Survey of London (1633): Towers and Castles
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Of Towers and Castles.
THE Citie of London
(saith Fitzstephen)
hath in the East,
ry great, and a most
strong Palatine Tow
er, whose Turrets and
Wals doe rise from a
deepe foundation, the mortar thereof being
tempred with the blood of beasts. In the
West part are two most strong Castles, &c.
(saith Fitzstephen)
hath in the East,
The Tow
er of Lon
don.
a veer of Lon
don.
ry great, and a most
strong Palatine Tow
er, whose Turrets and
Wals doe rise from a
deepe foundation, the mortar thereof being
tempred with the blood of beasts. In the
West part are two most strong Castles, &c.
To begin therefore with the most fa
mous Tower of London, situate in the
East, neere unto the River of Thames;
it hath beene the common opinion, and
some have written, (but of none assured
ground) that Iulius Cæsar, the first Con
querour of the Britaines, was the origi
nall Author and Founder, aswell there
of, as also of many other Towers, Ca
stles,
Realme. But (as I have already before
noted) Cæsar remained not here so long,
nor had he in his head any such matter;
but onely to dispatch a conquest of this
barbarous Countrey, and to proceed to
greater matters. Neither doe the Ro
mane Writers make mention of any such
buildings erected by him here.
mous Tower of London, situate in the
East, neere unto the River of Thames;
it hath beene the common opinion, and
some have written, (but of none assured
ground) that Iulius Cæsar, the first Con
querour of the Britaines, was the origi
nall Author and Founder, aswell there
of, as also of many other Towers, Ca
stles,
In my An
nales.
and great buildings within this
nales.
Realme. But (as I have already before
noted) Cæsar remained not here so long,
nor had he in his head any such matter;
but onely to dispatch a conquest of this
barbarous Countrey, and to proceed to
greater matters. Neither doe the Ro
mane Writers make mention of any such
buildings erected by him here.
And therefore leaving this, and pro
ceeding to more grounded authority,
I finde in a faire Register Booke, con
taining the acts of the Bishops of Roche
ster, set downe by Edmund de Hadenham:
that William the first, surnamed Conque
rour, builded the Tower of London;
wit, the great white and square Tower there,
about the yeere of Christ, 1078. appoin
ting Gundulph then Bishop of Rochester
to be principall Surveyor and Overseer of
that worke; who was (for that time) lodged
in the house of Edmere, a Burgesse of Lon
don. The very words of which mine
Author are these in Latine:
ceeding to more grounded authority,
I finde in a faire Register Booke, con
taining the acts of the Bishops of Roche
ster, set downe by Edmund de Hadenham:
that William the first, surnamed Conque
rour, builded the Tower of London;
Tower of London built by W. Cōquerour, namely the white Tower.
to
wit, the great white and square Tower there,
about the yeere of Christ, 1078. appoin
ting Gundulph then Bishop of Rochester
to be principall Surveyor and Overseer of
that worke; who was (for that time) lodged
in the house of Edmere, a Burgesse of Lon
don. The very words of which mine
Author are these in Latine:
Gundulphus Episcopus, mandato Wil
lielmi Regis magni præfuit operi magnæ
Turris London, quo tempore hospitatus est
apud quendā Edmerum, Burgensem Lon
don, qui dedit unum Were Ecclesiæ Rof
fen.
lielmi Regis magni præfuit operi magnæ
Turris London, quo tempore hospitatus est
apud quendā Edmerum, Burgensem Lon
don, qui dedit unum Were Ecclesiæ Rof
fen.
Ye have before heard, that the wall
of this Citie was all round about furni
shed with Towers and Bulwarkes, in
due distance every one from other, and
also that the River of Thames, with her
ebbing and flowing, on the South-side,
had subverted the said Wall, and Tow
ers there. Wherefore King William, for
defence of this Citie, in place most dan
gerous, and open to the enemy, having
taken downe the second Bulwarke in
the East part of the Wall, from the
Thames, builded this Tower, which was
the great square Tower, now called the
white Tower; and hath beene since (at
divers times) enlarged with other buil
dings adjoyning, as shall bee shewed.
This Tower was by tempest of wind sore
shaken, in the yeere 1092. the 4. of Wil. Rufus, and was againe, by the said Rufus
and Henry the first repaired. They al
so caused a Castle to be built under the
said Tower;
toward the Thames, and also incastella
ted the same round about.
of this Citie was all round about furni
shed with Towers and Bulwarkes, in
due distance every one from other, and
also that the River of Thames, with her
ebbing and flowing, on the South-side,
had subverted the said Wall, and Tow
ers there. Wherefore King William, for
defence of this Citie, in place most dan
gerous, and open to the enemy, having
taken downe the second Bulwarke in
the East part of the Wall, from the
Thames, builded this Tower, which was
the great square Tower, now called the
white Tower; and hath beene since (at
divers times) enlarged with other buil
dings adjoyning, as shall bee shewed.
This Tower was by tempest of wind sore
shaken, in the yeere 1092. the 4. of Wil. Rufus, and was againe, by the said Rufus
and Henry the first repaired. They al
so caused a Castle to be built under the
said Tower;
Castle by the Tower builded.
namely, on the South-side
toward the Thames, and also incastella
ted the same round about.
Henry Huntington, libro sexto, hath
these words: William Rufus challenged
the investure of Prebates, he pilled and sha
ved the people with Tribute, especially to
spend about the Tower of London, and the
great Hall at Westminster.
these words: William Rufus challenged
the investure of Prebates, he pilled and sha
ved the people with Tribute, especially to
spend
Towers and Castles.
spend about the Tower of London, and the
great Hall at Westminster.
Othowerus,
Acolinillus, Otto; and Gef
frey Magnaville Earle of Essex, were 4.
the first Constables of this Tower of
London by succession: all which held by
force, a portion of Land (that pertained
to the Priorie of the holy Trinity within
Ealdgate) that is to say,
neere unto the Tower, making thereof
a Vineyard, and would not depart from
it,
when the same was adiudged and resto
red to the Church.
frey Magnaville Earle of Essex, were 4.
the first Constables of this Tower of
London by succession: all which held by
force, a portion of Land (that pertained
to the Priorie of the holy Trinity within
Ealdgate) that is to say,
Eastsmith
field a Vineyard.
Eastsmithfield,
field a Vineyard.
neere unto the Tower, making thereof
a Vineyard, and would not depart from
it,
Ex Charta.
till the second yeere of King Stephen,
when the same was adiudged and resto
red to the Church.
This Geffrey Magnaville was Earle of
Essex, Constable of the Tower, Shiriffe
of London, Middlesex, Essex, and Hert
fordshire, as appeareth by a Charter of
Maude the Empresse, 1141. Hee also
fortified the Tower of London against
King Stephen; but the King tooke him
in his Court at S. Albanes, and would
not deliver him, till he had rendred the
Tower of London, with the Castles of
Walden and Plashey in Essex.
Essex, Constable of the Tower, Shiriffe
of London, Middlesex, Essex, and Hert
fordshire, as appeareth by a Charter of
Maude the Empresse, 1141. Hee also
fortified the Tower of London against
King Stephen; but the King tooke him
in his Court at S. Albanes, and would
not deliver him, till he had rendred the
Tower of London, with the Castles of
Walden and Plashey in Essex.
In the yeere 1153. the Tower of Lon
don and the Castle of Windsore were by
the King delivered to Richard de Lucie,
to be safely kept.
don and the Castle of Windsore were by
the King delivered to Richard de Lucie,
to be safely kept.
In the yeere 1155. Thomas Becket, be
ing Chancellour to Henry the second,
caused the Flemmings to be banished out
of England, their Castles lately builded,
to be pulled downe, and the Tower of
London to be repaired.
ing Chancellour to Henry the second,
caused the Flemmings to be banished out
of England, their Castles lately builded,
to be pulled downe, and the Tower of
London to be repaired.
About the yeere 1190. the second of
Richard the first, William Longshampe, Bi
shop of Ely, Chancelour of England, for
cause of dissention betwixt him and the
Earle Iohn, the Kings Brother, that was
Rebell; inclosed the Tower and Castle
of London with an outward wall of stone
embattailed; and also caused a deepe
Ditch1 to be cast about the same, thin
king (as I have said before) to have en
vironed it with the River of Thames. By
making of this inclosure and ditch in
Eastsmithfield, the Church of the holy
Trinity in London, lost halfe a mark rent
by the yeere; and the Mill was remo
ved, that belonged to the poore bre
thren of the Hospitall of S. Katherine,
and to the Church of the holy Trinitie
aforesaid; which was no small losse and
discommodity to either part. And the
Garden, which the King had hyred of
the brethren for sixe markes the yeere,
for the most part was wasted and mar
red by the ditch. Recompence was of
ten promised, but never performed, till
King Edward comming after, gave to
the Brethren five Markes and an halfe,
for that part which the ditch had de
voured: and the other part thereof
without he yeelded them againe, which
they hold; and of the said rent of five
Markes and an halfe, they have a Deed,
by vertue whereof they are well paid to
this day.
Richard the first, William Longshampe, Bi
shop of Ely, Chancelour of England, for
cause of dissention betwixt him and the
Earle Iohn, the Kings Brother, that was
Rebell; inclosed the Tower and Castle
of London with an outward wall of stone
embattailed; and also caused a deepe
Ditch1 to be cast about the same, thin
king (as I have said before) to have en
vironed it with the River of Thames. By
making of this inclosure and ditch in
Eastsmithfield, the Church of the holy
Trinity in London, lost halfe a mark rent
by the yeere; and the Mill was remo
ved, that belonged to the poore bre
thren of the Hospitall of S. Katherine,
and to the Church of the holy Trinitie
aforesaid; which was no small losse and
discommodity to either part. And the
Garden, which the King had hyred of
the brethren for sixe markes the yeere,
for the most part was wasted and mar
red by the ditch. Recompence was of
ten promised, but never performed, till
King Edward comming after, gave to
the Brethren five Markes and an halfe,
for that part which the ditch had de
voured: and the other part thereof
without he yeelded them againe, which
they hold; and of the said rent of five
Markes and an halfe, they have a Deed,
by vertue whereof they are well paid to
this day.
It is also to be noted, and cannot bee
denyed, but that the said inclosure and
ditch, tooke the like or greater quanti
ty of ground from the Citie within the
VVall; namely, on that part called the
Tower Hill, besides breaking downe of
the Citie VVall, from the white Tower
to the first Gate of the Citie, called the
Posterne. Yet have I not read of any
quarrell made by the Citizens, or re
compence demanded by them for that
matter; because all was done for good
of the Cities defence thereby, and to
their good likings.
denyed, but that the said inclosure and
ditch, tooke the like or greater quanti
ty of ground from the Citie within the
VVall; namely, on that part called the
Tower Hill, besides breaking downe of
the Citie VVall, from the white Tower
to the first Gate of the Citie, called the
Posterne. Yet have I not read of any
quarrell made by the Citizens, or re
compence demanded by them for that
matter; because all was done for good
of the Cities defence thereby, and to
their good likings.
But Matthew Paris writeth,
that in
the yeere 1239. King Henry the third
fortified the Tower of London to another
end;
that was done to their detriment, complai
ned, and the King answered: That hee had
not done it to their hurt; But (saith he) I
will from henceforth doe as my brother doth,
in building and fortifying Castles, who bea
reth the name to be wiser than I am.
the yeere 1239. King Henry the third
fortified the Tower of London to another
end;
Bulwarkes of the Tower builded.
wherefore the Citizens fearing, lest
that was done to their detriment, complai
ned, and the King answered: That hee had
not done it to their hurt; But (saith he) I
will from henceforth doe as my brother doth,
in building and fortifying Castles, who bea
reth the name to be wiser than I am.
It followed in the next yeere,
(saith
mine Author) the said Noble buildings
of the stone Gate and Bulwarke, which the
King had caused to be made by the Tower of
London, on the West side thereof, was sha
ken as it had beene with an Earthquake, and
fell downe; which the King againe comman
ded to be built in better sort than before,
which was done.
mine Author) the said Noble buildings
of the stone Gate and Bulwarke, which the
King had caused to be made by the Tower of
London, on the West side thereof, was sha
ken as it had beene with an Earthquake, and
fell downe; which the King againe comman
ded to be built in better sort than before,
which was done.
And yet againe, in the yeere 1241. the
said Wall and Bulwarkes that were newly
builded,
more than twelve thousand Markes, were
unrecoverably quite throwne downe, as a
fore: for the which chance, the Citizens of
London were nothing sorry: for they were
threatned, that the said wall and Bulwarkes
were builded, to the end, that if any of them
would contend for the liberties of the Citie,
they might be imprisoned: And that many
might be laid in divers prisons, many lod
gings were made, that no one should speake
with another.
said Wall and Bulwarkes that were newly
builded,
Wall and Bulwarkes againe fall downe, and new builded.
wherein the King had bestowed
more than twelve thousand Markes, were
unrecoverably quite throwne downe, as a
fore: for the which chance, the Citizens of
London were nothing sorry: for they were
threatned, that the said wall and Bulwarkes
were builded, to the end, that if any of them
would contend for the liberties of the Citie,
E3
they
Towers and Castles.
they might be imprisoned: And that many
might be laid in divers prisons, many lod
gings were made, that no one should speake
with another.
Thus much Matthew Paris avoucheth
for this building.
for this building.
More of Henry the third his dealings
against the Citizens of London, we may
read in the said Author, in 1245. 1248.
1249. 1253. 1255. 1256. &c. But con
cerning the said Wall and Bulwarke,
the same was finished, though not in
his time. For I read, That Edward the
first, in the second of his reigne, commanded
the Treasurer and Chamberlaine of the Ex
chequer, to deliver out of his Treasurie, un
to
Miles of Andwarp, 200. Markes, of
the fines taken of divers Merchants,
surers of London (for so be the words of
the Record) toward the worke of the ditch,2
then new made about the said Bulwarke;3
now called the Lion Tower.
against the Citizens of London, we may
read in the said Author, in 1245. 1248.
1249. 1253. 1255. 1256. &c. But con
cerning the said Wall and Bulwarke,
the same was finished, though not in
his time. For I read, That Edward the
first, in the second of his reigne, commanded
the Treasurer and Chamberlaine of the Ex
chequer, to deliver out of his Treasurie, un
to
Miles of Andwarp, 200. Markes, of
the fines taken of divers Merchants,
Ditch made a
bout the Bulwarke, without the West gate of the Tower.
or Vbout the Bulwarke, without the West gate of the Tower.
surers of London (for so be the words of
the Record) toward the worke of the ditch,2
then new made about the said Bulwarke;3
now called the Lion Tower.
I find also recorded, that Henry the
third, in the 46. of his reigne, wrote to
Edward of Westminster, commanding
him, That hee should buy certaine Perie
Plants, and set the same in the place without
his Tower of London, the ninth of Edward
the second.
third, in the 46. of his reigne, wrote to
Edward of Westminster, commanding
him, That hee should buy certaine Perie
Plants, and set the same in the place without
his Tower of London, the ninth of Edward
the second.
Edward the fourth in place whereof
builded a wall of Bricke. But now for
the Lion-Tower, and Lions in England,
the originall, as I have read, was thus:
builded a wall of Bricke. But now for
the Lion-Tower, and Lions in England,
the originall, as I have read, was thus:
Henry the first builded the Mannor
of Woodstocke,
walled about with stone, seven miles in
compasse, destroying for the same, di
vers Villages, Churches and Chappels,
and this was the first Parke in England;
the words of the Record are these fol
lowing: He appointed therein (beside great
store of Decre) divers strange beasts, to be
kept and nourished, such as were brought
to him from far Countries; as Lions, Leo
pards, Linxes, Porpentines, and such other:
For such was his estimation among outlan
dish Princes, that few would willingly of
This text is the corrected text. The original is s (JZ)fend him.
of Woodstocke,
First Parke in England.
with a Parke which hee
walled about with stone, seven miles in
compasse, destroying for the same, di
vers Villages, Churches and Chappels,
and this was the first Parke in England;
the words of the Record are these fol
lowing: He appointed therein (beside great
store of Decre) divers strange beasts, to be
kept and nourished, such as were brought
to him from far Countries; as Lions, Leo
pards, Linxes, Porpentines, and such other:
For such was his estimation among outlan
dish Princes, that few would willingly of
This text is the corrected text. The original is s (JZ)fend him.
Lions in Woodstocke Parke.
More I read, that in the yeere 1235.
Fredericke the Emperour sent to Henry
the third, three Leopards, in token of
his regall Shield of Armes, wherein
three Leopards were pictured: since
which time, those Lions, and others,
have beene kept in a part of this Bul
warke, now called the Lion Tower, and
their keeper there lodged. King Edward
the second, in the twelfth yeere of his
reigne, commanded the Sheriffes of
London, to pay the keeper of the Kings
Leopards in the Tower of London, 6. d
the day, for the sustenance of the Leo
pards; and three halfe-pence a day, for
dyet of the said keeper, out of the fee-farme
of the said Citie.
Fredericke the Emperour sent to Henry
the third, three Leopards, in token of
his regall Shield of Armes, wherein
three Leopards were pictured: since
which time, those Lions, and others,
have beene kept in a part of this Bul
warke, now called the Lion Tower, and
their keeper there lodged. King Edward
the second, in the twelfth yeere of his
reigne, commanded the Sheriffes of
London, to pay the keeper of the Kings
Leopards in the Tower of London, 6. d
the day, for the sustenance of the Leo
pards; and three halfe-pence a day, for
dyet of the said keeper, out of the fee-farme
of the said Citie.
More, the 16. of Edward the third,
one Lion, one Lionesse, one Leopard,
and two Cattes Lions, in the said Tow
er, were committed to the custody of
Robert, the sonne of Iohn Bowre.
one Lion, one Lionesse, one Leopard,
and two Cattes Lions, in the said Tow
er, were committed to the custody of
Robert, the sonne of Iohn Bowre.
Edward the fourth fortified the Tow
er of London,
(as is aforesaid) a certaine piece of
ground, taken out of the Tower hill,
west from the Lion Tower, now called
the Bulwarke. His Officers also, in the
fifth of his reigne, set upon the said Hill
both Scaffold and Gallowes, for the ex
ecution of offenders; whereupon the
Maior & his brethren cōplained to the
King, and were answered, that the same
was not done in derogation of the Ci
ties Liberties; and therefore caused
proclamation to be made, &c. as shall
be shewed in Towerstreet.
er of London,
Edw. the 4. builded bulwarks without the Tower
and inclosed with Bricke
(as is aforesaid) a certaine piece of
ground, taken out of the Tower hill,
west from the Lion Tower, now called
the Bulwarke. His Officers also, in the
fifth of his reigne, set upon the said Hill
both Scaffold and Gallowes, for the ex
ecution of offenders; whereupon the
Maior & his brethren cōplained to the
King, and were answered, that the same
was not done in derogation of the Ci
ties Liberties; and therefore caused
proclamation to be made, &c. as shall
be shewed in Towerstreet.
In the yeere 1548. the second of Ed
ward the sixth, on the 22. of November,
in the night, a Frenchman lodged in
the round Bulwarke, betwixt the West
Gate and the Posterne, or draw bridge,
called the Warders Gate, by setting fire
on a barrell of Gunpowder,
said Bulwarke, burnt himselfe, and no
moe persons. This Bulwarke was again
forthwith new builded.
ward the sixth, on the 22. of November,
in the night, a Frenchman lodged in
the round Bulwarke, betwixt the West
Gate and the Posterne, or draw bridge,
called the Warders Gate, by setting fire
on a barrell of Gunpowder,
A bulwark of the To
wer blown up.
blew up the
wer blown up.
said Bulwarke, burnt himselfe, and no
moe persons. This Bulwarke was again
forthwith new builded.
And here, because I have (by occasi
on) spoken of the west gate of this Tow
er; the same (as the most principall)
is used for the receipt and delivery of all
kindes of carriages;
Gate, be divers Bulwarkes and Gates,
turning towards the North, &c. Then
neere within this West gate, opening
to the South, is a strong Posterne for
passengers, by the Ward-house, over a
draw-bridge, let downe for that pur
pose. Next, on the same South side, to
ward the East, is a large water-gate, for
receipt of Boats and small vessels, partly
under a stone bridge, from the River of
Thames. Beyond it is a small Posterne,
with a draw-bridge, seldome let down,
but for the receipt of some great per
sons, prisoners. Then towards the East
is a great and strong Gate, commonly
called the Iron gate, but not usually o
pened. And thus much for the founda
tion, building, and repairing of this
Tower, with the Gates and Posternes,
may suffice. And now somewhat of ac
cidents in the same, shall be shewed.
on) spoken of the west gate of this Tow
er; the same (as the most principall)
is used for the receipt and delivery of all
kindes of carriages;
Gates and Posternes of the Tower.
without the which
Gate, be divers Bulwarkes and Gates,
turning towards the North, &c. Then
neere within this West gate, opening
to the South, is a strong Posterne for
passengers, by the Ward-house, over a
draw-bridge, let downe for that pur
pose. Next, on the same South side, to
ward the East, is a large water-gate, for
receipt
Towers and Castles.
receipt of Boats and small vessels, partly
under a stone bridge, from the River of
Thames. Beyond it is a small Posterne,
with a draw-bridge, seldome let down,
but for the receipt of some great per
sons, prisoners. Then towards the East
is a great and strong Gate, commonly
called the Iron gate, but not usually o
pened. And thus much for the founda
tion, building, and repairing of this
Tower, with the Gates and Posternes,
may suffice. And now somewhat of ac
cidents in the same, shall be shewed.
In the yeere 1196.
a Citizen of London, seditiously moving
the common people to seeke liberty,
and not to be subject to the rich and
more mighty; at length was taken, and
brought before the Archbishop of Can
terbury in the Tower,
the Judges condemned, and by the
heeles drawne thence to the Elmes in
Smithfield, and there hanged.
