrider Street) is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Nettleton Court is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Neville’s House and Garden
Neville’s House and Garden, known variously asWestmorland Place,
was so called based on its association with Ralph Neville in the fourteenth century. Victor Belcher and Martha Carlin note that the house was also known asNeville’s Inn
and simplyNeville’s House
(Carlin and Belcher 98). Stow describes the location in writing,I reade also of another great house in the west side of Limestreete, hauing a Chappel on the south, and a Garden on the west, then belonging to the Lord Neuill Gap in transcription. Reason: Editorial omission for reasons of length or relevance. Use only in quotations in born-digital documents.[…]
(Stow 1:151).Neville’s House and Garden is mentioned in the following documents:
-
New Church Haw
According to Stow, New Church Haw was a graveyard consecrated in 1349 with an adjoining church (Stow 1598, sig. 356). It later became the site of a Carthusian Monastery, and then Charterhouse (Residence).New Church Haw is mentioned in the following documents:
-
New Exchange
The New Exchange was built by Sir Robert Cecil on the south side of The Strand between York House in the west and the Durham House gatehouse. It was also called Britain’s Burse by James I at the opening ceremony in 1609.New Exchange is mentioned in the following documents:
-
New Inn
One of the Inns of Chancery.New Inn is mentioned in the following documents:
-
New Seld
Also referred to asNew Seldam,
Crownside,
orTamerslide,
New Seld was a building that, according to the 1633 edition of Stow’s Survey of London, was an edifice locatedin the Mercery in West Cheape Gap in transcription. Reason: Editorial omission for reasons of length or relevance. Use only in quotations in born-digital documents.[…] under Bow Church. in the Pa-rish of St. Mary de Arcubus in London
(Stow 1633, sig. 2B3r).New Seld is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Nine Gardens
The[g]ardens and tenements [were] recorded in Leet [in] 1536 as marking [the] boundary of Tower Liberty
(Carlin and Belcher 81). -
Northumberland House (Aldersgate) is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Northumberland House (Crutched Friars Lane)
Northumberland House was a stately home in Crutched Friars Lane, south of Aldgate. It was built by and named after Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, in 1455 (Harben). Stow records that by 1598, the house had been abandoned and that the gardens had been turned into one of the first bowling alleys, where all and sundry could bowl and gamble.Northumberland House (Crutched Friars Lane) is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Nunnery of St. Mary Clerkenwell is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Old Barge is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Old Cross (Cheapside)
The Old Cross on Cheapside Street had long been demolished by the early modern era, but its memory persised well into the 16th and 17th centuries via texts like the 1633 edition John Stow’s A Survey of London. The survey of Cheapside Ward recalls that the Old Crossstood and remained at the East end of the Parish Church, called S. Michael in the Corne by Pauls gate, neer to the North end of the Old-Exchange, till the yeere 1390,
when the Old Cross was demolished to make way for the expansion of St. Michael Le Querne (Stow 1633, sig. 2B2v). Culturally, the Old Cross is perhaps best remembered as the place where Walter Stapledon was executed in 1326 (Stow 1633, sig. 2B2v).Old Cross (Cheapside) is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Old Swan Brewhouse
Three houses east of the cooks’ house Sign of King David. -
Oysterhill
Henry Harben describes Oysterhill as beingin the parish of St. Magnus, adjoining Bridge streetGap in transcription. Reason: The text has been abridged or truncated by an editor for some reason.[…] Probably the lane leading up from the river from Oystergate and Old London Bridge and sometimes itself called
(Harben 454). Victor Belcher and Martha Carlin note that Oysterhill was also known asOystergate
Osterhull
(Carlin and Belcher 82).Oysterhill is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Paddington is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Pardon Churchyard is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Paris Garden Manor House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Passeke’s Wharf is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Paul’s Bakehouse is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Paul’s Cross Churchyard
Paul’s Cross Churchyard, also known as the Cross Yard, is the area on the northeast side of St. Paul’s Cathedral. It was one of the principal bookselling areas in early modern London.Paul’s Cross Churchyard is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Pembroke’s Inn is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Peter Key
Tenements on the northern corner of St. Peter’s Hill Lane.Peter Key is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Petty France is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Pie Corner is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Pike Gardens