Actions of the Tower
William Fitzosbert,
a Citizen of London, seditiously moving
the common people to seeke liberty,
and not to be subject to the rich and
more mighty; at length was taken, and
brought before the Archbishop of Can
terbury in the Tower,
Iustices sate in the Tower.
where he was by
the Judges condemned, and by the
heeles drawne thence to the Elmes in
Smithfield, and there hanged.
1214. King Iohn wrote unto Geffrey
Magnaville,
London, with the Prisoners, Armour,
and all other things sound therein, be
longing to the King; to William, Arch
deacon of Huntington.
Magnaville,
Patent the 15. of King Iohn.
to deliver the Tower of
London, with the Prisoners, Armour,
and all other things sound therein, be
longing to the King; to William, Arch
deacon of Huntington.
The yeere 1216. the first of Henry
the third, the said Tower was delivered
to Lewes of France, and the Barons of
England.
the third, the said Tower was delivered
to Lewes of France, and the Barons of
England.
In the yeere 1206. Plees of the Crown
were pleaded in the Tower:
the yeere 1220. and likewise in the
yeere 1224. and againe in the yeere
1243. before William of Yorke, Richard
Passelew,4 Henry Brahe,5 Ierome of Saxton,
Justicers.
were pleaded in the Tower:
Plees of the crown pleaded in the Tower
likewise in
the yeere 1220. and likewise in the
yeere 1224. and againe in the yeere
1243. before William of Yorke, Richard
Passelew,4 Henry Brahe,5 Ierome of Saxton,
Justicers.
In the yeere 1222. the Citizens of
London having made a tumult against
the Abbot of Westminster; Hubert of
Burgh, chiefe Justice of England, came
to the Tower of London, and called be
fore him the Maior and Aldermen, of
whom hee inquired for the principall
Authors of that sedition: Amongst
whom,
ulfe avowed, that he was the man, and
had done much lesse than he thought to
have done. Whereupon, the Justice
sent him (with two other) to Falks de
Brent, who with armed men brought
them to the Gallowes, where they were
hanged.
London having made a tumult against
the Abbot of Westminster; Hubert of
Burgh, chiefe Justice of England, came
to the Tower of London, and called be
fore him the Maior and Aldermen, of
whom hee inquired for the principall
Authors of that sedition: Amongst
whom,
Constantine Fitz Ael
ulfe hang’d
one named Constantine Fitz Aelulfe hang’d
ulfe avowed, that he was the man, and
had done much lesse than he thought to
have done. Whereupon, the Justice
sent him (with two other) to Falks de
Brent, who with armed men brought
them to the Gallowes, where they were
hanged.
In the yeere 1244.
sonne of Leoline, Prince of Wales, being
kept prisoner in the Tower, devised
meanes of escape; and having (in the
night) made of the hangings, sheets, &c.
a long line, he put himselfe downe from
the top of the Tower. But in the sliding,
the weight of his body, being a very
bigge and a fat man, brake the Rope,
and he fell on his necke, and brake his
necke withall: whose miserable carkas,
being found in the morning by the
Tower wall, was a most pitifull sight to
the beholders: for his head and necke
were driven into his brest, between both
the shoulders. The King hearing there
of, punished the watch-men, and cau
sed Griffiths sonne, that was imprisoned
with his Father, to bee more straitly
kept.
Griffith of Wales fell from the Tower.
Griffith the eldest
sonne of Leoline, Prince of Wales, being
kept prisoner in the Tower, devised
meanes of escape; and having (in the
night) made of the hangings, sheets, &c.
a long line, he put himselfe downe from
the top of the Tower. But in the sliding,
the weight of his body, being a very
bigge and a fat man, brake the Rope,
and he fell on his necke, and brake his
necke withall: whose miserable carkas,
being found in the morning by the
Tower wall, was a most pitifull sight to
the beholders: for his head and necke
were driven into his brest, between both
the shoulders. The King hearing there
of, punished the watch-men, and cau
sed Griffiths sonne, that was imprisoned
with his Father, to bee more straitly
kept.
In the yeere 1253.
King Henry the
third imprisoned the Sheriffes of Lon
don in the Tower more than a moneth,
for the escape of a prisoner out of New
gate, as ye may read in the Chapter of
Gates.
third imprisoned the Sheriffes of Lon
don in the Tower more than a moneth,
for the escape of a prisoner out of New
gate, as ye may read in the Chapter of
Gates.
In the yeere 1260. King Henry,
with
his Queene6 (for feare of the Barons)
were lodged in the Tower. The next
yeere he sent for his Lords, and held his
Parliament there.
his Queene6 (for feare of the Barons)
were lodged in the Tower. The next
yeere he sent for his Lords, and held his
Parliament there.
In the yeere 1263. when the Queene
would have removed from the Tower
by water, towards Windsore, sundry Lon
doners got them together to the Bridge,7
under the which she was to passe, and
not onely cryed out upon her with re
prochfull words, but also threw mire
and stones at her, by which she was con
strained to returne for the time. But in
the yeere 1265. the said Citizens were
faine to submit themselves to the King
for it, and the Maior, Aldermen, and
Sheriffes were sent to divers prisons,
and a Custos also was set over the Ci
tie; to wit, Othon, Constable of the
Tower, &c.
would have removed from the Tower
by water, towards Windsore, sundry Lon
doners got them together to the Bridge,7
under the which she was to passe, and
not onely cryed out upon her with re
prochfull words, but also threw mire
and stones at her, by which she was con
strained to returne for the time. But in
the yeere 1265. the said Citizens were
faine to submit themselves to the King
for it, and the Maior, Aldermen, and
Sheriffes were sent to divers prisons,
and a Custos also was set over the Ci
tie; to wit, Othon, Constable of the
Tower, &c.
Leoline Prince of Wales,
came downe
from the Mountaine of Snowdon, to
Mountgomery, and was taken at Bluith
Castle: where using reprochfull words
against the Englishmen, Roger le Strange
ran in upon him, and with the Sword
wherewith he was girt, cut off his head,
leaving his dead bodie on the ground.
Sir Roger Mortimer caused the head of
this Leoline to be set upon the Tower
of London, crowned with a wreath of I
vie. Such was the end of Leoline, be
trayed by the men of Bluith: And this
was the last Prince of the Britaines
blood, that bare rule and dominion in
Wales.
from the Mountaine of Snowdon, to
Mountgomery, and was taken at Bluith
Castle: where using reprochfull words
against the Englishmen, Roger le Strange
ran in upon him, and with the Sword
wherewith he was girt, cut off his head,
leaving his dead bodie on the ground.
Sir Roger Mortimer caused the head of
this
Towers and Castles.
this Leoline to be set upon the Tower
of London, crowned with a wreath of I
vie. Such was the end of Leoline, be
trayed by the men of Bluith: And this
was the last Prince of the Britaines
blood, that bare rule and dominion in
Wales.
In the yeere 1290. divers Justices,
as
well of the Bench, as of the Assises, were
sent prisoners to the Tower, which with
great summes of money redeemed their
liberty.
well of the Bench, as of the Assises, were
sent prisoners to the Tower, which with
great summes of money redeemed their
liberty.
Sir Thomas Weyland had all his goods,
both moveable and unmoveable, confis
cated, and himselfe banished. Sir Rafe
Hengham, chiefe Justice of the higher
Bench, offered seven thousand Markes:
Sir Iohn Lovelet, Justice of the lower
Bench, three thousand Markes. Sir Wil
liam Bromtone, Justice, sixe thousand
Markes. Of their Clarkes, for their re
demption; of Robert Littlebury, 1000.
Markes; and of Roger Leicester, 1000.
Markes: And of a certaine Clarke of
the Courts, called Adam de Straton,
32000. Markes, of old money and new;
beside Jewels (without number) and
precious vessels of Silver, which were
found in his house, and a Kings Crown,
which some men said was King Iohns.
Moreover, the King constrained the Ju
stices to sweare, that (from thenceforth)
they should take no pension, fee or gift
of any man, except onely a breakfast or
such like present.
Adam Meri. chro. Dun. Rad. Bald. Sca. Chro. Io. Rouse.
both moveable and unmoveable, confis
cated, and himselfe banished. Sir Rafe
Hengham, chiefe Justice of the higher
Bench, offered seven thousand Markes:
Sir Iohn Lovelet, Justice of the lower
Bench, three thousand Markes. Sir Wil
liam Bromtone, Justice, sixe thousand
Markes. Of their Clarkes, for their re
demption; of Robert Littlebury, 1000.
Markes; and of Roger Leicester, 1000.
Markes: And of a certaine Clarke of
the Courts, called Adam de Straton,
32000. Markes, of old money and new;
beside Jewels (without number) and
precious vessels of Silver, which were
found in his house, and a Kings Crown,
which some men said was King Iohns.
Moreover, the King constrained the Ju
stices to sweare, that (from thenceforth)
they should take no pension, fee or gift
of any man, except onely a breakfast or
such like present.
Edward 2. the 14. of his reigne, ap
pointed for prisoners in the Tower, a
Knight, 2. d. the day, an Esquire, 1. d.
the day, to serve for their dyet.
pointed for prisoners in the Tower, a
Knight, 2. d. the day, an Esquire, 1. d.
the day, to serve for their dyet.
In the yeere 1320. the Kings Justices
sate in the Tower, for tryall of matters:
whereupon, Iohn Gissors, late Maior of
London, and many other, fled the City,
for feare to be charged of things which
they had presumptuously done.
sate in the Tower, for tryall of matters:
whereupon, Iohn Gissors, late Maior of
London, and many other, fled the City,
for feare to be charged of things which
they had presumptuously done.
In the yeere 1321. the Mortimers
yeelding themselves to the King, hee
sent them prisoners to the Tower, where
they remained long, and were judged to
be drawne and hanged.
yeelding themselves to the King, hee
sent them prisoners to the Tower, where
they remained long, and were judged to
be drawne and hanged.
But at length, Roger Mortimer of Wig
more, by giving his Keepers a sleepy
drinke, escaped out of the Tower, and
his Vnckle Roger being still kept, there
dyed about five yeeres after.
more, by giving his Keepers a sleepy
drinke, escaped out of the Tower, and
his Vnckle Roger being still kept, there
dyed about five yeeres after.
In the yeere 1326. the Citizens of
London wanne the Tower, wresting the
keyes out of the Constables hands, deli
vered all the prisoners, and kept both
the Citie and Tower to the use of Isabel.
the Queene, and Edward her sonne.
London wanne the Tower, wresting the
keyes out of the Constables hands, deli
vered all the prisoners, and kept both
the Citie and Tower to the use of Isabel.
the Queene, and Edward her sonne.
In the yeere 1330. Roger Mortimer,
Earle of March, was taken and brought
to the Tower, from whence hee was
drawne to the Elmes, and there hanged
on the common Gallowes, where hee
hung two dayes and two nights by the
Kings commandement, and then was
buried in the Gray Fryers Church. Hee
was condemned by his Peeres, and yet
never was brought to answer before
them. For it was not then the custome,
after the death of the Earles of Lanca
ster, Winchester, Glocester, & Kent: wher
fore this Earle had that law himselfe,
which before hee had appointed for o
thers.
Earle of March, was taken and brought
to the Tower, from whence hee was
drawne to the Elmes, and there hanged
on the common Gallowes, where hee
hung two dayes and two nights by the
Kings commandement, and then was
buried in the Gray Fryers Church. Hee
was condemned by his Peeres, and yet
never was brought to answer before
them. For it was not then the custome,
after the death of the Earles of Lanca
ster, Winchester, Glocester, & Kent: wher
fore this Earle had that law himselfe,
which before hee had appointed for o
thers.
In the yeere 1344. King Edward the
third, in the 18. yeere of his reigne,
commanded Florences of Gold to bee
made, and coyned in the Tower; that
is to say, a penny a peece, of the value of
6. shillings and eight pence; the halfe
penny peece, of the value of 3. shillings
and foure pence; and a farthing peece,
worth 20. pence. Percevall de Port of
Lake, being then Master of the coine.
And this is the first coyning of Gold in
the Tower, whereof I read, and also the
first coynage of Gold in England.
third, in the 18. yeere of his reigne,
A Mint in the Tow
er, Floren
ces of gold coyned there.
er, Floren
ces of gold coyned there.
commanded Florences of Gold to bee
made, and coyned in the Tower; that
is to say, a penny a peece, of the value of
6. shillings and eight pence; the halfe
penny peece, of the value of 3. shillings
and foure pence; and a farthing peece,
worth 20. pence. Percevall de Port of
Lake, being then Master of the coine.
And this is the first coyning of Gold in
the Tower, whereof I read, and also the
first coynage of Gold in England.
I finde also recorded, that the said
King,
Exchange of money to be kept in Sernes
Tower, a part of the Kings house in
Buckles Bury. And here, to digresse a
little (by occasion offered) I finde, that
in times before passed, all great summes
were paid by weight of gold or silver, as
so many pounds,
so many pounds or markes of gold, cut
into blankes, and not stamped, as I
could prove by many good authorities,
which I overpasse. The smaller summes
also were paid in starlings, which were
pence so called: for other coynes they
had none.
King,
The Kings exchange in Buckles bury.
in the ſame yeere, ordained his
Exchange of money to be kept in Sernes
Tower, a part of the Kings house in
Buckles Bury. And here, to digresse a
little (by occasion offered) I finde, that
in times before passed, all great summes
were paid by weight of gold or silver, as
so many pounds,
Round plates, cal
led blanks, delivered by weight, Argent. and Pecunia, af
ter called Easterling.
or markes of silver, or
led blanks, delivered by weight, Argent. and Pecunia, af
ter called Easterling.
so many pounds or markes of gold, cut
into blankes, and not stamped, as I
could prove by many good authorities,
which I overpasse. The smaller summes
also were paid in starlings, which were
pence so called: for other coynes they
had none.
The antiquity of this starling penny
usually in this Realme, is from the reigne
of Henry the second: notwithstanding
the Saxon coynes (before the Conquest)
were pence of fine silver, the full weight
and somewhat better than the latter
starlings, as I have tryed by conference
of the pence of Burghrede King of Mer
cia, Ælfred, Edward, and Edelred, Kings
of the West Saxons, Plegmond Archbi
shop of Canterbury, and others.
usually in this Realme, is from the reigne
of Henry the second: notwithstanding
the Saxon coynes (before the Conquest)
were pence of fine silver, the full weight
and somewhat better than the latter
starlings,
Towers and Castles.
starlings, as I have tryed by conference
of the pence of Burghrede King of Mer
cia, Ælfred, Edward, and Edelred, Kings
of the West Saxons, Plegmond Archbi
shop of Canterbury, and others.
William the Conquerours penny also
was fine silver, of the weight of the Ea
sterling, and had on the one side stam
ped,
face, (for the Normans ware no beards)
with a Scepter in his hand. The Inscri
ption in the circumference, was this,
Le Rei Wilam. On the side, a crosse
double to the Ring, betweene 4. rowels
of six points.
was fine silver, of the weight of the Ea
sterling, and had on the one side stam
ped,
W. Conque
rour did weare no beard.
an armed head, with a beardlesse
rour did weare no beard.
face, (for the Normans ware no beards)
with a Scepter in his hand. The Inscri
ption in the circumference, was this,
Le Rei Wilam. On the side, a crosse
double to the Ring, betweene 4. rowels
of six points.
This Henry, in the eighth yeere of his
reigne, ordained the penny which was
round, so to be quartered by the crosse,
that they might easily bee broken into
halfe pence and farthings.
reigne, ordained the penny which was
round, so to be quartered by the crosse,
that they might easily bee broken into
halfe pence and farthings.
In the first, second, third, fourth, and
fifth of King Richard the first his reigne,
and afterwards, I finde commonly Ea
sterling money mentioned, and yet oft
times the same is called Argent, as afore,
and not otherwise.
fifth of King Richard the first his reigne,
and afterwards, I finde commonly Ea
sterling money mentioned, and yet oft
times the same is called Argent, as afore,
and not otherwise.
The first great sum that I read of to
be paid in Easterlings, was in the fifth
of Richard the first, when Robert Earle of
Leicester, being prisoner in France, prof
fered for his ransome a thousand marks
Easterlings; notwithstanding, the Ea
sterling pence were long before.
be paid in Easterlings, was in the fifth
of Richard the first, when Robert Earle of
Leicester, being prisoner in France, prof
fered for his ransome a thousand marks
Easterlings; notwithstanding, the Ea
sterling pence were long before.
The weight of the Easterling penny
may appeare by divers Statutes, name
ly, of weights and measures, made in
the 51. yeere of Henry the third, in these
words:
and round, taken in the middest of the eare,
should be the weight of a starling penny;
twenty of those pence should weigh one ounce,
twelve ounces a pound Troy. It followeth
in the Statute, Eight pound to make a gal
lon of Wine, and eight gallons, a bushell of
London measure, &c. Notwithstanding
which Statute, I finde in the eighth of
Edward the first, Gregorie Rokesley, Mai
or of London, being chiefe Master or Mi
nister of the Kings Exchange or Mints,
a new coyne being then appointed, the
pound of Easterling money should con
taine (as afore) 12. ounces, to wit, fine
silver, such as was then made into foyle,
and was commonly called silver of Gu
thurons lane; 11. ounces, two Easter
lings, and one ferling or farthing, and
the other 17. pence halfepenny farthing
to be lay. Also the pound of money
ought to weigh 20. shillings 3. pence
by account; so that no pound ought to
be over 20. shillings 4. pence, nor lesse
than 20. shillings 2. pence by account;
the ounce to weigh 20. pence, the pen
ny weight 24. graines. Which 24. by
weight then appointed, were as much
as the former 32. graines of Wheat: a
penny force, 25. graines and an halfe;
the penny deble or feeble, 22. graines
and an halfe, &c.
may appeare by divers Statutes, name
ly, of weights and measures, made in
the 51. yeere of Henry the third, in these
words:
Weight of starling pence 32. graines of wheat.
Thirty two graines of Wheat, dry
and round, taken in the middest of the eare,
should be the weight of a starling penny;
twenty of those pence should weigh one ounce,
twelve ounces a pound Troy. It followeth
in the Statute, Eight pound to make a gal
lon of Wine, and eight gallons, a bushell of
London measure, &c. Notwithstanding
which Statute, I finde in the eighth of
Edward the first, Gregorie Rokesley, Mai
or of London, being chiefe Master or Mi
nister of the Kings Exchange or Mints,
a new coyne being then appointed, the
pound of Easterling money should con
taine (as afore) 12. ounces, to wit, fine
silver, such as was then made into foyle,
and was commonly called silver of Gu
thurons lane; 11. ounces, two Easter
lings, and one ferling or farthing, and
the other 17. pence halfepenny farthing
to be lay. Also the pound of money
ought to weigh 20. shillings 3. pence
by account; so that no pound ought to
be over 20. shillings 4. pence, nor lesse
than 20. shillings 2. pence by account;
the ounce to weigh 20. pence, the pen
ny weight 24. graines. Which 24. by
weight then appointed, were as much
as the former 32. graines of Wheat: a
penny force, 25. graines and an halfe;
the penny deble or feeble, 22. graines
and an halfe, &c.
Now for the penny Easterling,
it tooke that name, I think good briefe
ly to touch. It hath beene said, that Nu
ma Pompilius, the second King of the
Romanes, commanded monies first to be
made, of whose name they were called
Numi; and when copper pence, silver
pence, and gold pence were made, (be
cause every silver penny was worth ten
copper pence, and every gold penny
worth ten silver pence) the pence were
therefore called in Latine, Denarij; and
oftentimes, the pence are named of the
matter or stuffe of gold or silver. But
the Money of England was called of the
workers and makers thereof: as the Flo
ren of gold is called of the Florentines,
that were the workers thereof; and so
the Easterling pence tooke their name
of the Easterlings, which did first make
this money in England, in the reigne of
Henry the second.
The pen
ny Easter
ling how it tooke the name.
how
ny Easter
ling how it tooke the name.
it tooke that name, I think good briefe
ly to touch. It hath beene said, that Nu
ma Pompilius, the second King of the
Romanes, commanded monies first to be
made, of whose name they were called
Numi; and when copper pence, silver
pence, and gold pence were made, (be
cause every silver penny was worth ten
copper pence, and every gold penny
worth ten silver pence) the pence were
therefore called in Latine, Denarij; and
oftentimes, the pence are named of the
matter or stuffe of gold or silver. But
the Money of England was called of the
workers and makers thereof: as the Flo
ren of gold is called of the Florentines,
H. 2. made a new coyne in the third of his reigne.
that were the workers thereof; and so
the Easterling pence tooke their name
of the Easterlings, which did first make
this money in England, in the reigne of
Henry the second.
Thus have I set downe, according to
my reading in Antiquity, of money
matters;
late Writers; of whom some have said,
Easterling money to take that name of a
starre stamped in the border or ring of
the penny: othersome, of a bird, called
a Stare or Starling, stamped in the cir
cumference: and other (more unlikely)
of being coyned at Strivelin or Starling,
a Towne in Scotland. &c.
my reading in Antiquity, of money
matters;
Starling money, when it tooke be
ginning in this Land.
omitting the imaginations of
ginning in this Land.
late Writers; of whom some have said,
Easterling money to take that name of a
starre stamped in the border or ring of
the penny: othersome, of a bird, called
a Stare or Starling, stamped in the cir
cumference: and other (more unlikely)
of being coyned at Strivelin or Starling,
a Towne in Scotland. &c.
Now concerning halfepence and far
things,
subtiler than the pence, I need not speak
of them more, than that they were only
made in the Exchange at London, and
no where else: First, pointed to be made
by Edward the first, in the eighth of his
reigne: and also at the same time, the
said Kings coine was some few groats of
silver, but they were not usuall. The
Kings Exchange at London was neere
unto the Cathedrall Church of S. Paul,
and is to this day commonly called, the
Old Change;
Exchange.
things,
Of halfe pence and farthings.
the accompt of which is more
subtiler than the pence, I need not speak
of them more, than that they were only
made in the Exchange at London, and
no where else: First, pointed to be made
by Edward the first, in the eighth of his
reigne:
Towers and Castles.
reigne: and also at the same time, the
said Kings coine was some few groats of
silver, but they were not usuall. The
Kings Exchange at London was neere
unto the Cathedrall Church of S. Paul,
and is to this day commonly called, the
Old Change;
The Old Change.
but in Evidences, the Old
Exchange.