On the Agas map there are nine rectangular and square pike gardens, or artificial fishponds, located in the liberty of Southwark among the bear and bullbaiting arenas. These nine pike gardens, however, give only an approximate indication of the size, shape, and location of early modern London’s three major aquaculture operations—the Winchester House Pike Garden, the King’s (or Queen’s) Pike Garden, and the Great Pike Garden—each of which dates to the Middle Ages. These fishponds relied on two separate types of holding areas: the vivarium, or breeding pond, and the servatorium, or holding pond. To catch and sort fish, workers drained the shallow ponds through diversion conduits equipped with gates and sluices. Freshwater fish cultivated in estate gardens were considered a luxury dish well into the eighteenth century, especially the pike, an aggressive predator that was admired and feared in Izaak Walton’s 1653 angler guidebook.Pike Gardens is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Port of London is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Porter’s Key is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Powlet’s House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Prince’s Wardrobe is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Pulpit Cross at St. Mary Spital is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Queen’s House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Radwell is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Ratcliffe is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Red Lion Court is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Romeland is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Royal Exchange
Located in Broad Street Ward and Cornhill Ward, the Royal Exchange was opened in 1570 to make business more convenient for merchants and tradesmen (Harben 512). The construction of the Royal Exchange was largely funded by Sir Thomas Gresham (Weinreb, Hibbert, Keay, and Keay 718).Royal Exchange is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Sabb’s Dock is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Salisbury Court
According to Stow, the Salisbury Court was the temporary lodging house of the Bishops of Salisbury when called to London for various administrative duties (Stow 322).Salisbury Court is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Salisbury House
According to Stow, the Salisbury House was the temporary lodging house of the Bishops of Salisbury when called to London for various administrative duties (Stow 322).Salisbury House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Savoy Hospital
Savoy Hospital was located along The Strand in Westminster. Henry VII founded the hospital in 1505 (Slack 229–30). Stow writes that the hospital wasfor the reliefe of one hundreth poore people
(Stow 1598, sig. 2D7r). The hospital was suppressed by Edward VI and reendowed by Mary I. Savoy Hospital was finally dissolved in 1702, while its St. John the Baptist’s Chapel remains (Sugden 452).Savoy Hospital is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Scotland Yard is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Sempringham Court is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Sentlegar House
A house once belonging to the Sentlegar family in Southwark, eventually divided into tenements. Near to the Bridge House.Sentlegar House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Serjeants’ Inn (Chancery Lane) is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Serjeants’ Inn (Fleet Street) is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Sernes Tower
Sernes Tower was located in Cheap Ward on the north side of Bucklersbery (Harben). The tower changed hands several times. It was built in 1305 by William Servat to serve as his residence (Harben). Sometime between 1317 and 1318, the tower wasgranted for life
to Isabella of France and was most likely owned by Philippa of Hainault by 1338 (Carlin and Belcher). In 1344, Edward III made the tower into theKing’s Exchange
for gold and silver and, finally, gave it as a gift to St. Stephen’s, Westminster Palace in the thirty second year of his reign (Carlin and Belcher; Harben; Stow 1633, sig. F6v). The tower was destroyed during Stow’s lifetime (Carlin and Belcher Servat’s Tower).Sernes Tower is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Service Tower is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Sessions Hall
According to Stow, the Sessions Hall was on Old Bailey and was previously the house and court of the chamberlain of London (Stow 1598, sig. X6r).Sessions Hall is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Sion Court is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Smithfield
Smithfield was an open, grassy area located outside the Wall. Because of its location close to the city centre, Smithfield was used as a site for markets, tournaments, and public executions. From 1123 to 1855, the Bartholomew’s Fair took place at Smithfield (Weinreb, Hibbert, Keay, and Keay 842).Smithfield is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Soke of the Archbishop of Canterbury
A soke belonging to the Archbishop of Canterbury. Stow locates this building near the Blackfriars, although its exact location is not known.Soke of the Archbishop of Canterbury is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Somerset House
Somerset House (labelled asSomerſet Palace
on the Agas map) was a significant site for royalty in early modern London. Erected in 1550 on The Strand between Ivy Bridge Lane and Strand Lane, it was built for Lord Protector Somerset and was was England’s first Renaissance palace.Somerset House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
South Wall of St. Paul’s is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Southampton House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Spinilas Pleasure is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Spitalfields
Spitalfields was a large area of open fields east of Bishopsgate Street and a good distance north of Aldgate and Houndsditch. Spitalfields, also recorded asSpittlefields
andLollesworth,
is unmistakable on the Agas map. The large expanse of fields is clearly markedThe Spitel Fyeld.