The Kings Exchanger in this place,
was to deliver out to every other Ex
changer throughout England, or other
the Kings Dominions, their Coyning
Irons, that is to say, one Standard or
Staple, and two trussels, or Punchions:
and when the same were spent and
worn, to receive them with an account,
what summe had been coyned, and al
so their Pix, or Box of assay, and to de
liver other Irons new graven, &c. I
finde that in the 9. of King Iohn, there
was, besides the Mint at London, other
Mints, at Winchester, Excester, Chichester.
Canterbury, Rochester, Ipswich, Norwich,
Linne, Lincolne, Yorke, Carleil, Northam
pton, Oxford, S. Edmondsbury, and Dur
ham. The Exchanger, Examiner and
Tryer,
answering for every hundred pound of
silver, bought in Bolion, or otherwise
98. l’. 15. s. for hee taketh 25. s. for
coynage.
was to deliver out to every other Ex
changer throughout England, or other
the Kings Dominions, their Coyning
Irons, that is to say, one Standard or
Staple, and two trussels, or Punchions:
and when the same were spent and
worn, to receive them with an account,
what summe had been coyned, and al
so their Pix, or Box of assay, and to de
liver other Irons new graven, &c. I
finde that in the 9. of King Iohn, there
was, besides the Mint at London, other
Mints, at Winchester, Excester, Chichester.
Canterbury, Rochester, Ipswich, Norwich,
Linne, Lincolne, Yorke, Carleil, Northam
pton, Oxford, S. Edmondsbury, and Dur
ham. The Exchanger, Examiner and
Tryer,
Dimini
shing of coyne.
buyeth the silver for coynage:
shing of coyne.
answering for every hundred pound of
silver, bought in Bolion, or otherwise
98. l’. 15. s. for hee taketh 25. s. for
coynage.
King Edward the first, in the 27. of
his reigne,
heth, in the house of Henry Waleis, Maior
of London, wherein amongst other
things there handled, the transporting
of starling money was forbidden.
his reigne,
Starling mony for
bidden to be tran
sported.
held a Parliament at Stebunbidden to be tran
sported.
heth, in the house of Henry Waleis, Maior
of London, wherein amongst other
things there handled, the transporting
of starling money was forbidden.
In the yeere 1351. William Edington,
Bishop of Winchester, and Treasurer of
England, a wise man, but loving the
Kings commodity more, than the wealth
of the whole Realme and common peo
ple (saith mine Author) Caused a new
coyne,
coyned and stamped, the Groat to bee taken
for 4. d. and the halfe Groat for 2. d. not
conteyning in weight according to the pence
called Easterlings, but much lesse, to wit,
by 5. s. in the pound: by reason whereof,
victuals and merchandizes became the dea
rer through the whole Realme.
Bishop of Winchester, and Treasurer of
England, a wise man, but loving the
Kings commodity more, than the wealth
of the whole Realme and common peo
ple (saith mine Author) Caused a new
coyne,
First groats and halfe coyned.
called a Groat and halfe a Groat to be
coyned and stamped, the Groat to bee taken
for 4. d. and the halfe Groat for 2. d. not
conteyning in weight according to the pence
called Easterlings, but much lesse, to wit,
by 5. s. in the pound: by reason whereof,
victuals and merchandizes became the dea
rer through the whole Realme.
About the same time also, the old
coyne of gold was changed into a new;
but the old Floren or Noble, then so
called, was worth much above the tax
ed rate of the new. And therefore the
Merchants ingrossed up the old, and
conveied them out of the Realme, to the
great losse of the Kingdome.
fore a remedy was provided, by chan
ging of the stampe.
coyne of gold was changed into a new;
but the old Floren or Noble, then so
called, was worth much above the tax
ed rate of the new. And therefore the
Merchants ingrossed up the old, and
conveied them out of the Realme, to the
great losse of the Kingdome.
Coyns of gold en
haunced.
Wherehaunced.
fore a remedy was provided, by chan
ging of the stampe.
In the yeere 1411. King Henry the
fourth caused a new coyne of Nobles to
be made, of lesse value than the old, by
4. d. in the Noble, so that fifty Nobles
should be a pound, Troy weight.
fourth caused a new coyne of Nobles to
be made, of lesse value than the old, by
4. d. in the Noble, so that fifty Nobles
should be a pound, Troy weight.
In the yeere 1421. was granted to
Henry the fifth a fifteene to be paid at
Candlemas, and at Martinmasse, of
such money as was then currant gold,
or silver, not overmuch clipped or wa
shed, to wit, That if the Noble were
worth 5. s. 8. d. then the King should
take it for a full Noble, of 6. s. 8. d.
And if it were lesse of value, than 5. s.
8. d. then the person that gold,
to make it good to the value of 5. s. 8. d.
the King alway receiving it for an whole
Noble of six shillings 8. d. And if the
Noble so payed were better than 5. s.
8. d. the King to pay againe the surplus
age, that it was better than 5. s. 8. d.
Also this yeere was such scarcity of
white mony,
so good of gold, and weight, as six shil
lings eight pence; men could get no
white money fro them.
Henry the fifth a fifteene to be paid at
Candlemas, and at Martinmasse, of
such money as was then currant gold,
or silver, not overmuch clipped or wa
shed, to wit, That if the Noble were
worth 5. s. 8. d. then the King should
take it for a full Noble, of 6. s. 8. d.
And if it were lesse of value, than 5. s.
8. d. then the person that gold,
to make it good to the value of 5. s. 8. d.
the King alway receiving it for an whole
Noble of six shillings 8. d. And if the
Noble so payed were better than 5. s.
8. d. the King to pay againe the surplus
age, that it was better than 5. s. 8. d.
Also this yeere was such scarcity of
white mony,
More plē
ty of coyn in gold than in sil
ver.
that though a Noble were
ty of coyn in gold than in sil
ver.
so good of gold, and weight, as six shil
lings eight pence; men could get no
white money fro them.
In the yeere 1465. King Edward the
fourth caused a new coyne, both of gold
and silver to be made,
ned much, for he made of an old Noble,
a Royall: which he commanded to goe
for ten s. Neverthelesse to the same
Royall was put 8. d. of allay, and so
weyed the more,
new stampe, to wit, a Rose. Hee like
wise made halfe Angels of 5. s. And far
things of 5. s. 6. d. Angelets of 6. s.
8. d. And halfe Angels 3. s. 4. d. Hee
made silver money of three pence, a
groat, and so of other coynes after that
rate, to the great harme of the Com
mons.
fourth caused a new coyne, both of gold
and silver to be made,
Coines of gold allay
ed, and al
so raised in value.
whereby he gaied, and al
so raised in value.
ned much, for he made of an old Noble,
a Royall: which he commanded to goe
for ten s. Neverthelesse to the same
Royall was put 8. d. of allay, and so
weyed the more,
Rose No
bles.
being smitten with a
bles.
new stampe, to wit, a Rose. Hee like
wise made halfe Angels of 5. s. And far
things of 5. s. 6. d. Angelets of 6. s.
8. d. And halfe Angels 3. s. 4. d. Hee
made silver money of three pence, a
groat, and so of other coynes after that
rate, to the great harme of the Com
mons.
W.8 Lord Hastings the Kings Cham
berlaine, being Master of the Kings Mints,
saith the Record, undertooke to make the
monies under forme following: to wit, of
gold a peece of 8. s. 4. d. starling, which
should be called a Noble of gold, of the which
there should be fifty such peeces in the pound
weight of the Tower. Another piece of gold,
4. s. 2. d. of starlings, and to be of them an
hundred such pieces in the pound. And a
third piece of gold, 2. s. 1. d. starling, two
hundred such pieces in the pound, every
pound weight of the Tower to be worth 20.
l’. 16. s. 8. d. of starlings, the which should
be 23. Carits, 3. graines, and halfe 5. &c.
and for silver, 37. s. 6. d. of starlings, the
piece of 4. pence, to be 112. Groats, and 2.
pence in the pound weight.
berlaine, being Master of the Kings Mints,
saith the Record, undertooke to make the
monies under forme following: to wit, of
gold a peece of 8. s. 4. d. starling, which
should be called a Noble of gold, of the which
there should be fifty such peeces in the pound
weight of the Tower. Another piece of gold,
4. s. 2. d. of starlings, and to be of them an
hundred
Towers and Castles.
hundred such pieces in the pound. And a
third piece of gold, 2. s. 1. d. starling, two
hundred such pieces in the pound, every
pound weight of the Tower to be worth 20.
l’. 16. s. 8. d. of starlings, the which should
be 23. Carits, 3. graines, and halfe 5. &c.
and for silver, 37. s. 6. d. of starlings, the
piece of 4. pence, to be 112. Groats, and 2.
pence in the pound weight.
In the yeere 1504. King Henry the
seventh appointed a new coyne;
a Groat, and halfe a Groat, which bare
but halfe faces. The same time also was
coyned a Groat, which was in value 12.
d. but of those but a few, after the rate
of forty pence the ounce.
seventh appointed a new coyne;
Halfe fa
ced groats.
to wit,
ced groats.
a Groat, and halfe a Groat, which bare
but halfe faces. The same time also was
coyned a Groat, which was in value 12.
d. but of those but a few, after the rate
of forty pence the ounce.
In the yeere 1526. the 18. of Hen. the
eight, the Angell Noble, being then the
sixt part of an ounce Troy, so that six
Angels were just an ounce, which was
40. shillings starling, and the Angell
was also worth two ounces of silver; so
that six Angels were worth 12. ounces
of silver,
mation was made on the 6. of Septem
ber, that the Angell should goe for 7.
s. 4. d. the Royall for 11. s. and the
Crowne for 4. s. 4. d. And on the 5.
of November following, againe by Pro
clamation, the Angell was enhaunced
to 7. s. 6. d. and so every ounce a gold
to be 45. s. and the ounce of silver at 3.
9. d. in value.
eight, the Angell Noble, being then the
sixt part of an ounce Troy, so that six
Angels were just an ounce, which was
40. shillings starling, and the Angell
was also worth two ounces of silver; so
that six Angels were worth 12. ounces
of silver,
Gold and silver en
haunced.
which was 40. s. A Proclahaunced.
mation was made on the 6. of Septem
ber, that the Angell should goe for 7.
s. 4. d. the Royall for 11. s. and the
Crowne for 4. s. 4. d. And on the 5.
of November following, againe by Pro
clamation, the Angell was enhaunced
to 7. s. 6. d. and so every ounce a gold
to be 45. s. and the ounce of silver at 3.
9. d. in value.
In the yeere 1544. the 35. of Henry
the 8. on the 16. of May, Proclamation
was made, for the enhauncing of gold
to 48. shillings, and silver to 4. shillings
the ounce. Also the King caused to bee
coyned base monies, to wit, pieces of
12. d. 6. d. 4. d. & 1. d. in weight
as the late starling, in shew good silver,
but inwardly Copper. These pieces
had whole or broad faces, and continu
ed currant after that rate, till the 5. of
Edward the 6. when they were on the 9.
of Iuly9 called downe, the shilling to 9.
d. the Groat to 3. d. &c. and on the 17.
of Auguſt10 from 9. d. to 6. d. &c. And
on the 30. of October,11 was published
new coynes of silver and gold to bee
made,
piece 2. s. 6. d. of 12. d. of 6. d. a pen
ny with a double Rose, a halfe penny a
single Rose, and a farthing with a Port
close. Coyns of fine Gold, a whole So
veraigne of 30. s. an Angell of 10. s.
an Angeler of 5. s. Of Crowne gold, a
Soveraigne 20. s. halfe Soveraigne 10.
s. 5. s. 2. s. 6. d. and base monies to
passe as afore, which continued till the
2. of Queene Elizabeth then called to a
lower rate, taken to the Mint, and refi
ned, the silver whereof being coyned
with a new stampe of her Majesty, the
drosse was carried to foule high
waies, to heighten them. This base mo
nies (for the time) caused the old star
ling monies to be hoorded up,
have seene 21. s. currant, given for one
old Angell to gild withall. Also rents
of lands and tenements, with prices of
victuals, were raised farre beyond the
former rates, hardly since to be brought
downe. Thus much for base monies,
coyned and currant in England have I
knowne: But for Leather monies, as
many people have fondly talked, I find
no such matter. I read that King Iohn
of France, being taken prisoner, by Ed
ward the blacke Prince, at the Battell
of Poytiers, payed a ransome of 3. Milli
ons of Florences, whereby, he brought
the Realme of France into such poverty,
that many yeeres after they used Lea
ther money, with a little stud or nayle
of silver in the midst thereof. Thus
much for Mint, and coynage, by occa
sion of this Tower (under correction of
other more skilfull) may suffice. And
now to other accidents there.
the 8. on the 16. of May, Proclamation
was made, for the enhauncing of gold
to 48. shillings, and silver to 4. shillings
the ounce. Also the King caused to bee
coyned base monies, to wit, pieces of
12. d. 6. d. 4. d. & 1. d. in weight
as the late starling, in shew good silver,
but inwardly Copper. These pieces
had whole or broad faces, and continu
ed currant after that rate, till the 5. of
Edward the 6. when they were on the 9.
of Iuly9 called downe, the shilling to 9.
d. the Groat to 3. d. &c. and on the 17.
of Auguſt10 from 9. d. to 6. d. &c. And
on the 30. of October,11 was published
new coynes of silver and gold to bee
made,
Crownes and halfe Crownes of silver coyned.
a piece of silver 5. s. starling, a
piece 2. s. 6. d. of 12. d. of 6. d. a pen
ny with a double Rose, a halfe penny a
single Rose, and a farthing with a Port
close. Coyns of fine Gold, a whole So
veraigne of 30. s. an Angell of 10. s.
an Angeler of 5. s. Of Crowne gold, a
Soveraigne 20. s. halfe Soveraigne 10.
s. 5. s. 2. s. 6. d. and base monies to
passe as afore, which continued till the
2. of Queene Elizabeth then called to a
lower rate, taken to the Mint, and refi
ned, the silver whereof being coyned
with a new stampe of her Majesty, the
drosse was carried to foule high
waies, to heighten them. This base mo
nies (for the time) caused the old star
ling monies to be hoorded up,
Starling monies hoorded up, 21. s. currant, given for an Angell of gold.
so that I
have seene 21. s. currant, given for one
old Angell to gild withall. Also rents
of lands and tenements, with prices of
victuals, were raised farre beyond the
former rates, hardly since to be brought
downe. Thus much for base monies,
coyned and currant in England have I
knowne: But for Leather monies, as
many people have fondly talked, I find
no such matter. I read that King Iohn
of France, being taken prisoner, by Ed
ward the blacke Prince, at the Battell
of Poytiers, payed a ransome of 3. Milli
ons of Florences, whereby, he brought
the Realme of France into such poverty,
Leather mony in France.
that many yeeres after they used Lea
ther money, with a little stud or nayle
of silver in the midst thereof. Thus
much for Mint, and coynage, by occa
sion of this Tower (under correction of
other more skilfull) may suffice. And
now to other accidents there.
In the yeere 1360. the peace be
tweene England and France being confir
med, King Edward came over into Eng
land, and straight to the Tower, to see
the French King then prisoner there,
whose ransome hee assessed at 3. Milli
ons of Florences, and so delivered him
from prison, and brought him with ho
nour to the Sea.
tweene England and France being confir
med, King Edward came over into Eng
land, and straight to the Tower, to see
the French King then prisoner there,
whose ransome hee assessed at 3. Milli
ons of Florences, and so delivered him
from prison, and brought him with ho
nour to the Sea.
In the yeere 1381. and the fourth
yeere of the reigne of King Richard the
second, was granted to the King a grie
vous tax and tallage of his subjects, both
spirituall and temporall: through the
which was raised in England a ship
wracke of great troubles. For divers
Courtiers, desirous to enrich them
selves with other mens goods, enformed
the King and his Court, that the tallage
was not gathered up faithfully to the
Kings use by the Collection. Where
upon, they offered to the King, that
they would pay a great summe of mo
ney for the farme of that, which they
would gather over and above that which
had beene paid, if they might be by the
King thereunto authorized.
yeere of the reigne of King Richard the
second, was granted to the King a grie
vous tax and tallage of his subjects, both
spirituall and temporall: through the
which was raised in England a ship
wracke of great troubles. For divers
Courtiers, desirous to enrich them
selves with other mens goods, enformed
the King and his Court, that the tallage
was not gathered up faithfully to the
Kings use by the Collection. Where
upon, they offered to the King, that
they
Towers and Castles.
they would pay a great summe of mo
ney for the farme of that, which they
would gather over and above that which
had beene paid, if they might be by the
King thereunto authorized.
Some of them getting the Kings Let
ters and Authority,
of Essex and Kent, and handled the peo
ple sore and uncourteously, almost not
to be spoken, for the levying of the said
summe of money: which some of the
people taking in evill part; they secret
ly tooke counsell together, gathered as
sistants, and resisted the exactors, rising
against them, of whom, some they slew,
some they wounded, and the rest fled.
ters and Authority,
The peo
ple misu
sed in ve
ry base manner.
sate in divers places
ple misu
sed in ve
ry base manner.
of Essex and Kent, and handled the peo
ple sore and uncourteously, almost not
to be spoken, for the levying of the said
summe of money: which some of the
people taking in evill part; they secret
ly tooke counsell together, gathered as
sistants, and resisted the exactors, rising
against them, of whom, some they slew,
some they wounded, and the rest fled.
This tumult beganne principally in
Kent,
the same set downe in a Chronicle of
S. Albans: One of the Collectors of the
Groats, or pole money, comming to the
house of Iohn (others say Watt) Tylar, in
the Towne of Dartford in Kent, deman
ded of the Tylars wife, for her Husband,
for her selfe, for her servants, and for
their daughter (a young maiden) every
one of them a Groat;
wife denyed not to pay, saving for her
daughter; who (she said) was a childe,
and not to bee accounted as a woman.
That will I soone wete (answered the
Collector) and taking the yong maiden
dishonestly turned her up to search
whether shee were under-growne with
haire, or not; for in many places they
had made the like shamefull tryall.
Whereupon,
which caused neighbours to come in,
and her husband (being at worke in the
same Towne, tyling of an house) when
he heard thereof, caught his Lathing
staffe in his hand, and ran presently
home: where reasoning with the Col
lector; who made him to be so bold? The
Collector answered with stout words, &
strake at the Tylar. But the Tylar avoy
ding the blow, smote the Collector with
his Lathing-staffe, that the braines flew
out of his head: where-through great
noyse arose in the streets, and the poore
people being glad, every one prepared
to support the said Iohn Tylar.
Kent,
The Ken
tish men a
rise in a tumult, for there the mischiefe began.
and after this manner, as I finde
tish men a
rise in a tumult, for there the mischiefe began.
the same set downe in a Chronicle of
S. Albans: One of the Collectors of the
Groats, or pole money, comming to the
house of Iohn (others say Watt) Tylar, in
the Towne of Dartford in Kent, deman
ded of the Tylars wife, for her Husband,
for her selfe, for her servants, and for
their daughter (a young maiden) every
one of them a Groat;
The pole groat cal
led (by some) the groape groat.
which the Tylars
led (by some) the groape groat.
wife denyed not to pay, saving for her
daughter; who (she said) was a childe,
and not to bee accounted as a woman.
That will I soone wete (answered the
Collector) and taking the yong maiden
dishonestly turned her up to search
whether shee were under-growne with
haire, or not; for in many places they
had made the like shamefull tryall.
Whereupon,
The hus
band com
meth home ha
stily from his worke.
her mother cryed out,
band com
meth home ha
stily from his worke.
which caused neighbours to come in,
and her husband (being at worke in the
same Towne, tyling of an house) when
he heard thereof, caught his Lathing
staffe in his hand, and ran presently
home: where reasoning with the Col
lector; who made him to be so bold? The
Collector answered with stout words, &
strake at the Tylar. But the Tylar avoy
ding the blow, smote the Collector with
his Lathing-staffe, that the braines flew
out of his head: where-through great
noyse arose in the streets, and the poore
people being glad, every one prepared
to support the said Iohn Tylar.
Thus the Commons being drawne
together, went to Maidstone, and from
thence backe againe to Black-heath, and
so (in short time) they stirred all the
Country (in a manner) to the like com
motion. Then, besetting the waies that
led to Canterbury, arrested all passengers,
compelling them to sweare:
they should keepe allegeance to King Ri
chard, and to the Commons: And that
they should accept no King that was named
Iohn: in envy they bare unto Iohn Duke
of Lancaster, who named himselfe King of
Castile: And that they should bee ready
whensoever they were called, and that they
should agree to no taxe, to be levied (from
thenceforth) in the Kingdome, nor consent
to any, except it were a fifteene.
together, went to Maidstone, and from
thence backe againe to Black-heath, and
so (in short time) they stirred all the
Country (in a manner) to the like com
motion. Then, besetting the waies that
led to Canterbury, arrested all passengers,
compelling them to sweare:
An oath exacted by the Rebels on all pas
sengers.
First, that
sengers.
they should keepe allegeance to King Ri
chard, and to the Commons: And that
they should accept no King that was named
Iohn: in envy they bare unto Iohn Duke
of Lancaster, who named himselfe King of
Castile: And that they should bee ready
whensoever they were called, and that they
should agree to no taxe, to be levied (from
thenceforth) in the Kingdome, nor consent
to any, except it were a fifteene.
The Fame of these doings spread in
to Sussex,
bridgeshires, Norfolke, Suffolke, &c. And
when such assembling of the common
people daily tooke encrease, and that
their number was now made almost in
finite, so that they feared no man to re
sist them: they began to shew some such
desperate Acts, as they had rashly con
sidered on in their minds: And tooke in
hand to behead all men of Law,
Apprentices, as utter-Baristers, and old
Justices, with all the Jurors of the coun
try, whom they might get into their
hands. They spared none whom they
thought to be learned, especially, if they
found any to have a Pen and Inke-horne
about him: they pulled off his Hood,
and all with one voyce crying, Hale him
out, and cut off his head.
and other of Essex, being joyned with
them of Kent on Black-heath, there came
Knights to them from the King, to en
quire the cause of their assembly: to
whom they made answer, That for cer
taine causes, they were come together,
to have talke with the King: And ther
fore willed the Knights to tell him, that
he must needs come unto them, that he
might understand the desire of their
hearts.
to Sussex,
Evill news do alwaies quickly spread them
selves.
Hertford, Essex, and Camselves.
bridgeshires, Norfolke, Suffolke, &c. And
when such assembling of the common
people daily tooke encrease, and that
their number was now made almost in
finite, so that they feared no man to re
sist them: they began to shew some such
desperate Acts, as they had rashly con
sidered on in their minds: And tooke in
hand to behead all men of Law,
Iustice, Lawyers, and Iurors beheaded.
as well
Apprentices, as utter-Baristers, and old
Justices, with all the Jurors of the coun
try, whom they might get into their
hands. They spared none whom they
thought to be learned, especially, if they
found any to have a Pen and Inke-horne
about him: they pulled off his Hood,
and all with one voyce crying, Hale him
out, and cut off his head.
Bondmen of Essex joyne with them of Kent.
The bondmen
and other of Essex, being joyned with
them of Kent on Black-heath, there came
Knights to them from the King, to en
quire the cause of their assembly: to
whom they made answer, That for cer
taine causes, they were come together,
to have talke with the King: And ther
fore willed the Knights to tell him, that
he must needs come unto them, that he
might understand the desire of their
hearts.
The King was counselled by some, to
make haste unto them:
bury, Archbishop of Canterbury, Lord
Chancelor, and Robert Hales of Saint
Iohns, Treasurer, affirmed: that it was
not meet for the King to goe to such a
rude company, but rather some order
to be taken for their suppression.
when the Commons heard, being mo
ved to a furious rage, they swore, that
they would goe seeke the Kings Tray
tors, to take off their heads. Forthwith
they took their journey towards London,
and came to Southwarke, where they fel
led all the places of that Borough, and in
the Countrey about. They spoiled the
Archbishops Palace at Lambeth, for de
spight they bare him. The Lord Maior
of London and Aldermen (fearing the
Cities spoyle) decreed to shut up the
Gates: But the Commons of the City,
especially the poorer people, favouring
the Commons of the Country; would
not suffer the Maior to shut them out,
but threatned death to them that went
about it.
make haste unto them:
Ex Chron. Dun.
but Simon Sudbury, Archbishop of Canterbury, Lord
Chancelor, and Robert Hales of Saint
Iohns, Treasurer, affirmed: that it was
not meet for the King to goe to such a
rude company, but rather some order
to be taken for their suppression.
Insolent fury is ea
sily mo
ved.
Which
sily mo
ved.
when the Commons heard, being mo
ved to a furious rage, they swore, that
they would goe seeke the Kings Tray
tors,
Towers and Castles.
tors, to take off their heads. Forthwith
they took their journey towards London,
and came to Southwarke, where they fel
led all the places of that Borough, and in
the Countrey about. They spoiled the
Archbishops Palace at Lambeth, for de
spight they bare him. The Lord Maior
of London and Aldermen (fearing the
Cities spoyle) decreed to shut up the
Gates: But the Commons of the City,
especially the poorer people, favouring
the Commons of the Country; would
not suffer the Maior to shut them out,
but threatned death to them that went
about it.
All the night following, to wit, Cor
pus Christi Even,12
free ingate and outgate, and encouraged
the Commons of London, as also of all
the Realme, to favour their cause. For,
said they, their purpose was but to
search out the Traytors of the Land, and
so to cease. The more credit was given
to speeches, because they tooke nothing
from any man, but at a just price: and if
they found any man with theft, they be
headed him. The morrow after, to wit,
on Corpus Christi day,13 comming into
the Citie, talking with the Commons
of procuring liberty to them, and appre
hending of Traytors (as they tearmed
them) especially the Duke of Lancaster:
they shortly got all the poorer Citizens
to conspire with them. And the same
day after it was waxen somewhat warm,
and that they had tasted divers Wines
(for the Citizens did set open their
Cellers for them, to enter at their plea
sure) they exhorted each other, that go
ing to the Savoy, the Duke of Lancasters
house (to the which there was none in
the whole Realme to be compared, for
beauty and statelinesse) they might set
it on fire, and burne it downe to the
ground.
pus Christi Even,12
The Com
mons of London hartned on by the Rebels.
the Rebels enjoyed
mons of London hartned on by the Rebels.
free ingate and outgate, and encouraged
the Commons of London, as also of all
the Realme, to favour their cause. For,
said they, their purpose was but to
search out the Traytors of the Land, and
so to cease. The more credit was given
to speeches, because they tooke nothing
from any man, but at a just price: and if
they found any man with theft, they be
headed him. The morrow after, to wit,
on Corpus Christi day,13 comming into
the Citie, talking with the Commons
of procuring liberty to them, and appre
hending of Traytors (as they tearmed
them) especially the Duke of Lancaster:
they shortly got all the poorer Citizens
to conspire with them. And the same
day after it was waxen somewhat warm,
and that they had tasted divers Wines
(for the Citizens did set open their
Cellers for them, to enter at their plea
sure) they exhorted each other, that go
ing to the Savoy, the Duke of Lancasters
house (to the which there was none in
the whole Realme to be compared, for
beauty and statelinesse) they might set
it on fire, and burne it downe to the
ground.
Straightway they ran thither, and set
ting fire on it round about, applied their
travell to destroy it. And that it might
appeare to the Communalty, that they
did not any thing for avarice: they cau
sed to be proclaimed, that none (upon
paine of losing his head) should pre
sume to convert to his owne use,
thing that was there; but that they
should breake such Plate, and vessels of
Gold and Silver (as was there in great
plenty) into small pieces, and then to
throw the same into the Thames, and so
all (whatsover) was destroyed. But
one of the Rebels (saith Henry Kniton)
contrary to the Proclamation,
goodly silver piece, and hid it in his bo
some: but another that espied him, told
his fellowes, who (forthwith) hurled
him and the piece of Plate into the fire,
saying, We be zealous of Truth and Iustice,
and not theeves or robbers. Also, two and
thirty of those Rebels entred a Celler of
the Savoy,
of sweet Wines, that they were not able
to come out againe in time: but were
shut in with wood and stones, that mu
red up the doore, where they were heard
crying and calling seven dayes after, but
none came to helpe them out, till they
were all dead.
ting fire on it round about, applied their
travell to destroy it. And that it might
appeare to the Communalty, that they
did not any thing for avarice: they cau
sed to be proclaimed, that none (upon
paine of losing his head) should pre
sume to convert to his owne use,
The Re
bels would have no
thing to a
ny private mans use.
any
bels would have no
thing to a
ny private mans use.
thing that was there; but that they
should breake such Plate, and vessels of
Gold and Silver (as was there in great
plenty) into small pieces, and then to
throw the same into the Thames, and so
all (whatsover) was destroyed. But
one of the Rebels (saith Henry Kniton)
contrary to the Proclamation,
Ex Hen. Kniton.
tooke a
goodly silver piece, and hid it in his bo
some: but another that espied him, told
his fellowes, who (forthwith) hurled
him and the piece of Plate into the fire,
The Re
bels burne one of these fel
lowes.
bels burne one of these fel
lowes.
saying, We be zealous of Truth and Iustice,
and not theeves or robbers. Also, two and
thirty of those Rebels entred a Celler of
the Savoy,
Two and thirty Re
bels mu
red up in a Celler.
where they dranke so much
bels mu
red up in a Celler.
of sweet Wines, that they were not able
to come out againe in time: but were
shut in with wood and stones, that mu
red up the doore, where they were heard
crying and calling seven dayes after, but
none came to helpe them out, till they
were all dead.
These things being done,
they brake
downe the place called the new Tem
ple at the Barre, in which place, Ap
prentices at the Law were lodged: for
anger which they had conceived against
Sir Robert Hales, Master of Saint Iohns
Hospitall, unto which Hospitall of St.
Iohns the Temple belonged, where ma
ny Monuments, which the Lawyers had
in their custody, were consumed with
fire. After a number of them had sac
ked this Temple: what with wearinesse
of labour, and what with Wine, being
overcome,
wals and housing, and were slaine like
Swine; one of them killing another for
old grudges, and other also made quick
dispatch of them.
downe the place called the new Tem
ple at the Barre, in which place, Ap
prentices at the Law were lodged: for
anger which they had conceived against
Sir Robert Hales, Master of Saint Iohns
Hospitall, unto which Hospitall of St.
Iohns the Temple belonged, where ma
ny Monuments, which the Lawyers had
in their custody, were consumed with
fire. After a number of them had sac
ked this Temple: what with wearinesse
of labour, and what with Wine, being
overcome,
The Re
bels mur
ther one another.
they lay downe under the
bels mur
ther one another.
wals and housing, and were slaine like
Swine; one of them killing another for
old grudges, and other also made quick
dispatch of them.
Another troope (in the meane time)
set fire on the noble house of Saint Iohn
at Clarkenwell, causing it to burne by the
space of seven dayes together, not suffe
ring any to quench it. On Friday, they
burned the Manor of Highburie,
whole number of the Common people
(being at that time) divided into three
parts. Of the which division,
was attending to destroy the Manor of
Highbury, and other places belonging to
the Priory of Saint Iohn. Another com
pany lay at the Miles-end, East of the
City. The third kept at the Tower-hill,
There to spoile the King of such victu
als, as were brought toward him. The
company that were assembled on the
Miles-end, sent to command the King,
that hee should come to them without
delay, unarmed, or without any force:
which if he refused to doe, they would
pull downe the Tower, neither should
he escape alive. The King taking coun
sell, with a few unarmed, went toward
them in great feare on Horseback: and
so the Gates of the Tower being set o
pen, a great multitude of them entred
into it.
set fire on the noble house of Saint Iohn
at Clarkenwell, causing it to burne by the
space of seven dayes together, not suffe
ring any to quench it. On Friday, they
burned the Manor of Highburie,
The Ma
nor of Highbury burnt.
the
nor of Highbury burnt.
whole number of the Common people
(being at that time) divided into three
parts. Of the which division,
The Re
bels divi
ded into 3. bands.
one part
bels divi
ded into 3. bands.
was attending to destroy the Manor of
Highbury, and other places belonging to
the Priory of Saint Iohn. Another com
pany lay at the Miles-end, East of the
City. The third kept at the Tower-hill,
There to spoile the King of such victu
als, as were brought toward him. The
company that were assembled on the
Miles-end, sent to command the King,
F
that
Towers and Castles.
that hee should come to them without
delay, unarmed, or without any force:
which if he refused to doe, they would
pull downe the Tower, neither should
he escape alive. The King taking coun
sell, with a few unarmed, went toward
them in great feare on Horseback: and
so the Gates of the Tower being set o
pen, a great multitude of them entred
into it.
There was (at the same time) within
the Tower 600. Armed valiant persons,
and expert in Armes, and sixe hundred
Archers: all which did quaile in sto
macke, and stood as men amazed. For
the basest of the Rusticks (not many to
gether, but every one by himselfe) durst
presume to enter the Kings Chamber,
and his Mothers, with their weapons,
to put in feare each of the men of War,
Knights and other. Many of them went
into the Kings Privie-Chamber, and
played the wantons, in sitting, lying
and sporting them on the Kings Bed.
And that which is much more sawcily,
invited the Kings Mother, to kisse with
them: yet durst none of those men of
Warre (strange to bee said) once with
stand them: they went in and out like
Masters, that were but base slaves, and
of most vile condition.
the Tower 600. Armed valiant persons,
and expert in Armes, and sixe hundred
Archers: all which did quaile in sto
macke, and stood as men amazed. For
the basest of the Rusticks (not many to
gether, but every one by himselfe) durst
presume to enter the Kings Chamber,
and his Mothers, with their weapons,
to put in feare each of the men of War,
Knights and other. Many of them went
into the Kings Privie-Chamber, and
played the wantons, in sitting, lying
and sporting them on the Kings Bed.
And that which is much more sawcily,
Their bold insolence to the Kings Mo
ther.
ther.
invited the Kings Mother, to kisse with
them: yet durst none of those men of
Warre (strange to bee said) once with
stand them: they went in and out like
Masters, that were but base slaves, and
of most vile condition.
While these rude wretches sought
for the Archbishop,
downe with terrible noyse and fury: at
length, finding one of his servants, they
charged him to bring them where his
Master was, whom they named Tray
tor. The servant not daring to displease
them, brought them to the Chappell:
where, after Masse had been said, and
having received the Communion, the
Arch-bishop was busie in his prayers:
for,
and purpose, he had passed the last night
in confessing of his sinnes, and in devout
prayers. When therefore he heard that
they were come, with great constancy,
he said to his men: Let us now goe, surely
it is best to dye, when it is no pleasure to
live. And with that, the tormentors en
tring, cryed, Where is the Traytor?
The Archbishop answered: Behold, I
am the Archbishop, whom you seeke,
not a Traytor. They therfore laid hands
on him, and dragging him out of the
Chappell, they drew him forth of the
Tower gate, to the Tower-hill, where
being compassed about with many
thousands, and seeing swords about his
head drawn in excessive manner, threat
ning death to him, he spake unto them
in these words.
for the Archbishop,
The Re
bels sought for the Archbi
shop of Canturbury.
running up and
bels sought for the Archbi
shop of Canturbury.
downe with terrible noyse and fury: at
length, finding one of his servants, they
charged him to bring them where his
Master was, whom they named Tray
tor. The servant not daring to displease
them, brought them to the Chappell:
where, after Masse had been said, and
having received the Communion, the
Arch-bishop was busie in his prayers:
for,
The Arch
bishop dreadlesse of the Re
bels cruel
ty, and his speeches with them.
not unknowing of their comming
bishop dreadlesse of the Re
bels cruel
ty, and his speeches with them.
and purpose, he had passed the last night
in confessing of his sinnes, and in devout
prayers. When therefore he heard that
they were come, with great constancy,
he said to his men: Let us now goe, surely
it is best to dye, when it is no pleasure to
live. And with that, the tormentors en
tring, cryed, Where is the Traytor?
The Archbishop answered: Behold, I
am the Archbishop, whom you seeke,
not a Traytor. They therfore laid hands
on him, and dragging him out of the
Chappell, they drew him forth of the
Tower gate, to the Tower-hill, where
being compassed about with many
thousands, and seeing swords about his
head drawn in excessive manner, threat
ning death to him, he spake unto them
in these words.
What is it (deare brethren) you purpose
to doe? What is mine offence committed a
gainst you, for which you will kill me? You
were best to take heed, that if I be killed, who
am your Pastor, there come not on you the
indignation of the iust Revenger, or (at the
least) for such a fact, all England be not put
under interdiction. Vnneath could hee
pronounce these words, before they cry
ed out with an horrible noise: That they
neither feared the interdiction, nor al
lowed the Pope to be above them. The
Archbishop seeing death at hand, with
comfortable words (as hee was an
eloquent man, and wise, beyond all the
wise men of the Realme) spake fairely
to them.
ted to the executioner, that should be
head him, kneeling down, he offered his
necke to him that should smite off his
head. Being stricken in the necke, but
not deadly, hee putting his necke, said,
Aha, it is the hand of God. He had not
removed his hand from the place where
the paine was, but that being suddenly
stricken againe, his fingers ends being
cut off, and part of the Arteries, he fell
downe, but yet he dyed not, till being
mangled with 8. severall strokes in the
necke and head, he fulfilled most wor
thy Martyrdome.
unburied all that Friday, and the mor
row till afternoone, none daring to deli
ver his body to Sepulture. His head
those wicked villaines tooke, and nay
ling thereon his Hood, they fixed it on
a pole, and set it on London Bridge, in
place where before stood the head of Sir
Iohn Minstarworth.
to doe? What is mine offence committed a
gainst you, for which you will kill me? You
were best to take heed, that if I be killed, who
am your Pastor, there come not on you the
indignation of the iust Revenger, or (at the
least) for such a fact, all England be not put
under interdiction. Vnneath could hee
pronounce these words, before they cry
ed out with an horrible noise: That they
neither feared the interdiction, nor al
lowed the Pope to be above them. The
Archbishop seeing death at hand, with
comfortable words (as hee was an
eloquent man, and wise, beyond all the
wise men of the Realme) spake fairely
to them.
The Arch
bishop of Canturbury most cru
elly behea
ded by the Rebels.
Lastly, after forgivenesse granbishop of Canturbury most cru
elly behea
ded by the Rebels.
ted to the executioner, that should be
head him, kneeling down, he offered his
necke to him that should smite off his
head. Being stricken in the necke, but
not deadly, hee putting his necke, said,
Aha, it is the hand of God. He had not
removed his hand from the place where
the paine was, but that being suddenly
stricken againe, his fingers ends being
cut off, and part of the Arteries, he fell
downe, but yet he dyed not, till being
mangled with 8. severall strokes in the
necke and head, he fulfilled most wor
thy Martyrdome.
The inhu
manity to his body after hee was dead
There lay his body
manity to his body after hee was dead
unburied all that Friday, and the mor
row till afternoone, none daring to deli
ver his body to Sepulture. His head
those wicked villaines tooke, and nay
ling thereon his Hood, they fixed it on
a pole, and set it on London Bridge, in
place where before stood the head of Sir
Iohn Minstarworth.
This Archbishop, Simon Tibald, alias
Sudbury,
tleman, borne in the Towne of Sudbury
in Suffolke, Doctor of both Lawes, was
eighteene yeeres Bishop of London, in
the which time, hee builded a goodly
Colledge, in place where his Fathers
house stood, and endued it with great
possessions: furnishing the same with
secular Clarks, and other Ministers,
being valued at the suppression, at 122.
builded the upper end of St. Gregories
Church at Sudbury. Afterward, being
translated to the Archbishopricke of
Canturbury,
the Wals of that City, from the West
gate (which he builded) to the North
gate: which had been destroyed by the
Danes, before the Conquest of King Wil
liam the Bastard.
Sudbury,
A further relation concer
ning this worthy Archbi
shop, and his religi
ous acti
ons.
Son to Nicholas Tibald, Genning this worthy Archbi
shop, and his religi
ous acti
ons.
tleman, borne in the Towne of Sudbury
in Suffolke, Doctor of both Lawes, was
eighteene yeeres Bishop of London, in
the which time, hee builded a goodly
Colledge, in place where his Fathers
house stood, and endued it with great
possessions: furnishing the same with
secular Clarks, and other Ministers,
being valued at the suppression, at 122.
l. 16. s
Towers and Castles.
l. 16. s. in Lands by the yeere. Hee
builded the upper end of St. Gregories
Church at Sudbury. Afterward, being
translated to the Archbishopricke of
Canturbury,
The Wals of Cantur
bury re-e
dified by this Arch
bishop.
in An. 1375. he re-edified
bury re-e
dified by this Arch
bishop.
the Wals of that City, from the West
gate (which he builded) to the North
gate: which had been destroyed by the
Danes, before the Conquest of King Wil
liam the Bastard.
Hee was slaine, as you have heard,
and afterward buried in the Cathedrall
Church of Canturbury. There died with
him Sir Robert Hales, a most valiant
Knight, Lord of Saint Iohns, and Trea
surer of England, and Iohn Degge, one of
the Kings Serjeants at Armes, and a
Franciscane Fryer, named W. Apledore,
the Kings Confessor. Richard Lyons also,
a famous Lapidary and Goldsmith, late
one of the Sheriffs of London, was drawn
out of his house,
Many that day were beheaded, as well
Flemmings, as Englishmen, for no cause;
but only to fulfill the cruelty of the rude
Commons. For it was a solemne pa
stime to them, if they could take any
that was not sworne to them, to take
from such a one his Hood, with their
accustomed clamours, and forthwith to
behead him. Neither did they shew a
ny reverence to sacred places; for in the
very Churches they did kill any whom
they had in hatred. They fetched 13.
Flemmings out of the Augustines Fryers
Church in London, and 17. out of ano
ther Church, and 32. in the Vintry, and
so in other places of the Citie, as also in
Southwarke, all which they beheaded:
except they could plainely pronounce
Bread and Cheese.
sounded any thing on Brot or Cawse,
off went their heads, as a sure marke
that they were Flemmings.
and afterward buried in the Cathedrall
Church of Canturbury. There died with
him Sir Robert Hales, a most valiant
Knight, Lord of Saint Iohns, and Trea
surer of England, and Iohn Degge, one of
the Kings Serjeants at Armes, and a
Franciscane Fryer, named W. Apledore,
the Kings Confessor. Richard Lyons also,
a famous Lapidary and Goldsmith, late
one of the Sheriffs of London, was drawn
out of his house,
Many be
headed both Flem
mings and English to fulfill the head
strong cru
elty of the commons.
and beheaded in Cheap.
headed both Flem
mings and English to fulfill the head
strong cru
elty of the commons.
Many that day were beheaded, as well
Flemmings, as Englishmen, for no cause;
but only to fulfill the cruelty of the rude
Commons. For it was a solemne pa
stime to them, if they could take any
that was not sworne to them, to take
from such a one his Hood, with their
accustomed clamours, and forthwith to
behead him. Neither did they shew a
ny reverence to sacred places; for in the
very Churches they did kill any whom
they had in hatred. They fetched 13.
Flemmings out of the Augustines Fryers
Church in London, and 17. out of ano
ther Church, and 32. in the Vintry, and
so in other places of the Citie, as also in
Southwarke, all which they beheaded:
except they could plainely pronounce
Bread and Cheese.