There have been many relics unearthed during archeological excavations in Spitalfields.Spitalfields is mentioned in the following documents:
-
St. Anthony’s Churchyard
St. Anthony’s Churchyard lies directly to the northwest of St. Anthony’s Hospital.St. Anthony’s Churchyard is mentioned in the following documents:
-
St. Augustine Inn is mentioned in the following documents:
-
St. George Fields
Located in Southwark, St. George Fields was a popular open space for public gatherings. The fields provided the space for the welcoming of such guests as Catherine of Aragon and Charles II (Sugden).St. George Fields is mentioned in the following documents:
-
St. Giles Churchyard (Cripplegate) is mentioned in the following documents:
-
St. James Park is mentioned in the following documents:
-
St. James’s Palace is mentioned in the following documents:
-
St. Katherine Steps is mentioned in the following documents:
-
St. Katherine’s by the Tower (Precinct) is mentioned in the following documents:
-
St. Katherine’s Hermitage is mentioned in the following documents:
-
St. Paul’s Chapter House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
St. Paul’s Charnel House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
St. Paul’s Cloister is mentioned in the following documents:
-
St. Paul’s College is mentioned in the following documents:
-
St. Paul’s Cross is mentioned in the following documents:
-
St. Paul’s School is mentioned in the following documents:
-
St. Peter’s College Rents
St. Peter’s College Rents were located on the west side of St. Paul’s Cathedral, next to the Atrium and northwest of the Stationers’ Hall. The building was, as Carlin and Belcher note,founded by 1318 to house St. Paul’s chantry priests
(Carlin and Belcher 92).St. Peter’s College Rents is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Staple Inn
One of the Inns of Chancery.Staple Inn is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Star Chamber is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Stone Court is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Strand Inn
One of the Inns of Chancery.Strand Inn is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Swan Brewhouse is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Thavies Inn is mentioned in the following documents:
-
The Angel is mentioned in the following documents:
-
The Barge
The Barge was a tenement building located in Cheap Ward. The structure was the remains of a medieval manor house.The Barge is mentioned in the following documents:
-
The Black Loft
Stow locates The Black Loft of silver melting on Sermon Lane in Castle Baynard Ward (Stow 1633, sig. 2N1v). Agas map coordinates are based on this information. The precise function of the location remains unclear.The Black Loft is mentioned in the following documents:
-
The Castle
The Castle was a large stone house in Cornhill ward, located on the north side of Cornhill at the western side of the Royal Exchange. Part of it was removed for the expansion of the Royal Exchange in 1566, and is mentioned by Stow as being named for the Castle Tavern sign.The Castle is mentioned in the following documents:
-
The Cross (by St. Mary Graces)
The Cross wasa wayside cross or calvary
that Henry Harben describes as being present[i]n Agas’ map at the junction of the Minories and Little Tower Hill
(Harben 417).The Cross (by St. Mary Graces) is mentioned in the following documents:
-
The Deanery (St. Paul’s)
The Deanery at St. Paul’s Cathedral served as the residence for the dean of the cathedral from 1145 onward, eventually being reconstructed after its destruction in the Great Fire of London. In offering a reconstruction of the site based on the paintings in John Donne’s will, Schofield states thatin 1522 the deanery contained a hall, parlour, six chambers, two garrets, a chapel and ten feather beds
(Schofield 153).The Deanery (St. Paul’s) is mentioned in the following documents:
-
The Elms (Smithfield)
Located between Horsepool and the Fleet River, the Elms, as Stow notes, was a place of execution named after the once flourishing number of elm trees on site. Stow refers to the area asLe elmes
orle two elmys.