The vil
laines made a pastime of putting men to death.
For if their speech
laines made a pastime of putting men to death.
sounded any thing on Brot or Cawse,
off went their heads, as a sure marke
that they were Flemmings.
The King comming to the Miles-end,
the place before recited, was greatly a
fraid, beholding the mad-headed Com
mons: who (with froward countenan
ces) required many things, which they
had put in writing, and to be confirmed
by the Kings Letter Patents.
the place before recited, was greatly a
fraid, beholding the mad-headed Com
mons: who (with froward countenan
ces) required many things, which they
had put in writing, and to be confirmed
by the Kings Letter Patents.
The demands made by the Rebelles to the
King at Miles-end.
King at Miles-end.
The first Article.
THat all men should be free from servi
tude and bondage; so as (from thence
forth) there should be no bondmen.
tude and bondage; so as (from thence
forth) there should be no bondmen.
The se
cond Arti
cle.
cond Arti
cle.
That hee should pardon all men, of what
estate soever, all manner actions and insur
rections committed, and all manner of Trea
sons, Felonies, transgressions and extorti
ons, by any of them done, and to grant them
peace.
estate soever, all manner actions and insur
rections committed, and all manner of Trea
sons, Felonies, transgressions and extorti
ons, by any of them done, and to grant them
peace.
The third Article.
That all men (from thenceforth) might
bee enfranchised to buy and sell in every
County, City, Borough, Towne, Faire, Mar
ket and other place within the Realme of
England.
bee enfranchised to buy and sell in every
County, City, Borough, Towne, Faire, Mar
ket and other place within the Realme of
England.
The fourth Ar
ticle.
ticle.
That no Acre of Land, holden in bondage
or service, should bee holden but for foure
pence: And if it had been holden for lesse in
former time, it should not hereafter bee in
haunsed.
or service, should bee holden but for foure
pence: And if it had been holden for lesse in
former time, it should not hereafter bee in
haunsed.
These, and many other things they
required:
hee had beene evilly governed till that
day: but from that time forward hee
must be governed otherwise.
required:
Reprehen
sion of the Kings go
vernment.
And told him moreover, that
sion of the Kings go
vernment.
hee had beene evilly governed till that
day: but from that time forward hee
must be governed otherwise.
The King perceiving that he could not
escape,
quest, yeelded to the same: and so, cra
ving Truce departed from them,
the Essex men returned homeward. On
the morrow, being Saturday, and the
15. of Iune, the King (after dinner) went
from the Wardrobe in the Royall in
London, to Westminster, to visite the
Shrine of Saint Edward the King,
see if they had done any mischiefe there.
Then went he to the Chappell, called
our Lady in the Piew, where hee made
his prayers: and returning by the Sub
urbes of West Smithfield, he found all
that place full of people, to wit, the
Kentish men.
them, that their fellowes the Essex men
were gone home, and that hee would
grant to them the like forme of Peace, if
it liked them to accept thereof.
escape,
A hard ex
treamity for a king.
except hee granted to their retreamity for a king.
quest, yeelded to the same: and so, cra
ving Truce departed from them,
The Essex men re
turned home.
and
turned home.
the Essex men returned homeward. On
the morrow, being Saturday, and the
15. of Iune, the King (after dinner) went
from the Wardrobe in the Royall in
London, to Westminster, to visite the
Shrine of Saint Edward the King,
The King goeth to Westminster.
and to
see if they had done any mischiefe there.
Then went he to the Chappell, called
our Lady in the Piew, where hee made
his prayers: and returning by the Sub
urbes of West Smithfield, he found all
that place full of people, to wit, the
Kentish men.
The King sendeth to the Kentish men.
Wherfore he sent to shew
them, that their fellowes the Essex men
were gone home, and that hee would
grant to them the like forme of Peace, if
it liked them to accept thereof.
Their chiefe Captaine, named Iohn,
or,
Tylar, being a crafty fellow, and of an
excellent wit, but wanting grace, an
swered, That he desired peace, but with
conditions to his liking, meaning, to
feed the King with faire words untill
next day, that hee might in the night
time have compassed his purpose. For
they thought (the same night) to have
spoiled the Citie,
slaine, and the great Lords that were a
bout him: then to have burnt the City,
by setting fire in foure parts thereof.
But God that resisteth the proud, did
suddenly disappoint him. For whereas
the forme of peace was written in three
several Charters, and thrice sent to him:
none of them could please him. Where
fore at length, the King sent to him one
of his Knights, named Sir Iohn Newton,
not so much to command, as to intreat
him (for his pride was well enough
knowne) to come and talke with him,
about his owne demands, to have them
put into his Charter: of which demands
I will set downe one, that it may plain
ly appeare, how contrary to reason all
the rest were.
or,
Walter Hil
liard, alias, Tylar their chiefe Captaine.
as other affirme, Walter Hilliard, alias
liard, alias, Tylar their chiefe Captaine.
Tylar, being a crafty fellow, and of an
excellent wit, but wanting grace, an
swered, That he desired peace, but with
conditions to his liking, meaning, to
feed the King with faire words untill
next day, that hee might in the night
time have compassed his purpose. For
they thought (the same night) to have
F2
spoiled
Towers and Castles.
spoiled the Citie,
The wic
ked and bloody in
tent of the Rebels in the night time.
the King being first
ked and bloody in
tent of the Rebels in the night time.
slaine, and the great Lords that were a
bout him: then to have burnt the City,
by setting fire in foure parts thereof.
But God that resisteth the proud, did
suddenly disappoint him. For whereas
the forme of peace was written in three
several Charters, and thrice sent to him:
none of them could please him. Where
fore at length, the King sent to him one
of his Knights, named Sir Iohn Newton,
not so much to command, as to intreat
him (for his pride was well enough
knowne) to come and talke with him,
about his owne demands, to have them
put into his Charter: of which demands
I will set downe one, that it may plain
ly appeare, how contrary to reason all
the rest were.
First,
to behead all Lawyers, Escheators, and
others whatsoever, that were learned in
the Law, or communicated with the
Law, by reason of their office. For hee
had conceived in his mind, that this be
ing brought to passe, all things after
ward should bee ordered, according to
the fancy of the Common people. And
indeed it was said, that he had (but the
day before) made his vaunt, putting his
hand to his own lips:
daies came to an end, all the Lawes of
England shuld proceed from his mouth.
When Sir Iohn Newton was in hand
with him for dispatch, he answered with
indignation: If thou art so hasty, thou
maist get thee to thy Master, for I will
come when it pleaseth mee. Notwith
standing, he followed on horsebacke a
slow pace: and by the way, there came
to him a Doublet maker, who had
brought to the Commons threescore
Doublers, which they bought and wore,
and hee demanded thirty Markes for
them, but could have no payment, Wat
Tylar answered him, saying, Friend, ap
pease thy selfe, thou shalt be well pay
ed before this day be ended: keep thee
neere to me, I will be thy Creditor.
One of Wat Tylars arrogant demands made to the King.
he would have a Commission
to behead all Lawyers, Escheators, and
others whatsoever, that were learned in
the Law, or communicated with the
Law, by reason of their office. For hee
had conceived in his mind, that this be
ing brought to passe, all things after
ward should bee ordered, according to
the fancy of the Common people. And
indeed it was said, that he had (but the
day before) made his vaunt, putting his
hand to his own lips:
A bold brag of a Rebell.
that before foure
daies came to an end, all the Lawes of
England shuld proceed from his mouth.
When Sir Iohn Newton was in hand
with him for dispatch, he answered with
indignation: If thou art so hasty, thou
maist get thee to thy Master, for I will
come when it pleaseth mee. Notwith
standing, he followed on horsebacke a
slow pace: and by the way, there came
to him a Doublet maker, who had
brought to the Commons threescore
Doublers, which they bought and wore,
and hee demanded thirty Markes for
them, but could have no payment, Wat
Tylar answered him, saying, Friend, ap
pease thy selfe, thou shalt be well pay
ed before this day be ended: keep thee
neere to me, I will be thy Creditor.
Setting spurs to his horse, he depar
ted from his company, and came so
neere to the King, that his horse had
touched the crooper of the Kings horse,
and the first words he spake, were these:
Sir King, seest thou all yonder people?
Yea truely, quoth the King, wherefore
saist thou so? Because (said he) they be
all at my commandement, and have
sworne to mee their faith and truth, to
doe all that I will have them. In good
time, replyed the King, I beleeve it well.
Then said Wat Tylar, beleevest thou, King
that these people,
be in London, at my command, will de
part from thee thus, without having thy
Letters? No, said the King, yee shall
have them, they bee ordained for you,
and shall bee delivered to every one of
them.
ted from his company, and came so
neere to the King, that his horse had
touched the crooper of the Kings horse,
and the first words he spake, were these:
Sir King, seest thou all yonder people?
Yea truely, quoth the King, wherefore
saist thou so? Because (said he) they be
all at my commandement, and have
sworne to mee their faith and truth, to
doe all that I will have them. In good
time, replyed the King, I beleeve it well.
Then said Wat Tylar, beleevest thou, King
that these people,
A lamen
table case when a King should bee in such di
stresse.
and as many moe as
table case when a King should bee in such di
stresse.
be in London, at my command, will de
part from thee thus, without having thy
Letters? No, said the King, yee shall
have them, they bee ordained for you,
and shall bee delivered to every one of
them.
At these words, Wat Tylar seeing the
Knight Sir Iohn Newton neere to him
on horsebacke, bearing the Kings sword,
was offended, and said, It had become
him better to be on foot in his presence.
The Knight (not having forgot his old
accustomed manhood) answered, That
it was no harme, seeing himselfe was
also on horsebacke. Which words so
offended Wat, that he drew his Dagger,
and offered to strike the Knight, calling
him Traitor. The Knight answered, that
he lied, and drew his Dagger likewise.
Wat Tylar, not suffering such an indigni
ty to be done him, and before his rustick
companions, made as if he would have
run upon the Knight.
fore, seeing the Knight in danger, to as
swage the rigor of Wat for the time,
commanded the Knight to alight on
foot, and to deliver his Dagger to Wat
Tylar. But when his proud mind could
not bee so pacified, but hee would also
have his Sword: the Knight answered,
It was the kings sword, and (quoth he)
thou art not worthy to have it, nor durst
thou aske it of me, if here were no more
but thou and I. By my faith, said Wat
Tylar, I shall never eat, untill I have thy
head, and would have run in upon the
Knight.
Knight Sir Iohn Newton neere to him
on horsebacke, bearing the Kings sword,
was offended, and said, It had become
him better to be on foot in his presence.
The Knight (not having forgot his old
accustomed manhood) answered, That
it was no harme, seeing himselfe was
also on horsebacke. Which words so
offended Wat, that he drew his Dagger,
and offered to strike the Knight, calling
him Traitor. The Knight answered, that
he lied, and drew his Dagger likewise.
Wat Tylar, not suffering such an indigni
ty to be done him, and before his rustick
companions, made as if he would have
run upon the Knight.
The Knight comman
ded to a
light on foot be
fore the Rebell.
The King thereded to a
light on foot be
fore the Rebell.
fore, seeing the Knight in danger, to as
swage the rigor of Wat for the time,
commanded the Knight to alight on
foot, and to deliver his Dagger to Wat
Tylar. But when his proud mind could
not bee so pacified, but hee would also
have his Sword: the Knight answered,
It was the kings sword, and (quoth he)
thou art not worthy to have it, nor durst
thou aske it of me, if here were no more
but thou and I. By my faith, said Wat
Tylar, I shall never eat, untill I have thy
head, and would have run in upon the
Knight.
At that very instant came to the King
William Walworth, Lord Maior of Lon
don, a bold, couragious and brave min
ded man, with many Knights and
Squires to assist the King, and hee said;
My Liege, it were a great shame, and
such as never had before been heard of,
if in that presence, they should permit
a Noble knight to be shamefully mur
thered, and before the face of their So
veraigne: wherefore hee ought to bee
rescued, and Tylar the Rebell to be ar
arrested. Which words being heard,
the king, although he were but of ten
der yeers, taking boldnesse and courage
to him, commanded the Maior of Lon
don to lay hand upon him. The Maior,
being a man of an incomparable spirit
and boldnes, without any further delay
or doubting, straight arrested him with
his Mace upon the head, and in such
sort, that he fell downe at the feet of his
horse. By and by, they which attended
on the king, environed him round about,
whereby he was not seene of his compa
nie. And an Esquire of the Kings, cal
led Iohn Cavendish,14 alighted from his
horse, and thrust his Sword into Wat Ty
lars belly: albeit more opinions do hold,
that the Maior did it with his Dagger,
and many beside did thrust him in, in
many places of his body, and then drew
him from among the people, into the
Hospitall of Saint Bartholomew. Which
when the Commons perceived, they
cryed out, that their Captaine was trai
terously slaine, heartning one another to
fight, and to revenge his death, bending
their Bowes. But the King rode to them,
saying,
What meane you to doe? Will you
shoot at your king? Be not quarrellous,
or sorry for the death of a Traytor and
Ribald: I am your king, I will be your
Captaine and Leader: follow me into
the Field, there to have whatsoever you
will require.
William Walworth, Lord Maior of Lon
don, a bold, couragious and brave min
ded man, with many Knights and
Squires to assist the King, and hee said;
My Liege, it were a great shame, and
such as never had before been heard of,
if in that presence, they should permit
a Noble knight to be shamefully mur
thered, and before the face of their So
veraigne: wherefore hee ought to bee
rescued, and Tylar the Rebell to be ar
rested.
Towers and Castles.
arrested. Which words being heard,
the king, although he were but of ten
der yeers, taking boldnesse and courage
to him, commanded the Maior of Lon
don to lay hand upon him. The Maior,
being a man of an incomparable spirit
and boldnes, without any further delay
or doubting, straight arrested him with
his Mace upon the head, and in such
sort, that he fell downe at the feet of his
horse. By and by, they which attended
on the king, environed him round about,
whereby he was not seene of his compa
nie. And an Esquire of the Kings, cal
led Iohn Cavendish,14 alighted from his
horse, and thrust his Sword into Wat Ty
lars belly: albeit more opinions do hold,
that the Maior did it with his Dagger,
and many beside did thrust him in, in
many places of his body, and then drew
him from among the people, into the
Hospitall of Saint Bartholomew. Which
when the Commons perceived, they
cryed out, that their Captaine was trai
terously slaine, heartning one another to
fight, and to revenge his death, bending
their Bowes. But the King rode to them,
saying,
The kings kinde words to the rude multitude
What a worke is this, my men?
What meane you to doe? Will you
shoot at your king? Be not quarrellous,
or sorry for the death of a Traytor and
Ribald: I am your king, I will be your
Captaine and Leader: follow me into
the Field, there to have whatsoever you
will require.
This the king did, lest the Commons,
being bitterly bent in minde, should set
fire on the houses in Smithfield, where
their Captain was slaine. They therfore
followed him into the open Field,
the Souldiers that were with him, not
knowing as yet, whether they would kill
the king, or be in rest, and depart home
with the kings Charter. In the meane
while, worthy Walworth, the (for ever)
famous Maior of London, to second his
first peece of service, that fell out to so
good purpose, onely with one servant,
riding speedily into the Citie, began to
cry, You good Citizens, come to helpe
your king,
red, and succour me your Maior, that
am in the like danger: Or if you will
not succour me, yet leave not the king
destitute. When the Citizens heard
this, in whose hearts the love of the
king was ingrafted, suddenly, and very
seemely prepared,
thousand) they tarried in the streets,
for some one of the knights to lead them
(with the Lord Maior) to the king. And
by good fortune, Sir Robert Knowles, a
Freeman of the Citie, came in the very
instant, whom they all required to bee
their Leader. Hee gladly undertooke
part of them; and Perducas Dalbert, the
Lord Maior, and some other knights,
led on the rest to the kings presence. The
king, and all that were with him, rejoy
cing not a little at the unhoped for com
ming of these brave armed Citizens,
suddenly compassed the whole multi
tude of the Commons.
being bitterly bent in minde, should set
fire on the houses in Smithfield, where
their Captain was slaine. They therfore
followed him into the open Field,
They fol
lowed the King into the field.
and
lowed the King into the field.
the Souldiers that were with him, not
knowing as yet, whether they would kill
the king, or be in rest, and depart home
with the kings Charter. In the meane
while, worthy Walworth, the (for ever)
famous Maior of London, to second his
first peece of service, that fell out to so
good purpose, onely with one servant,
riding speedily into the Citie, began to
cry, You good Citizens, come to helpe
your king,
Another worthy a
ction per
formed by the Lord Maior.
that is in doubt to be murdection per
formed by the Lord Maior.
red, and succour me your Maior, that
am in the like danger: Or if you will
not succour me, yet leave not the king
destitute. When the Citizens heard
this, in whose hearts the love of the
king was ingrafted, suddenly, and very
seemely prepared,
A Noble and loyall forwardnesse in true-hear
ted Citi
zens, for the succor of their king, be
ing in great di
stresse.
(to the number of a
ted Citi
zens, for the succor of their king, be
ing in great di
stresse.
thousand) they tarried in the streets,
for some one of the knights to lead them
(with the Lord Maior) to the king. And
by good fortune, Sir Robert Knowles, a
Freeman of the Citie, came in the very
instant, whom they all required to bee
their Leader. Hee gladly undertooke
part of them; and Perducas Dalbert, the
Lord Maior, and some other knights,
led on the rest to the kings presence. The
king, and all that were with him, rejoy
cing not a little at the unhoped for com
ming of these brave armed Citizens,
suddenly compassed the whole multi
tude of the Commons.
There might a man have seene a won
derfull change of Gods right hand,
the Commons did now throw downe
their weapons, and fall to the ground,
beseeching pardon; who lately before
did glory that they had the kings life in
their power; and now were glad to
hide themselves in caves, ditches, corne
fields, &c. The knights therefore, desi
rous to be revenged, besought the king
to permit them to take off the heads of
an hundred or two of them.
would not condiscend to their request,
but commanded the Charter which
they had demanded, written and sealed,
to be delivered to them for the time, to
avoid any more mischiefe: As knowing
well, that Essex was not yet pacified,
nor Kent stayed, the Commons and Ru
sticks of which Countries were ready to
rise again, if he did not satisfie them the
sooner. The Commons having got the
Charter, departed homeward, and the
rude people being dispersed and gone,
the king called for his valiant Maior of
Lond. W. Walworth,
nour) he knighted there in the field, and
as he had very worthily deserved. The
like he did to Nicholas Brember, Ioh. Phil
pot, Robert Lawnd, Iohn Standish,15 Nicho
las Twiford, and Adam Frances, Alder
men. Afterward, the king, with his lords
and his company, orderly entred into
the Citie of London with great joy, and
went to his royal Mother, who was lod
ged in the Tower Royall, called then the
Queenes Wardrobe, and there shee
had remained two dayes and two
nights, very much abashed and amazed.
But when shee saw the king her sonne,
she was highly comforted, and said, Ah
faire Sonne, what great sorrow have I
suffered for you this day!
swered, and said: Certainely, Madame,
I know it well: but now rejoyce, and
thanke God, for I have this day recove
red mine Heritage, and the Realme of
England, which I had neere-hand lost.
The Archbishops head was taken off
the Bridge, and Wat Tylars head set up
in the place.
derfull change of Gods right hand,
A wonder
full altera
tiō among the Rebels
how
full altera
tiō among the Rebels
the Commons did now throw downe
their weapons, and fall to the ground,
beseeching pardon; who lately before
did glory that they had the kings life in
their power; and now were glad to
hide themselves in caves, ditches, corne
fields, &c. The knights therefore, desi
rous to be revenged, besought the king
to permit them to take off the heads of
an hundred or two of them.
Great wis
dome and discretion in the king being so yong.
But the king
dome and discretion in the king being so yong.
would not condiscend to their request,
but commanded the Charter which
they had demanded, written and sealed,
to be delivered to them for the time, to
avoid any more mischiefe: As knowing
well, that Essex was not yet pacified,
nor Kent stayed, the Commons and Ru
sticks of which Countries were ready to
rise again, if he did not satisfie them the
sooner. The Commons having got the
Charter, departed homeward, and the
rude people being dispersed and gone,
the king called for his valiant Maior of
Lond. W. Walworth,
VV VVal
worth, L. Maior of London knighted in the field and other Aldermen with him.
whom (with great howorth, L. Maior of London knighted in the field and other Aldermen with him.
nour) he knighted there in the field, and
as he had very worthily deserved. The
like he did to Nicholas Brember, Ioh. Phil
pot, Robert Lawnd, Iohn Standish,15 Nicho
las Twiford, and Adam Frances, Alder
men. Afterward, the king, with his lords
and his company, orderly entred into
the Citie of London with great joy, and
went to his royal Mother, who was lod
ged in the Tower Royall, called then the
Queenes Wardrobe, and there shee
had remained two dayes and two
nights, very much abashed and amazed.
F3
But
Towers and Castles.
But when shee saw the king her sonne,
she was highly comforted, and said, Ah
faire Sonne, what great sorrow have I
suffered for you this day!
The com
fortable words of the King to his mo
ther.
The king anfortable words of the King to his mo
ther.
swered, and said: Certainely, Madame,
I know it well: but now rejoyce, and
thanke God, for I have this day recove
red mine Heritage, and the Realme of
England, which I had neere-hand lost.
The Archbishops head was taken off
the Bridge, and Wat Tylars head set up
in the place.
Here we are further to consider, that
for an eternall remembrance of this
happy day, and the Cities honour with
all, the king granted, that there should
be a Dagger added to the Armes of the
Citie, in the right quarter of the shield,
for an augmentation of the same
Armes, and a memory of the Lord Mai
or his valiant act, as doth appeare unto
this day. For till that time, the Citie
bare onely the Crosse without the Dag
ger.
for an eternall remembrance of this
happy day, and the Cities honour with
all, the king granted, that there should
be a Dagger added to the Armes of the
Citie, in the right quarter of the shield,
for an augmentation of the same
Armes, and a memory of the Lord Mai
or his valiant act, as doth appeare unto
this day. For till that time, the Citie
bare onely the Crosse without the Dag
ger.