By Stow’s lifetime the expansion of London meant the namesake trees had been cut down.The Elms (Smithfield) is mentioned in the following documents:
-
The Green Gate
The Green Gate was a house on the south side of Leadenhall Street, east of Leadenhall in Lime Street Ward. Stow’s interest went beyond the building itself and its location; he was confounded by the misdemeanours that occurred within it. The Green Gate was the site of not one but two robberies.The Green Gate is mentioned in the following documents:
-
The Inns of Court
The four principal constituents of the Inns of Court were:The Inns of Court is mentioned in the following documents:
-
The King’s Storehouse
Erected by Sir Arthur Darcy on the site of the Abbey of St. Mary Graces, this storehouse was designated for the storage ofarmour, and habiliments of warre
(Stow 1:126).The King’s Storehouse is mentioned in the following documents:
-
The Lamb is mentioned in the following documents:
-
The Old Standard
In the 1633 edition of Stow’s Survey of London recalls that prior to the construction of The Standard, the Old Standard stood on the same site. According to Stow, The Old Standard was a sitewhere divers executions of the Law before-time had beene performed
(Stow 1633, sig. 2B2r). Stow further notes that the by the time the newer Standard was consctructed, the Old Standardwas very rui-nous with age, in which there was a Conduit should bee taken downe, and another competent Standard of stone, together with a Coduit in the same, of new, strongly to bee builded
(Stow 1633, sig. 2B2r).The Old Standard is mentioned in the following documents:
-
The Steelyard
The Steelyard was the chief outpost of the Hanseatic League in the city of London. Located on the north side of the River Thames, slightly west of London Bridge, the Steelyard was home to many wealthy German merchants from the 13th century to the end of the 16th century. Although it was a powerful economic force in the 15th and early 16th centuries, by the time of Elizabeth’s reign, piracy and economic sanctions had rendered the once great Steelyard obsolete (Lloyd 344-345).The Steelyard is mentioned in the following documents:
-
The Vintry is mentioned in the following documents:
-
The Wall
Originally built as a Roman fortification for the provincial city of Londinium in the second century C.E., the London Wall remained a material and spatial boundary for the city throughout the early modern period. Described by Stow ashigh and great
(Stow 1:8), the London Wall dominated the cityscape and spatial imaginations of Londoners for centuries. Increasingly, the eighteen-foot high wall created a pressurized constraint on the growing city; the various gates functioned as relief valves where development spilled out to occupy spacesoutside the wall.
The Wall is mentioned in the following documents:
-
The White Lion
The dwelling house of Richard Smith, which he gave to the parish of All Hallows Barking for the poor in the event that his children died without issue.The White Lion is mentioned in the following documents:
-
The Wrestlers (Lime Street Ward)
The Wrestlers was a house in Bishopsgate Ward located on the north side of Camomile Street, near the city wall and Bishopsgate (Stow). The house predates the Wrestlers Court located on the opposite (south) side of Camomile Street. Wrestlers Court was named after the house, which was later renamed Clark’s CourtThe Wrestlers (Lime Street Ward) is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Thorney is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Tottenham is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Toulebooth is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Tower Ditch
The Tower Ditch, or Tower Moat, was part of the Tower of London’s medieval defences. It was built by the Bishop of Ely William de Longchamp while Richard I was crusading in the Holy Land (1187-1192) (Harben). The ditch was used as a dumping ground for plague victim corpses, human waste from the Tower, and meat carcasses from East Smithfield market.Tower Ditch is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Tower Hill
Tower Hill was a large area of open ground north and west of the Tower of London. It is most famous as a place of execution; there was a permanent scaffold and gallows on the hillfor the execution of such Traytors or Transgressors, as are deliuered out of the Tower, or otherwise to the Shiriffes of London
(Stow).Tower Hill is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Tower Royal is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Town Ditch
A ditch to the north of Christ’s Hospital, filled in by 1552.Town Ditch is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Trig Stairs is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Trinity Court is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Tyburn
Tyburn is best known as the location of the principal gallows where public executions were carried out from the late 12th century until the 18th (Drouillard, Wikipedia). It was a village to the west of the city, near the present-day location of Marble Arch (beyond the boundary of the Agas Map). Its name derives from a stream, and its significance to Stow was primarily as one of the sources of piped water for the city; he describes howIn the yeare 1401. this priſon houſe called the Tunne was made a Ceſterne for ſweete water conueyed by pipes of Leade frõ the towne of Tyborne, and was from thence forth called the conduite vpon Cornhill Gap in transcription. Reason: Editorial omission for reasons of length or relevance. Use only in quotations in born-digital documents.[…] (Stow 1598, sig. L3r)
.Tyburn is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Vine Yard is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Wapping Mill
Standing along Nightingale Lane atthe middle of a Foord
that served as the boundary between the Parish of St. Mary Whitechapel and the Parish of St. Botolph, Aldgate (Stow 1633, sig. M2v), Wapping Mill is not featured on the Agas map.Wapping Mill is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Warwick’s Inn is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Watergate (Tower Street Ward) is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Weigh House
Weigh House was a building on the north side of Cornhill Ward that was used for weighing imported merchandise. While the house is not labelled on the Agas map, Mary Lobel and W. H. Johns suggest that it appears below the Merchant Taylor’s Hall (Lobel and Johns).Weigh House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Westminster Hall
Westminster Hall isthe only surviving part of the original Palace of Westminster
(Weinreb and Hibbert 1011) and is located on the west side of the Thames. It is located on the bottom left-hand corner of the Agas map, and is labelled asWeſtmynſter hall.
Originally built as an extension to Edward the Confessor’s palace in 1097, the hall served as the setting for banquets through the reigns of many kings.Westminster Hall is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Westminster Palace is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Westminster School is mentioned in the following documents:
-
White Bear Court is mentioned in the following documents:
-
White Horse Yard is mentioned in the following documents:
-
White Tower is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Whitefriars Stairs
Whitefrairs Stairs is located[a]t the south end of Waterman’s Lane on the Thames, west of Whitefriars Dock
(Harben 626). The site became known as such by 1666 (Carlin and Belcher 98); thesite [is] now covered by the Victoria Embankment
(Harben 626).Whitefriars Stairs is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Whitehall
Whitehall Palace, the Palace of Whitehall or simply Whitehall, was one of the most complex and sizeable locations in the entirety of early modern Europe. As the primary place of residence for monarchs from 1529 to 1698, Whitehall was an architectural testament to the shifting sociopolitical, religious, and aesthetic currents of Renaissance England. Edward H. Shugden describes the geospatial location of Whitehall in noting that[i]t lay on the left bank of the Thames, and extended from nearly the point where Westminster Bdge. now crosses the river to Scotland Yard, and from the river back to St. James’s Park
(Sugden 564-565).Whitehall is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Whittington College is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Winchester Field
According to John Stow’s 1633Survey of Vintry Ward
Winchester Field bordered St. Michael Paternoster Royal on the East side (Stow 1633, sig. Z2v).Winchester Field is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Winchester House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Windsor House
Stow does not indicate what side of the street the house sits on, but the Dictionary of London points us to the two intersecting streets of Monkwell Street and Silver Street (Harben). This great house once belonged to the Nevill family, but later became Windsor House.Windsor House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Wool Key is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Woolstable is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Worcester House is mentioned in the following documents:
-
York House
Located on the northern bank of the Thames, York House was just west of Durham House, on the south side of the Strand. Records of York House date back to the thirteenth century, when the location was owned by the Bishops of Norwich and was referred to as Norwich Place (Gater and Wheeler). In 1536, Henry VIII granted Norwich Place to Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk (Gater and Wheeler). In 1556, the Archbishop of York, Nicholas Heath, purchased the residence, which would thereafter be called York House (Stow 1598, sig. 2B3r).York House is mentioned in the following documents:
Organizations
-
The MoEML Team
These are all MoEML team members since 1999 to present. To see the current members and structure of our team, seeTeam.
-
Former Student Contributors
We’d also like to acknowledge students who contributed to MoEML’s intranet predecessor at the University of Windsor between 1999 and 2003. When we redeveloped MoEML for the Internet in 2006, we were not able to include all of the student projects that had been written for courses in Shakespeare, Renaissance Drama, and/or Writing Hypertext. Nonetheless, these students contributed materially to the conceptual development of the project.
Roles played in the project
-
Author
-
Data Manager
-
Researcher
Contributions by this author
This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