And whereas it hath been farre spred
abroad by vulgar opinion,
bell smitten downe so manfully by Sir
William Walworth, the then worthy Lord
Maior of London, was named Iack Straw,
and not Wat Tylar: I thought good to
reconcile this rash conceived doubt, by
such testimony as I find in ancient and
good Records. The principall Leaders
and Captaines of the Commons, were
Wat Tylar,
himselfe to be offended. The second,
was Iohn or Iack Straw: the third, was
Iohn Kirkby: the fourth, Allen Thredder:
the fifth, Thomas Scot: the sixth, Ralfe
Rugge. These and many other were Lea
ders of the Kentish and Essex men. At
Mildenhall and Burie in Suffolke, was
Robert Westbrome, that made himselfe a
king; and was most famous, next to
Iohn Wrawe, who being a Priest, could
not set Crowne upon Crowne: but
left the name of king and Crowne to the
same Robert. At Norwich, Iohn Litester
a Dyer, exercised the name and power
of a king, till he was taken and hanged
for his paines. Thus dangerously had
this Rebellion dispersed it selfe abroad.
But the happy and prosperous successe
at London, with other good care for them
further off, gave a gracious issue to all
in the end. After the death of Wat Tylar,
and Iack Straw being taken, with divers
other, as chiefe actors in this monstrous
disorder: the fore-named Lord Mayor
sate in judgement upon the offenders,
and pronounced the sentence of death
upon them. At which time, the Lord
Maior spake openly to him thus: Iohn
(quoth he) behold, thy death is at hand
without all doubt, and there is no way
through which thou mayst hope to e
scape: wherefore, for thy soules health,
without making any lye, tell us what
you purposed to have done among you,
and to what end you did assemble the
Commons. When hee had stayed a
while, as doubtfull what to say, the
Maior began thus againe to him: Sure
ly thou knowest, Iohn, that the thing
which I demand of thee, if thou doe it
truely, it will redound to thy soules
health, &c. He therefore, animated by
the Lord Maiors good words, began as
followeth:
abroad by vulgar opinion,
Concer
ning vul
gar mista
king the Captaines name of the Rebels
that the Rening vul
gar mista
king the Captaines name of the Rebels
bell smitten downe so manfully by Sir
William Walworth, the then worthy Lord
Maior of London, was named Iack Straw,
and not Wat Tylar: I thought good to
reconcile this rash conceived doubt, by
such testimony as I find in ancient and
good Records. The principall Leaders
and Captaines of the Commons, were
Wat Tylar,
The name of the chiefe Captaines and ring
leaders in the rebel
lion.
as the first man that tooke
leaders in the rebel
lion.
himselfe to be offended. The second,
was Iohn or Iack Straw: the third, was
Iohn Kirkby: the fourth, Allen Thredder:
the fifth, Thomas Scot: the sixth, Ralfe
Rugge. These and many other were Lea
ders of the Kentish and Essex men. At
Mildenhall and Burie in Suffolke, was
Robert Westbrome, that made himselfe a
king; and was most famous, next to
Iohn Wrawe, who being a Priest, could
not set Crowne upon Crowne: but
left the name of king and Crowne to the
same Robert. At Norwich, Iohn Litester
a Dyer, exercised the name and power
of a king, till he was taken and hanged
for his paines. Thus dangerously had
this Rebellion dispersed it selfe abroad.
The rebel
lion had extended it selfe in
to many places.
lion had extended it selfe in
to many places.
But the happy and prosperous successe
at London, with other good care for them
further off, gave a gracious issue to all
in the end. After the death of Wat Tylar,
and Iack Straw being taken, with divers
other, as chiefe actors in this monstrous
disorder: the fore-named Lord Mayor
sate in judgement upon the offenders,
and pronounced the sentence of death
upon them. At which time, the Lord
Maior spake openly to him thus: Iohn
(quoth he) behold, thy death is at hand
without all doubt, and there is no way
through which thou mayst hope to e
scape: wherefore, for thy soules health,
without making any lye, tell us what
you purposed to have done among you,
and to what end you did assemble the
Commons. When hee had stayed a
while, as doubtfull what to say, the
Maior began thus againe to him: Sure
ly thou knowest, Iohn, that the thing
which I demand of thee, if thou doe it
truely, it will redound to thy soules
health, &c. He therefore, animated by
the Lord Maiors good words, began as
followeth:
NOw it booteth not to lye, neither is
it lawfull to utter any untruth:
especially, understanding that my
Soule is to suffer more straiter torments if I
should so doe. And because I hope for two
commodities by speaking the truth: first,
that what I shall speake, may profit the Com
mon-wealth: and secondly, after my death,
I trust by your suffrages to be succoured, ac
cording to your promises, which is to pray
for me: I will speake faithfully, and with
out any deceit.
it lawfull to utter any untruth:
especially, understanding that my
Soule is to suffer more straiter torments if I
should so doe. And because I hope for two
commodities by speaking the truth: first,
that what I shall speake, may profit the Com
mon-wealth: and secondly, after my death,
I trust by your suffrages to be succoured, ac
cording to your promises, which is to pray
for me: I will speake faithfully, and with
out any deceit.
At the same time as wee were assembled
upon Black-heath,
to come unto us: our purpose was, to have
slaine all such Knights, Squires and Gen
tlemen,
dance thither upon him: And as for the
King, we would have kept him among us,
to the end that the people might more boldly
have repaired to us: sith they would have
thought, that whatsoever we did, the same
had beene done by his authority. Finally,
when we had gotten power enough, that wee
needed not to feare any force which might be
made against us, we would have slaine all
such Noblemen as might either have given
counsell, or made any resistance against us:
especially, we would have slaine the Knights
of the Rhodes or Saint Iohns,
wee would have killed the King himselfe,
and all men of possessions: with Bishops,
Monks, Canons, and Parsons of Churches.
Onely Friers Mendicants wee would have
spared, that might have sufficed for Mini
stration of the Sacraments.
upon Black-heath,
What they intended to doe at Black heath.
and had sent to the King
to come unto us: our purpose was, to have
slaine all such Knights, Squires and Gen
tlemen,
Their in
tent for keeping the King.
as should have given their attentent for keeping the King.
dance thither upon him: And as for the
King, we would have kept him among us,
to the end that the people might more boldly
have repaired to us: sith they would have
thought, that whatsoever we did, the same
had beene done by his authority. Finally,
when we had gotten power enough, that wee
needed not to feare any force which might be
made against us, we would have slaine all
such Noblemen as might either have given
counsell, or made any resistance against us:
especially, we would have slaine the Knights
of
Towers and Castles.
of the Rhodes or Saint Iohns,
The killing of all No
blemen. Killing the King & all that had any possessi
ons.
and lastly,
blemen. Killing the King & all that had any possessi
ons.
wee would have killed the King himselfe,
and all men of possessions: with Bishops,
Monks, Canons, and Parsons of Churches.
Onely Friers Mendicants wee would have
spared, that might have sufficed for Mini
stration of the Sacraments.
When we had made a riddance of all those,
we would have devised Lawes, according to
which Lawes the subjects of the Realme
should have lived. For we would have cre
ated Kings,
other in other Countries. But because this
our purpose was disappointed by the Arch
bishop of Canturbury,
mit the King to come to us: wee sought by
all meanes to dispatch him out the way, as
at length we did. Moreover, the same eve
ning that Wat Tylar was kild, wee were
determined (having the greatest part of the
Commons of the City bent to joyne with us)
to have set fire in foure corners of the Citie,
and so to have divided among our selves,
the spoile of the chiefest riches that might
have been found at our owne pleasure. And
this (said he) was our purpose, as God may
helpe me now at my last end.
Lawes de
vised by thēselves.
vised by thēselves.
we would have devised Lawes, according to
which Lawes the subjects of the Realme
should have lived. For we would have cre
ated Kings,
Creation of kings a
mong thē.
as Wat Tylar in Kent, and
mong thē.
other in other Countries. But because this
our purpose was disappointed by the Arch
bishop of Canturbury,
Their ma
lice to the Archbi
shop.
that would not perlice to the Archbi
shop.
mit the King to come to us: wee sought by
all meanes to dispatch him out the way, as
at length we did. Moreover, the same eve
ning that Wat Tylar was kild, wee were
determined (having the greatest part of the
Commons of the City bent to joyne with us)
to have set fire in foure corners of the Citie,
Their in
tent to burne Lon
don.
tent to burne Lon
don.
and so to have divided among our selves,
the spoile of the chiefest riches that might
have been found at our owne pleasure. And
this (said he) was our purpose, as God may
helpe me now at my last end.
After this confession made hee was
beheaded, and his head set on London
bridge by Wat Tylars, and many other.
beheaded, and his head set on London
bridge by Wat Tylars, and many other.
In the yeere 1387. King Richard held
his feast of Christmas in the Tower.
And in the yeere 1399. the same King
was sent prisoner to the Tower.
his feast of Christmas in the Tower.
And in the yeere 1399. the same King
was sent prisoner to the Tower.
In the yeere 1414. Sir Iohn Oldcastle
brake out of the Tower.
yeere a Parliament being holden at Lei
cester, a Porter of the Tower was drawn,
hanged and headed, whose head was
sent up, and set over the Tower Gate,
for consenting to one Whitlooke, that
brake out of the Tower.
brake out of the Tower.
Porter of the Tower beheaded.
And the same
yeere a Parliament being holden at Lei
cester, a Porter of the Tower was drawn,
hanged and headed, whose head was
sent up, and set over the Tower Gate,
for consenting to one Whitlooke, that
brake out of the Tower.
In the yeere 1419. Fryer Randulph
was sent to the Tower, and was there
slaine by the Parson of Saint Peters in
the Tower.
was sent to the Tower, and was there
slaine by the Parson of Saint Peters in
the Tower.
In the yeere 1426. there came to
London a lewd fellow, feining himselfe
to be sent from the Emperour, to the
yong king Henry the sixt, calling him
selfe the Baron of Blackamoore, and that
he should be the principall Physician in
this Kingdome: but his subtilty being
knowne, he was apprehended, condem
ned, drawne, hanged, headed and quar
tered, his head set on the Tower of Lon
don, and his quarters on foure Gates of
the Citie.
London a lewd fellow, feining himselfe
to be sent from the Emperour, to the
yong king Henry the sixt, calling him
selfe the Baron of Blackamoore, and that
he should be the principall Physician in
this Kingdome: but his subtilty being
knowne, he was apprehended, condem
ned, drawne, hanged, headed and quar
tered, his head set on the Tower of Lon
don, and his quarters on foure Gates of
the Citie.
In the yeere 1458. in Whitson-week,
the Duke of Somerset, with Anthony
Rivers,
fore the Queen in the Tower of London
against three Esquires of the Queenes,
and others.
the Duke of Somerset, with Anthony
Rivers,
Iusting in the tower.
and other foure, kept Iusts before the Queen in the Tower of London
against three Esquires of the Queenes,
and others.
In the yeere 1470. the Tower was
yeelded to Sir Richard Lee Maior of Lon
don and his Brethren the Aldermen,
who forthwith entred the same, delive
ring King Henry of his imprisonment,
and lodged him in the Kings lodging
there, but the next yeere he was againe
sent thither prisoner, and there murde
red.
yeelded to Sir Richard Lee Maior of Lon
don and his Brethren the Aldermen,
who forthwith entred the same, delive
ring King Henry of his imprisonment,
and lodged him in the Kings lodging
there, but the next yeere he was againe
sent thither prisoner, and there murde
red.
In the yeere 1478. George Duke of
Clarence,
Malmesey in the Tower: and within 5.
yeeres after King Edward the fift, with
his Brother,16 were said to be murthered
there.
Clarence,
Duke of Clarence drowned in the Tower.
was drowned in a Butte of
Malmesey in the Tower: and within 5.
yeeres after King Edward the fift, with
his Brother,16 were said to be murthered
there.
In the yeere 1485. Iohn Earle of Ox
ford was made Constable of the Tower,
and had custody of the Lyons granted
him.
ford was made Constable of the Tower,
and had custody of the Lyons granted
him.
In the yeere 1501. in the moneth of
May, was royall Turney of Lords and
Knights in the Tower of London before
the king.
May, was royall Turney of Lords and
Knights in the Tower of London before
the king.
In the yeere 1512. the Chappell in
the high white Tower was burned. In
the yeere 1546. Queene Anne Bullein
was beheaded in the Tower. 1541. La
dy Katherine Howard, wife to king Hen
ry the eighth, was also beheaded there.
the high white Tower was burned. In
the yeere 1546. Queene Anne Bullein
was beheaded in the Tower. 1541. La
dy Katherine Howard, wife to king Hen
ry the eighth, was also beheaded there.
In the yeere 1546. the 27. of April,
being Tuesday in Easter weeke William
Foxley, Potmaker for the Mint of the
Tower of London, fell asleepe, and so
continued sleeping, and could not bee
wakened with pricking, cramping, or
otherwise burning whatsoever, till the
first day of the tearme, which was full
14. daies, and 15. nights, or more, for
that Easter tearme beginneth not afore
17. dayes after Easter. The cause of his
thus sleeping could not bee knowne,
though the same were diligently sear
ched after by the Kings Physicians, and
other learned men: yea, the king him
selfe examined the said Wil. Foxley, who
was in all points found at his wakening,
to be as if he had slept but one night,
and he lived more than forty yeeres af
ter in the said Tower, to wit, untill the
yeere of Christ, 1587. and then decea
sed on Wednesday in Easter weeke.
being Tuesday in Easter weeke William
Foxley, Potmaker for the Mint of the
Tower of London, fell asleepe, and so
continued sleeping, and could not bee
wakened with pricking, cramping, or
otherwise burning whatsoever, till the
first day of the tearme, which was full
14. daies, and 15. nights, or more, for
that Easter tearme beginneth not afore
17. dayes after Easter. The cause of his
thus sleeping could not bee knowne,
though the same were diligently sear
ched
Towers and Castles.
ched after by the Kings Physicians, and
other learned men: yea, the king him
selfe examined the said Wil. Foxley, who
was in all points found at his wakening,
to be as if he had slept but one night,
and he lived more than forty yeeres af
ter in the said Tower, to wit, untill the
yeere of Christ, 1587. and then decea
sed on Wednesday in Easter weeke.
Thus much for these accidents: and
now to conclude thereof in summary.
This Tower is a Cittadell, to defend or
command the Citie:
assemblies and treaties: a Prison of E
state, for the most dangerous offenders:
The onely place of coynage for all Eng
land at this time: the Armorie for war
like provision: the Treasurie of the Or
naments and Iewels of the Crowne,
and generall conserver of the most Re
cords of the kings Courts of Iustice at
Westminster.
now to conclude thereof in summary.
This Tower is a Cittadell, to defend or
command the Citie:
Vse of the Tower to defend the Citie.
a Royall place for
assemblies and treaties: a Prison of E
state, for the most dangerous offenders:
The onely place of coynage for all Eng
land at this time: the Armorie for war
like provision: the Treasurie of the Or
naments and Iewels of the Crowne,
and generall conserver of the most Re
cords of the kings Courts of Iustice at
Westminster.
Tower on London Bridge.17
THe next Tower on the River of
Thames,
at the north end of the Draw
bridge. This Tower was new begun to
be builded 1426. Iohn Reynwell, Maior
of London, laid one of the first corner
stones in the foundation of this worke;
the other three were laid by the She
riffes and Bridge-masters: upon every
of these foure stones was ingraven in
faire Romane letters, the name of Ihesus.
And these stones I have seene laid in the
Bridge Storehouse, since they were ta
ken up, when that Tower was of late
newly made of timber.
Thames,
Tower at the north end of the Draw
bridge.
was on London Bridge,
bridge.
at the north end of the Draw
bridge. This Tower was new begun to
be builded 1426. Iohn Reynwell, Maior
of London, laid one of the first corner
stones in the foundation of this worke;
the other three were laid by the She
riffes and Bridge-masters: upon every
of these foure stones was ingraven in
faire Romane letters, the name of Ihesus.
And these stones I have seene laid in the
Bridge Storehouse, since they were ta
ken up, when that Tower was of late
newly made of timber.
This Gate and tower was at the first
strongly builded up of stone, and so con
tinued untill the yeere 1577. in the mo
neth of April, when the same stone ar
ched gate and tower, being decayed,
was begun to be taken downe, and then
were the heads of the traytors removed
thence, and set on the tower over the
gate at the Bridge foot, towards South
warke. This said tower beeing taken
downe, a new foundation was drawne,
and Sir Iohn Langley, Lord Maior, laid
the first stone, in the presence of the
Sheriffes and Bridge-masters.
strongly builded up of stone, and so con
tinued untill the yeere 1577. in the mo
neth of April, when the same stone ar
ched gate and tower, being decayed,
was begun to be taken downe, and then
were the heads of the traytors removed
thence, and set on the tower over the
gate at the Bridge foot, towards South
warke. This said tower beeing taken
downe, a new foundation was drawne,
and Sir Iohn Langley, Lord Maior, laid
the first stone, in the presence of the
Sheriffes and Bridge-masters.
On the 28 of Auguſt, and in the mo
neth of September, the yeere 1579. the
same tower was finished, a beautifull
and chargeable peece of worke, all a
bove the Bridge being of timber.
neth of September, the yeere 1579. the
same tower was finished, a beautifull
and chargeable peece of worke, all a
bove the Bridge being of timber.
Tower on the South of London Bridge.
ANother tower there is on Lon
don Bridge,
at the South end of the same
Bridge, toward Southwarke. This gate,
with the tower thereupon, and two Ar
ches of the Bridge fell downe, and no
man perished by the fall thereof, in the
yeere 1436. Towards the new building
whereof, divers charitable Citizens
gave large summes of monies: which
Gate being then againe new builded,
was, with thirteene houses more on the
Bridge, in the yeere 1471. burned by
the Mariners and Saylers of Kent, Ba
stard Fawconbridge being their Cap
taine.
don Bridge,
Tower at the south end of the bridge.
to wit, over the gate18at the South end of the same
Bridge, toward Southwarke. This gate,
with the tower thereupon, and two Ar
ches of the Bridge fell downe, and no
man perished by the fall thereof, in the
yeere 1436. Towards the new building
whereof, divers charitable Citizens
gave large summes of monies: which
Gate being then againe new builded,
was, with thirteene houses more on the
Bridge, in the yeere 1471. burned by
the Mariners and Saylers of Kent, Ba
stard Fawconbridge being their Cap
taine.
IN the west part of this Citie (saith
Fitzstephen) are two most strong Ca
stles, &c. Also Gervasim Tilbury, in
the Reigne of Henry the second, writing
of these Castles, hath to this effect: Two
Castles (saith he) are built with wals and
rampires, whereof one is in right of possession
Baynards: the other, the Barons of Mount
fitchet.
The first of these Castles, ban
king on the River Thames, was called
Baynards Castle, of Baynard, a Nobleman
that came in with the Conquerour, and
then builded it, and deceased in the
reigne of William Rufus: after whose de
cease Geffrey Baynard succeeded, and
then William Baynard, in the yeere 1111
who by forfeitThis text is the corrected text. The original is n (JZ)ure for Felonie, lost his
Baronry of little Dunmow, and king Hen
ry gave it wholly to Robert, the sonne of
Richard, the sonne of Gilbert of Clare,
and to his heires, together with the ho
nour of Baynards Castle. This Robert mar
ried Maude de Sent Licio, Lady of Brad
ham, and deceased 1134. was buried at
Saint Needes by Gilbert of Clare his Fa
ther:19 Walter his sonne succeeded him, he
tooke to wife Matilde de Bocham; and
after her decease, Matilde the daughter
and coheyre of Richard de Lucy, on
whom hee begate Robert, and other:
hee deceased in the yeere 1198. and
was buried at Dunmow: after whom
succeeded Robert Fitzwater, a valiant
knight.
Fitzstephen) are two most strong Ca
stles, &c. Also Gervasim Tilbury, in
the Reigne of Henry the second, writing
of these Castles, hath to this effect: Two
Castles (saith he) are built with wals and
rampires, whereof one is in right of possession
Baynards: the other, the Barons of Mount
fitchet.
The first of these Castles, ban
king on the River Thames, was called
Baynards Castle, of Baynard, a Nobleman
that came in with the Conquerour, and
then builded it, and deceased in the
reigne of William Rufus: after whose de
cease Geffrey Baynard succeeded, and
then William Baynard, in the yeere 1111
who by forfeitThis text is the corrected text. The original is n (JZ)ure for Felonie, lost his
Baronry of little Dunmow, and king Hen
ry gave it wholly to Robert, the sonne of
Richard, the sonne of Gilbert of Clare,
and to his heires, together with the ho
nour of Baynards Castle. This Robert mar
ried Maude de Sent Licio, Lady of Brad
ham, and deceased 1134. was buried at
Saint Needes by Gilbert of Clare his Fa
ther:19 Walter his sonne succeeded him, he
tooke to wife Matilde de Bocham; and
after her decease, Matilde the daughter
and coheyre of Richard de Lucy, on
whom hee begate Robert, and other:
hee deceased in the yeere 1198. and
was buried at Dunmow: after whom
succeeded Robert Fitzwater, a valiant
knight.
About
Towers and Castles.
About the yeere 1213. there arose a
great discord betwixt king Iohn and his
Barons,
Lib. Dun
mow.
because of Matilda, surnamed
mow.
the faire, daughter to the said Robert
Fitzwater, whom the king unlawfully
loved, but could not obtain her, nor her
Father would consent thereunto: wher
upon, and for other like causes, ensued
warre through the whole Realme. The
Barons were received into Lond. where
they greatly endamaged the King,
but in the end, the king did not onely
(therefore) banish the said Fitzwater
amongst other, out of the Realme, but
also caused his Castell, called Baynard,
and other his houses to bee spoiled.
Which then being done, a Messenger
being sent unto Matilda the faire,
Virginity defended with the losse of worldly goods and life of the body, for life of the soule.
about
the kings suit, whereunto shee would
not consent, she was poysoned: Robert
Fitzwater, and other being then passed
into France and some into Scotland, &c.
It hapned in the yeere 1214. king
Iohn being then in France with a great
Army, that a truce was taken betwixt
the two kings of England and France, for
the tearme of five yeeres, and a River,
or arme of the Sea being then betwixt
either host. There was a Knight in the
English host, that cryed to them of the
other side, willing some one of their
Knights, to come and just a course or
twaine with him: whereupon, without
stay, Robert Fitzwater, being on the
French part, made himselfe ready, fer
ried over, and got on horsebacke, with
out any man to helpe him, and shewed
himselfe ready to the face of his chal
lenger, whom at the first course, hee
strooke so hard with his great Speare,
that horse and man fell to the ground:
and when his Speare was broken, hee
went back againe to the king of France.
Which when the king had seene, by
Gods tooth,
oath) he were a king indeed, that had
such a Knight. The friends of Robert
hearing these words, kneeled downe
and said: O king, he is your knight; it
is Robert Fitzwater, and thereupon the
next day hee was sent for, and restored
to the kings favour: By which meanes,
peace was concluded, and he received
his livings, and had licence to repaire
to his Castell of Baynard, and other Ca
stles.
Iohn being then in France with a great
Army, that a truce was taken betwixt
the two kings of England and France, for
the tearme of five yeeres, and a River,
or arme of the Sea being then betwixt
either host. There was a Knight in the
English host, that cryed to them of the
other side, willing some one of their
Knights, to come and just a course or
twaine with him: whereupon, without
stay, Robert Fitzwater, being on the
French part, made himselfe ready, fer
ried over, and got on horsebacke, with
out any man to helpe him, and shewed
himselfe ready to the face of his chal
lenger, whom at the first course, hee
strooke so hard with his great Speare,
that horse and man fell to the ground:
and when his Speare was broken, hee
went back againe to the king of France.
Which when the king had seene, by
Gods tooth,
King Iohns oath.
quoth hee (after his usuall
oath) he were a king indeed, that had
such a Knight. The friends of Robert
hearing these words, kneeled downe
and said: O king, he is your knight; it
is Robert Fitzwater, and thereupon the
next day hee was sent for, and restored
to the kings favour: By which meanes,
peace was concluded, and he received
his livings, and had licence to repaire
to his Castell of Baynard, and other Ca
stles.
The yeere 1216. the first of Henry the
third, the Castell of Hartford, being
delivered to Lewes the French, and the
Barons of England, Robert Fitzwater re
quiring to have the same; because the
keeping thereof did by ancient right
and title pertaine to him, was answered
by Lewes; That English men were not
worthy to have such holds in keeping,
because they did betray their own Lord,
&c. This Robert deceased in the yeere
1234.20 and was buried at Dunmow, and
Walter his sonne succeeded him, 1258.
and his Barony of Baynard, was in the
ward of King Henry in the nonage of Ro
bert Fitzwater. This Robert tooke to his
second wife, Ælianor, daughter and
heire to the Earle of Ferrars,21 in the yeere
1289. and in the yeere 1303. on the 12.
of March. Before Iohn Blondon, Maior
of London, he acknowledged his service
to the same Citie, and sware upon
the Evangelists, that he would be true
to the liberties thereof, and maintaine
the same to his power, and the counsell
of the same to keepe, &c.
third, the Castell of Hartford, being
delivered to Lewes the French, and the
Barons of England, Robert Fitzwater re
quiring to have the same; because the
keeping thereof did by ancient right
and title pertaine to him, was answered
by Lewes; That English men were not
worthy to have such holds in keeping,
because they did betray their own Lord,
&c. This Robert deceased in the yeere
1234.20 and was buried at Dunmow, and
Walter his sonne succeeded him, 1258.
and his Barony of Baynard, was in the
ward of King Henry in the nonage of Ro
bert Fitzwater. This Robert tooke to his
second wife, Ælianor, daughter and
heire to the Earle of Ferrars,21 in the yeere
1289. and in the yeere 1303. on the 12.
of March. Before Iohn Blondon, Maior
of London, he acknowledged his service
to the same Citie, and sware upon
the Evangelists, that he would be true
to the liberties thereof, and maintaine
the same to his power, and the counsell
of the same to keepe, &c.
The rights that belonged to Robert Fitz
water, Chastilian and Banner-bearer of
London, Lord of Wodeham
were these.
water, Chastilian and Banner-bearer of
London, Lord of Wodeham
were these.
THe said Robert and his heires,
ought to be, and are chiefe Ban
nerers of London, in fee for the
Chastilary, which he and his ancestors
had by Castell Baynard, in the said Citie.
In time of warre, the said Robert and his
heyres ought to serve the City in man
ner as followeth: that is;
ought to be, and are chiefe Ban
nerers of London, in fee for the
Chastilary, which he and his ancestors
had by Castell Baynard, in the said Citie.
In time of warre, the said Robert and his
heyres ought to serve the City in man
ner as followeth: that is;
The said Robert ought to come, hee
being the twentieth man of Armes on
horsebacke, covered with cloth, or Ar
mour, unto the great West doore of St.
Paul, with his Banner displaied before
him, of his Armes. And when hee is
come to the said doore, mounted
and apparelled, as before is said, the
Maior with his Aldermen and Sheriffs,
armed in their Armes, shall come out
of the said Church of Saint Paul unto
the said doore, with a Banner in his hand
all on foot,
the Image of Saint Paul gold: the face,
hands, feet, and sword of silver: and as
soone as the said Robert shall see the
Maior, Aldermen, and Sheriffs come
on foot out of the Church, armed with
such a Banner, he shall alight from his
horse, and salute the Maior, and say to
him; Sir Maior, I am come to doe my ser
vice, which I owe to the Citie.
being the twentieth man of Armes on
horsebacke, covered with cloth, or Ar
mour, unto the great West doore of St.
Paul, with his Banner displaied before
him, of his Armes. And when hee is
come to the said doore, mounted
and apparelled, as before is said, the
Maior with his Aldermen and Sheriffs,
armed in their Armes, shall come out
of the said Church of Saint Paul unto
the said doore, with a Banner in his hand
all on foot,
Banner of S. Paul.
which Banner shalbe Gules,
the Image of Saint Paul gold: the face,
hands, feet, and sword of silver: and as
soone as the said Robert shall see the
Maior, Aldermen, and Sheriffs come
on
Towers and Castles.
on foot out of the Church, armed with
such a Banner, he shall alight from his
horse, and salute the Maior, and say to
him; Sir Maior, I am come to doe my ser
vice, which I owe to the Citie.
And the Maior and Aldermen shall
answer:
answer:
We give to you, as to our Banneret of fee
in this Citie, the Banner of this Citie to
beare and governe, to the honour and profit
of this Citie, to your power.
in this Citie, the Banner of this Citie to
beare and governe, to the honour and profit
of this Citie, to your power.
And the said Robert and his heires
shall receive the Banner in his hands,
and shall goe on foot out of the gate,
with the Banner in his hands; and the
Maior, Aldermen, and Shiriffes shall
follow to the doore, and shall bring an
horse to the said Robert, worth twenty
pound, which horse shall bee saddled
with a saddle of the Armes of the said
Robert, and shall be covered with sindals
of the said Armes.
shall receive the Banner in his hands,
and shall goe on foot out of the gate,
with the Banner in his hands; and the
Maior, Aldermen, and Shiriffes shall
follow to the doore, and shall bring an
horse to the said Robert, worth twenty
pound, which horse shall bee saddled
with a saddle of the Armes of the said
Robert, and shall be covered with sindals
of the said Armes.
Also they shall present to him twen
ty pounds starling money, and deliver
it to the Chamberlaine of the said Ro
bert, for his expences that day. Then
the said Robert shall mount upon the
horse which the Maior presented to
him, with the Banner in his hand, and
as soone as he is up, hee shall say to
the Mayor, that he cause a Marshall to
be chosen for the host, one of the Citie;
which Marshall being chosen, the said
Robert shall command the Maior and
Burgesses of the Citie, to warne the
Commons to assemble together, and
they shall all goe under the Banner of
S. Paul, and the said Robert shall beare
it himselfe unto Ealdgate, and there the
said Robert and Maior shall deliver the
said Banner of Saint Paul from thence,
to whom they shal assent or think good.
And if they must make any issue forth
of the Citie; then the said Robert ought
to choose two forth of every Ward, the
most sage personages, to foresee to the
safe keeping of the Citie, after they be
gone forth. And this counsell shall bee
taken in the Priorie of the Trinity neere
unto Ealdgate. And againe, before eve
ry Towne or Castle, which the host of
London shall besiege, if the siege conti
nue a whole yeere, the said Robert shall
have for every siege, of the Communal
ty of London, one hundred shillings for
his travell, and no more.
ty pounds starling money, and deliver
it to the Chamberlaine of the said Ro
bert, for his expences that day. Then
the said Robert shall mount upon the
horse which the Maior presented to
him, with the Banner in his hand, and
as soone as he is up, hee shall say to
the Mayor, that he cause a Marshall to
be chosen for the host, one of the Citie;
which Marshall being chosen, the said
Robert shall command the Maior and
Burgesses of the Citie, to warne the
Commons to assemble together, and
they shall all goe under the Banner of
S. Paul, and the said Robert shall beare
it himselfe unto Ealdgate, and there the
said Robert and Maior shall deliver the
said Banner of Saint Paul from thence,
to whom they shal assent or think good.
And if they must make any issue forth
of the Citie; then the said Robert ought
to choose two forth of every Ward, the
most sage personages, to foresee to the
safe keeping of the Citie, after they be
gone forth. And this counsell shall bee
taken in the Priorie of the Trinity neere
unto Ealdgate. And againe, before eve
ry Towne or Castle, which the host of
London shall besiege, if the siege conti
nue a whole yeere, the said Robert shall
have for every siege, of the Communal
ty of London, one hundred shillings for
his travell, and no more.
These be the rights that the said Ro
bert hath in the time of warre.
belonging to Robert Fitzwater and to
his heires in the Citie of London in the
time of peace, are these; that is to say,
The said Robert hath a Soke or Ward in
the Citie; that is, a wall of the Canon
rie of Saint Paul, as a man goeth down
the street before the Brewhouse of Saint
Paul, unto the Thames, and so to the
side of the Mill, which is in the water
that commeth downe from the Fleet
bridge, and goeth so by London wals, be
twixt the Friers preachers and Ludgate,
and so returneth backe by the house of
the said Fryers, unto the said wall of
the said Canonrie of Saint Paul; that is,
all the Parish of Saint Andrew, which is
in the gift of his Ancestors, by the said
Signiority: and so the said Robert hath
appendant unto the said Soke, all these
things under-written: That he ought to
have a Sokeman, and to place what
Sokeman he will, so he be of the Soke
manrie, or the same Ward; and if any
of the Sokemanry be impleaded in the
Guildhall, of any thing that toucheth
not the body of the Maior that for the
time is, or that toucheth the body of no
Sheriffe, it is not lawfull for the Soke
man of the Sokemanrie of the said Ro
bert Fitzwater, to demand a Court of
the said Robert; and the Maior and his
Citizens of London ought to grant him
to have a Court,
ought to bring his judgements, at it is
assented and agreed upon in the Guild
hall, that shall be given them.
bert hath in the time of warre.
Rights be
longing to Robert Fitz
water in the time of peace.
Rights
longing to Robert Fitz
water in the time of peace.
belonging to Robert Fitzwater and to
his heires in the Citie of London in the
time of peace, are these; that is to say,
The said Robert hath a Soke or Ward in
the Citie; that is, a wall of the Canon
rie of Saint Paul, as a man goeth down
the street before the Brewhouse of Saint
Paul, unto the Thames, and so to the
side of the Mill, which is in the water
that commeth downe from the Fleet
bridge, and goeth so by London wals, be
twixt the Friers preachers and Ludgate,
and so returneth backe by the house of
the said Fryers, unto the said wall of
the said Canonrie of Saint Paul; that is,
all the Parish of Saint Andrew, which is
in the gift of his Ancestors, by the said
Signiority: and so the said Robert hath
appendant unto the said Soke, all these
things under-written: That he ought to
have a Sokeman, and to place what
Sokeman he will, so he be of the Soke
manrie, or the same Ward; and if any
of the Sokemanry be impleaded in the
Guildhall, of any thing that toucheth
not the body of the Maior that for the
time is, or that toucheth the body of no
Sheriffe, it is not lawfull for the Soke
man of the Sokemanrie of the said Ro
bert Fitzwater, to demand a Court of
the said Robert; and the Maior and his
Citizens of London ought to grant him
to have a Court,
A Court to bee granted Robert Fitzwater for his Sokeman.
and in his Court hee
ought to bring his judgements, at it is
assented and agreed upon in the Guild
hall, that shall be given them.
If any therefore be taken in his Soke.
manry, he ought to have his Stocks and
imprisonment in his Soke; and he shall
be brought from thence to the Guild
hall, before the Maior, and there they
shall provide him his judgement that
ought to be given of him: but his judge
ment shall not be published till he come
into the Court of the said Robert, and in
his liberty.
manry, he ought to have his Stocks and
imprisonment in his Soke; and he shall
be brought from thence to the Guild
hall, before the Maior, and there they
shall provide him his judgement that
ought to be given of him: but his judge
ment shall not be published till he come
into the Court of the said Robert, and in
his liberty.
And the judgement shall bee such,
that if he have deserved death by trea
son, he to be tyed to a post in the Thames
at a good Wharfe, where Boats are fast
ned, two ebbings and two flowings of
the water.
Iudgemet for diver
sity of of
fences.
sity of of
fences.
that if he have deserved death by trea
son, he to be tyed to a post in the Thames
at a good Wharfe, where Boats are fast
ned, two ebbings and two flowings of
the water.
And if he be condemned for a com
mon thiefe, he ought to bee led to the
Elmes, and there suffer his judgement
as other Theeves. And so the said Ro
bert and his heires hath honour, that he
holdeth a great Franches within the Ci
tie, that the Maior of the Citie and Ci
tizens are bound to doe him of right;
that is to say, that when the Maior will
hold a great Councell, he ought to call
the said Robert and his heires, to be with
him in councell of the Citie; and the
said Robert ought to be sworne, to be of
counsell with the Citie, against all peo
ple, saving the King and his heires. And
when the said Robert commeth to the
Hustings in the Guild hall of the Citie,
the Maior or his Lieutenant ought to
rise against him, and set him downe
neere unto him, and so long as hee is in
the Guild-hall, all the judgements ought
to be given by his mouth, according to
the Record of the Recorders of the said
Guild-hall. And so many waifes as come
so long as he is there, he ought to give
them to the Bayliffes of the Towne, or
to whom he will, by the counsaile of the
Maior of the Citie.
mon thiefe, he ought to bee led to the
Elmes,
Towers and Castles.
Elmes, and there suffer his judgement
as other Theeves. And so the said Ro
bert and his heires hath honour, that he
holdeth a great Franches within the Ci
tie, that the Maior of the Citie and Ci
tizens are bound to doe him of right;
that is to say, that when the Maior will
hold a great Councell, he ought to call
the said Robert and his heires, to be with
him in councell of the Citie; and the
said Robert ought to be sworne, to be of
counsell with the Citie, against all peo
ple, saving the King and his heires. And
when the said Robert commeth to the
Hustings in the Guild hall of the Citie,
the Maior or his Lieutenant ought to
rise against him, and set him downe
neere unto him, and so long as hee is in
the Guild-hall, all the judgements ought
to be given by his mouth, according to
the Record of the Recorders of the said
Guild-hall. And so many waifes as come
so long as he is there, he ought to give
them to the Bayliffes of the Towne, or
to whom he will, by the counsaile of the
Maior of the Citie.
These be the Franchises that belon
ged to Robert Fitzwater in London, in
time of peace, which, for the antiquity
thereof, I have noted out of an old Re
cord.
ged to Robert Fitzwater in London, in
time of peace, which, for the antiquity
thereof, I have noted out of an old Re
cord.
This Robert deceased in the yeere 1305
leaving issue, Walter Fitzrobert, who had
issue, Robert Fitzwalter,22 unto whom, in
the yeere 1320. the Citizens of London
acknowledged the right, which they
ought to him and his heires for the Ca
stle Baynard. He deceased 1325. unto
whom succeeded Robert Fitzrobert, Fitz
walter, &c.23 More of the Lord Fitzwa
ter24 may ye read in my Annales, in the 51
of Edward the third. But how this ho
nour of Baynards Castle, with the appur
tenances, fell from the possession of the
Fitzwaters, I have not read: only I find,
that in the yeere 1428. the seventh of
Henry the sixth, a great fire was at Bay
nards Castle, and that Humfrey Duke of
Gloucester builded it new. By his death
and attaindor, in the yeere 1446. it
came to the hands of Henry the sixth, and
from him to Richard Duke of Yorke, of
whom wee reade, that in the yeere
1457. he lodged there as in his owne
house.
leaving issue, Walter Fitzrobert, who had
issue, Robert Fitzwalter,22 unto whom, in
the yeere 1320. the Citizens of London
acknowledged the right, which they
ought to him and his heires for the Ca
stle Baynard. He deceased 1325. unto
whom succeeded Robert Fitzrobert, Fitz
walter, &c.23 More of the Lord Fitzwa
ter24 may ye read in my Annales, in the 51
of Edward the third. But how this ho
nour of Baynards Castle, with the appur
tenances, fell from the possession of the
Fitzwaters, I have not read: only I find,
that in the yeere 1428. the seventh of
Henry the sixth, a great fire was at Bay
nards Castle, and that Humfrey Duke of
Gloucester builded it new. By his death
and attaindor, in the yeere 1446. it
came to the hands of Henry the sixth, and
from him to Richard Duke of Yorke, of
whom wee reade, that in the yeere
1457. he lodged there as in his owne
house.
In the yeere 1460. the 28 of February,
the Earles of March and of Warwicke,
with a great power of men, (but few of
name) entred the City of London, where
they were of the Citizens joyfully re
ceived; and upon the third of March, be
ing Sunday, the said Earle caused his
people to be mustred in S. Iohns field:
where, unto that host was shewed and
proclaimed, certaine Articles & points,
wherein King Henry, as they said, had
offended, and thereupon it was deman
ded of the said people, whether the said
Henry was worthy to raigne as King any
longer, or not: wherunto the people cry
ed, nay. Then it was asked of them, whe
ther they would have the E.
for their King: and they cryed, yea, yea.
Whereupon certaine Captaines were
appointed to beare report thereof to the
said Earle of March, then being lodged
at his Castle of Baynard. Whereof when
the Earle was by them advertised, he
thanked God, and them for their electi
on: notwithstanding, he shewed some
countenance of insufficiency in him, to
occupie so great a charge, till by exhor
tation of the Archbishop of Canturbury,
the Bishop of Excest. and certain Noble
men, he granted to their petition: and
on the next morrow at Pauls, he went on
Procession, offered, and had Te Deum
sung. Then was he with great Royalty
conveyed to Westminster, and there in the
great Hall, set in the Kings Seat, with
Saint Edwards Scepter in his hand.
the Earles of March and of Warwicke,
with a great power of men, (but few of
name) entred the City of London, where
they were of the Citizens joyfully re
ceived; and upon the third of March, be
ing Sunday, the said Earle caused his
people to be mustred in S. Iohns field:
where, unto that host was shewed and
proclaimed, certaine Articles & points,
wherein King Henry, as they said, had
offended, and thereupon it was deman
ded of the said people, whether the said
Henry was worthy to raigne as King any
longer, or not: wherunto the people cry
ed, nay. Then it was asked of them, whe
ther they would have the E.
Edward the 4 elected in S. Iohns field.
of March
for their King: and they cryed, yea, yea.
Whereupon certaine Captaines were
appointed to beare report thereof to the
said Earle of March, then being lodged
at his Castle of Baynard. Whereof when
the Earle was by them advertised, he
thanked God, and them for their electi
on: notwithstanding, he shewed some
countenance of insufficiency in him, to
occupie so great a charge, till by exhor
tation of the Archbishop of Canturbury,
Edward the 4. took on him the Crownein Baynards Castle.
the Bishop of Excest. and certain Noble
men, he granted to their petition: and
on the next morrow at Pauls, he went on
Procession, offered, and had Te Deum
sung. Then was he with great Royalty
conveyed to Westminster, and there in the
great Hall, set in the Kings Seat, with
Saint Edwards Scepter in his hand.
In the seventh yeere of King Edwards
reigne,
son, surmised against them, where
though many of them were put to
death, and other escaped for great sums
of money. Amongst whom were, Sir
Thomas Cooke,
Humfrey Heyward, and other Aldermen
of London arrested, and charged with
treason: whereof they were acquitted,
but they lost their goods to the King, to
the value of 40000. Marks, or more, as
some have written. And for example,
Sir Thomas Cooke, lately before L. Maior
of London, was by one, named Hawkins,
appeached of Treason, for which he was
committed to the Tower, his place in
London seized on by the Lord Rivers;25
and his Lady and servants cleerely put
out thereof, the cause being thus:
reigne,
Ex lib. Ers
wick. Treason surmised against many men
many men were arrested of treawick. Treason surmised against many men
son, surmised against them, where
though many of them were put to
death, and other escaped for great sums
of money. Amongst whom were, Sir
Thomas Cooke,
Divers Al
dermen unjustly charged with trea
son.
Sir Iohn Plummer, Knights,
dermen unjustly charged with trea
son.
Humfrey Heyward, and other Aldermen
of London arrested, and charged with
treason: whereof they were acquitted,
but they lost their goods to the King, to
the value of 40000. Marks, or more, as
some have written. And for example,
Sir Thomas Cooke, lately before L. Maior
of London, was by one, named Hawkins,
appeached of Treason, for which he was
committed to the Tower, his place in
London seized on by the Lord Rivers;25
and his Lady and servants cleerely put
out thereof, the cause being thus:
The
Towers and Castles.
The forenamed Hawkins came (up
on a time) to the said Sir Thomas Cooke,
requesting him to lend him a thousand
Markes upon good surety; wherunto
he answered, that he would first know
for whom it should be: At length un
derstanding that it should bee for the
use of Queen Margaret, hee answered;
he had no currant wares, whereof a
ny shift might bee made, without
too much losse, and therefore required
Hawkins to move him no further, for he
intended not to deale therewithall. Yet
the said Hawkins requested but one
hundred pounds at length, and went a
way without it, or the value of one pen
ny, and never after came again to move
him; which rested so for two or 3. yeere
after, till the said Hawkins was com
mitted to the Tower; and brought at
length to the Brake or Racke, common
ly called,
The Brake or Racke in the Tower, u
sually cal
led the Duke of Excesters Daughter
the Duke of Excesters daughsually cal
led the Duke of Excesters Daughter
ter, because hee was the deviser of that
torture. By meanes of which paine, he
revealed many things: and among the
rest, the motion, which hee had made
to Sir Thomas Cooke, was one. In regard
whereof, the said Sir Thomas was trou
bled, as you have heard, and a Iury, by
the meanes of Sir Iohn Fogge, endighted
him of treason. After which, an Oyer
determinThis text has been supplied. Reason: Dirt on the page, tearing, etc. Evidence: The text has been supplied based on an external source.er was26 held in the Guildhall,
An Oyer de
terminer for the tryall of Sir Thomas Cooke.
terminer for the tryall of Sir Thomas Cooke.
where sate the Lord Maior, the Duke
of Clarence, the Earle of Warwicke, the
Lord Rivers, Sir Iohn Fogge, with other
of the kings Councell.
To this place was the said Sir Thomas
brought, and there arraigned upon life
and death: where he was acquitted of
the said endightment,
Counter in Breadstreet, and from thence
to the Kings Bench. Being thus acquit
ted, his Wife got possession againe of
his house, the which she found in a very
evill plight: for the servants of Sir Iohn
Fogge, and of the Lord Rivers, had made
havocke of what they listed. Also, at
his place at Giddy Hall in Essex,
ther sort had destroyed the Deere in his
Parke, his Conies and Fish, and spared
not Brasse, Pewter, Bedding, and all
that they could carry away; for which,
neuer a penny might be gotten backe a
gaine in recompence, nor Sir Thomas
Cooke bee delivered, untill he had paid
8000. pounds to the King, and 800.
pounds to the Queene. And because
that Sir Iohn Markham knight, then
chiefe Iustice of the Pleas, determined
somewhat against the kings pleasure
(that the offence done by Sir Thomas
Cooke was no treason, but misprision,
the which was no desert of death, but
to be fined at the kings pleasure:) the
Lord Rivers, and the Dutches of Bed
ford his wife, procured, that he lost his
Office afterward.
brought, and there arraigned upon life
and death: where he was acquitted of
the said endightment,
Sir Thomas Cooke ac
quitted by the Iury.
and sent to the
quitted by the Iury.
Counter in Breadstreet, and from thence
to the Kings Bench. Being thus acquit
ted, his Wife got possession againe of
his house, the which she found in a very
evill plight: for the servants of Sir Iohn
Fogge, and of the Lord Rivers, had made
havocke of what they listed. Also, at
his place at Giddy Hall in Essex,
When men are in distresse much spoil is made of them.
anóther sort had destroyed the Deere in his
Parke, his Conies and Fish, and spared
not Brasse, Pewter, Bedding, and all
that they could carry away; for which,
neuer a penny might be gotten backe a
gaine in recompence, nor Sir Thomas
Cooke bee delivered, untill he had paid
8000. pounds to the King, and 800.
pounds to the Queene. And because
that Sir Iohn Markham knight, then
chiefe Iustice of the Pleas, determined
somewhat against the kings pleasure
(that the offence done by Sir Thomas
Cooke was no treason, but misprision,
the which was no desert of death, but
to be fined at the kings pleasure:) the
Lord Rivers, and the Dutches of Bed
ford his wife, procured, that he lost his
Office afterward.
Edward the fourth being dead, leaving
his eldest sonne Edward, and his second
sonne Richard, both infants; Richard
Duke of Glocester,
Nobles and Commons in the Guildhall
of London, tooke on him the title of the
Realme and kingdome, as imposed up
on him in this Baynards Castle, as yee
may read pended by Sir Thomas Moore,
and set downe in my Annals.
his eldest sonne Edward, and his second
sonne Richard, both infants; Richard
Duke of Glocester,
Richard the third took on him the Crown in Baynards Castle.
being elected by the
Nobles and Commons in the Guildhall
of London, tooke on him the title of the
Realme and kingdome, as imposed up
on him in this Baynards Castle, as yee
may read pended by Sir Thomas Moore,
and set downe in my Annals.
Henry the seventh,
1501. the 16. of his reigne, repaired
or rather new builded this house, not
imbattelled, or so strongly fortified
Castle-like; but farre more beautifull
and commodious for the entertainment
of any Prince or great Estate: hee also
kept a Royall Turney, and Iusts in the
Tower of London, for his Lords, knights
and other. In the seventeenth of his
reigne, he with his Queene were lod
ged there, and came from thence to
Pauls Church, where they made their
offering, dined in the Bishops Palace,
and so returned.
Of Baynards Castle.
about the yeere
1501. the 16. of his reigne, repaired
or rather new builded this house, not
imbattelled, or so strongly fortified
Castle-like; but farre more beautifull
and commodious for the entertainment
of any Prince or great Estate: hee also
kept a Royall Turney, and Iusts in the
Tower of London, for his Lords, knights
and other. In the seventeenth of his
reigne, he with his Queene were lod
ged there, and came from thence to
Pauls Church, where they made their
offering, dined in the Bishops Palace,
and so returned.
The 18. of his reigne he was lodged
there,
King of the Romanes, were thither
brought to his presence, and from
thence the king came to Pauls, and was
there sworne to the King of the Romans,
as the said King had sworne to him.
there,
Henry the 7 lodged in Baynards Castle.
and the Ambassadours from the
King of the Romanes, were thither
brought to his presence, and from
thence the king came to Pauls, and was
there sworne to the King of the Romans,
as the said King had sworne to him.
The twenty of the said King,
he with
his Knights of the Order, all in their
habits of the Gatter, rode from the
Tower of London through the City, un
to the Cathedrall Church of St. Pauls,
and there heard Evensong, and from
thence they rode to Baynards Castle,
where the king lodged, and on the next
morrow, in the same habit they rode
from thence againe to the said Church
of St. Pauls, went on Procession, heard
the divine Service, offered and retur
ned. The same yeere the King of Castile
was lodged there.
his Knights of the Order, all in their
habits of the Gatter, rode from the
Tower of London through the City, un
to the Cathedrall Church of St. Pauls,
and there heard Evensong, and from
thence they rode to Baynards Castle,
where the king lodged, and on the next
morrow, in the same habit they rode
from thence againe to the said Church
of St. Pauls, went on Procession, heard
the divine Service, offered and retur
ned. The same yeere the King of Castile
was
Towers and Castles.
was lodged there.
In the yeere 1553. the 19. of Iuly,
the Councell, partly moved with the
right of the Lady Maries cause, partly
considering, that the most of the Realm
was wholly bent on her side, changing
their minde from Lady Iane, lately pro
claimed Queen; assembled themselves
at this Baynards Castle, where they
communed with the Earle of Pembrooke27
and the Earle of Shrewsbury,28 and Sir
Iohn Mason, Clerke of the Councell,
sent for the Lord Maior, and then ri
ding into Cheape to the Crosse, where
Garter King at Armes (Trumpets being
sounded) proclaimed the Lady Marie,
Daughter to King Henry the eight, and
Queene Katharine, Queene of England,
&c.
the Councell, partly moved with the
right of the Lady Maries cause, partly
considering, that the most of the Realm
was wholly bent on her side, changing
their minde from Lady Iane, lately pro
claimed Queen; assembled themselves
at this Baynards Castle, where they
communed with the Earle of Pembrooke27
and the Earle of Shrewsbury,28 and Sir
Iohn Mason, Clerke of the Councell,
sent for the Lord Maior, and then ri
ding into Cheape to the Crosse, where
Garter King at Armes (Trumpets being
sounded) proclaimed the Lady Marie,
Daughter to King Henry the eight, and
Queene Katharine, Queene of England,
&c.
Next adjoyning to this Castle, was
sometime a Tower, the name thereof I
have not read, but that the same was
builded by Edward the second, is mani
fest by this that followeth:
sometime a Tower, the name thereof I
have not read, but that the same was
builded by Edward the second, is mani
fest by this that followeth:
King Edward the third,
yeere of his reigne, gave unto William de
Ros, of Hamelake in Yorkeshire, a Tow
er upon the water of Thames, by the Castle
Baynard, in the Citie of London, which
Tower his Father had builded, he gave the
said Tower and appurtenances to the said
William Hamesake, and his heires, for a
Rose yeerely to be paid for al service due, &c.
A Tower by Baynards Castle builded by Edward the second.
in the second
yeere of his reigne, gave unto William de
Ros, of Hamelake in Yorkeshire, a Tow
er upon the water of Thames, by the Castle
Baynard, in the Citie of London, which
Tower his Father had builded, he gave the
said Tower and appurtenances to the said
William Hamesake, and his heires, for a
Rose yeerely to be paid for al service due, &c.
THe next Tower or Castle,
ban
king also on the river of Thames,
was (as is afore shewed) called
Mountfiquits Castle, belonging to a No
bleman, Baron of Mountfiquit, the first
builder thereof, who came in with Wil
liam the Conquerour, and was after
ward named, William le Sir Monntfiquit.
This Castle hee builded in a place, not
far distant from Baynards, towards the
West. The same William Mountfiquit li
ved in the reigne of Henry the first, and was
witnesse to a Charter then granted to
the Citie for the Shiriffes of London,
Richard Mountfiquit lived in king Iohns
time, and in the yeere 1213. was by
the same king banished the Realme in
to France, when (peradventure) king
Iohn caused his Castle of Mountfiquit,
amongst other Castles of the Barons, to
be overthrowne. The which, after his
returne, might bee by him againe re e
dified; for the totall destruction there
of, was about the yeere 1276. when Ro
bert Kilwarby, Archbishop of Cantur
bury, began the foundation of the Fry
ers Preachers Church there, com
monly called, the Blacke Fryers, as
appeareth by a Charter, in the fourth
of Edward the first, in these words.
king also on the river of Thames,
was (as is afore shewed) called
Mountfiquits Castle, belonging to a No
bleman, Baron of Mountfiquit, the first
builder thereof, who came in with Wil
liam the Conquerour, and was after
ward named, William le Sir Monntfiquit.
This Castle hee builded in a place, not
far distant from Baynards, towards the
West. The same William Mountfiquit li
ved in the reigne of Henry the first, and was
witnesse to a Charter then granted to
the Citie for the Shiriffes of London,
Richard Mountfiquit lived in king Iohns
time, and in the yeere 1213. was by
the same king banished the Realme in
to France, when (peradventure) king
Iohn caused his Castle of Mountfiquit,
amongst other Castles of the Barons, to
be overthrowne. The which, after his
returne, might bee by him againe re e
dified; for the totall destruction there
of, was about the yeere 1276. when Ro
bert Kilwarby, Archbishop of Cantur
bury, began the foundation of the Fry
ers Preachers Church there, com
monly called, the Blacke Fryers, as
appeareth by a Charter, in the fourth
of Edward the first, in these words.
Gregory Rokesley,
the Barons of London, granted, and
gave to the Archbishop of Canturbury
Robert Kilwarby, two lanes or wayes, ly
ing next to the street of Baynards Castle,
and the Tower of Mountfiquit, or Mount
fichet to be destroyed. In the which place,
the said Robert builded the late new
Church of the Blacke Fryers, with the rest
of the stones that were left of the said Tow
er. For the best and choise stones the Bi
shop of London had obtained of King Wil
liam Conquerour, to re-edifie the upper
part of Saint Pauls Church, which was
then (by chance of fire) decaied.
Cant. Récord ex Charta. The prea
ching Fri
ers Church founded by Baynards Castle; before which time their Church was in Oldborne.
Lord Maior, and
ching Fri
ers Church founded by Baynards Castle; before which time their Church was in Oldborne.
the Barons of London, granted, and
gave to the Archbishop of Canturbury
Robert Kilwarby, two lanes or wayes, ly
ing next to the street of Baynards Castle,
and the Tower of Mountfiquit, or Mount
fichet to be destroyed. In the which place,
the said Robert builded the late new
Church of the Blacke Fryers, with the rest
of the stones that were left of the said Tow
er. For the best and choise stones the Bi
shop of London had obtained of King Wil
liam Conquerour, to re-edifie the upper
part of Saint Pauls Church, which was
then (by chance of fire) decaied.
One other Tower there was also,
tuate on the River of Thames, neere un
to the said Black Fryers Church, on the
West part thereof, builded at the Ci
tizens charges, by licence and comman
dement of Edward the first, and of Ed
ward the second as appeareth by their
gránts. Which Tower was then fini
shed, and so stood for the space of
300. yeeres; and was at the last taken
downe by the commandement of Iohn
Sha, Maior of London, in the yeere 1502.
Tower on the Thames
situate on the River of Thames, neere un
to the said Black Fryers Church, on the
West part thereof, builded at the Ci
tizens charges, by licence and comman
dement of Edward the first, and of Ed
ward the second as appeareth by their
gránts. Which Tower was then fini
shed, and so stood for the space of
300. yeeres; and was at the last taken
downe by the commandement of Iohn
Sha, Maior of London, in the yeere 1502.
Another Tower or Castle also was
there, in the West part of the Citie,
pertaining to the king. For I read, that
in the yeere 1087. the 20. of William
the first, the City of London, with the
Church of Saint Paul, being burned,
Mauritius then Bishop of London, after
ward began the foundation of a new
Church, whereunto king William (saith
mine Author) gave the choise stones of
his Castle, standing neere to the bank of
the River of Thames, at the west end of
the Citie.
his successor purchased the streets about
Pauls Church, compassing the same
with a wall of stone, and gates, King
Henry the first gave to this Richard, so
much of the Moat or wall of the Castle,
on the Thames side to the South, as
should be needfull to make the said wall
of the Churchyard, and so much more
as should suffice to make a way without
the wall on the North side.
there, in the West part of the Citie,
pertaining to the king. For I read, that
in the yeere 1087. the 20. of William
the first, the City of London, with the
Church of Saint Paul, being burned,
Mauritius then Bishop of London, after
ward began the foundation of a new
Church, whereunto king William (saith
mine Author) gave the choise stones of
his Castle, standing neere to the bank of
the River of Thames, at the west end of
G
the
Towers and Castles.
the Citie.
In vita Ar
kenwald.
After this Mauritius, Richard
kenwald.
his successor purchased the streets about
Pauls Church, compassing the same
with a wall of stone, and gates, King
Henry the first gave to this Richard, so
much of the Moat or wall of the Castle,
on the Thames side to the South, as
should be needfull to make the said wall
of the Churchyard, and so much more
as should suffice to make a way without
the wall on the North side.
This Tower or Castle being thus de
stroyed, stood, as it may seeme, in place
where now standeth the House called
Bridewell. For notwithstanding the de
struction of the said Castle or Tower,
the house remained large, so that the
Kings of this Realme long after were
lodged there, and kept their Courts.
For untill the 9. yeere of Henry the third,
the Courts of Law and Iustice were
kept in the Kings house, wheresoever he
was lodged, and not elsewhere. And
that the Kings have beene lodged, and
kept their Law Court in this place, I
could shew you many, authors of record;
but for a plaine proofe, this one may suf
fice: Hæc est finalis concordia, facta in Cu
ria Dom.
a die Sancti Michaelis in 15. dies Anno reg
ni Regis Iohannis 7. Corā G. Fil. Petri, Eu
stacio de Fauconberg, Iohanne de Gestlinge,
Osbart filio Hervey, Walter de Crisping, Iu
sticiar. & aliis Baronibus Domini Regis.
More (as Mathew Paris hath) about the
yeere 1210. King Iohn, the 12. of his
reigne, summoned a Parliament at S.
Brides in London, where he exacted of
the Clergie and religious persons, the
summe of one hundred thousand
pounds, and besides all this, the white
Monks were compelled to cancell their
priviledges, and to pay 40000. l. to the
King, &c. This house of S. Brides of la
ter time being left, and not used by the
Kings, fell to ruine, insomuch that the
very platforme thereof remained (for
great part) waste, and as it were, but a
lay-stall of filth and rubbish, only a faire
Well remained there. A great part of
this house, namely on the west, as hath
beene said, was given to the Bishop of
Salisbury;
East remained waste, untill King Henry
the 8. builded a stately and beautifull
house thereupon, giving it to name,
Bridewell, of the Parish and Well there.
This house he purposely builded for the
entertainmēt of the Emp. Charles the 5.
who in the yeere 1522. came into this
Citie, as I have shewed in my Summa
rie, Annales, and large Chronicles.
stroyed, stood, as it may seeme, in place
where now standeth the House called
Bridewell. For notwithstanding the de
struction of the said Castle or Tower,
the house remained large, so that the
Kings of this Realme long after were
lodged there, and kept their Courts.
For untill the 9. yeere of Henry the third,
the Courts of Law and Iustice were
kept in the Kings house, wheresoever he
was lodged, and not elsewhere. And
that the Kings have beene lodged, and
kept their Law Court in this place, I
could shew you many, authors of record;
but for a plaine proofe, this one may suf
fice: Hæc est finalis concordia, facta in Cu
ria Dom.
Lib. Burton super Trent.
Regis apud Sanct. Bridgid. Lond.
a die Sancti Michaelis in 15. dies Anno reg
ni Regis Iohannis 7. Corā G. Fil. Petri, Eu
stacio de Fauconberg, Iohanne de Gestlinge,
Osbart filio Hervey, Walter de Crisping, Iu
sticiar. & aliis Baronibus Domini Regis.
More (as Mathew Paris hath) about the
yeere 1210. King Iohn, the 12. of his
reigne, summoned a Parliament at S.
Brides in London, where he exacted of
the Clergie and religious persons, the
summe of one hundred thousand
pounds, and besides all this, the white
Monks were compelled to cancell their
priviledges, and to pay 40000. l. to the
King, &c. This house of S. Brides of la
ter time being left, and not used by the
Kings, fell to ruine, insomuch that the
very platforme thereof remained (for
great part) waste, and as it were, but a
lay-stall of filth and rubbish, only a faire
Well remained there. A great part of
this house, namely on the west, as hath
beene said, was given to the Bishop of
Salisbury;
Bridewell builded by King Henry the eighth.
the other part toward the
East remained waste, untill King Henry
the 8. builded a stately and beautifull
house thereupon, giving it to name,
Bridewell, of the Parish and Well there.
This house he purposely builded for the
entertainmēt of the Emp. Charles the 5.
who in the yeere 1522. came into this
Citie, as I have shewed in my Summa
rie, Annales, and large Chronicles.
On the North-west side of this Citie,
neere unto Redcrosse-street, there was a
Tower, commonly called Barbican, or
Burhkenning, for that the same, being
placed on an high ground, and also buil
ded of some good height, was (in old
time) used as a Watch-Tower for the
Citie, from whence a man might be
hold and view the whole Citie towards
the South, and also into Kent, Sussex
and Surrey, and likewise every other
way, East, North, or West.
neere unto Redcrosse-street, there was a
Tower, commonly called Barbican, or
Burhkenning, for that the same, being
placed on an high ground, and also buil
ded of some good height, was (in old
time) used as a Watch-Tower for the
Citie, from whence a man might be
hold and view the whole Citie towards
the South, and also into Kent, Sussex
and Surrey, and likewise every other
way, East, North, or West.
Some other Burhkennings or Watch-Towers
there were of old time, in and
about the Citie, all which were repay
red, yea and others new builded, by Gil
bert de Clare, Earle of Gloucester, in the
reigne of King Henry the third, when the
Barons were in Armes, and held the Ci
tie against the King. But the Barons
being reconciled to his favour, in the
yeere 1267. he caused all their Burhken
nings, Watch-Towers, and Bulwarkes,
made and repaired by the said Earle, to
be plucked downe, and the ditches to
be filled up, so that nought of them
might seeme to remaine. And then was
this Burhkenning, amongst the rest, over
throwne and destroyed: and although
the ditch neere thereunto, then called
Hounds-ditch, was stopped up, yet the
street (of long time after) was called
Hounds-ditch, and of late time (more
commonly) called Barbican. The plot
or seat of this Burhkëning or watch-tow
er, King Edward the third, in the yeere
1336. the tenth of his reigne, gave unto
Robert Vfford, Earle of Suffolke, by the
name of his Mannor of Base-court, in the
Parish of S. Giles without Creplegate of
London, commonly called the Barbican.
there were of old time, in and
about the Citie, all which were repay
red, yea and others new builded, by Gil
bert de Clare, Earle of Gloucester, in the
reigne of King Henry the third, when the
Barons were in Armes, and held the Ci
tie against the King. But the Barons
being reconciled to his favour, in the
yeere 1267. he caused all their Burhken
nings, Watch-Towers, and Bulwarkes,
made and repaired by the said Earle, to
be plucked downe, and the ditches to
be filled up, so that nought of them
might seeme to remaine. And then was
this Burhkenning, amongst the rest, over
throwne and destroyed: and although
the ditch neere thereunto, then called
Hounds-ditch, was stopped up, yet the
street (of long time after) was called
Hounds-ditch, and of late time (more
commonly) called Barbican. The plot
or seat of this Burhkëning or watch-tow
er, King Edward the third, in the yeere
1336. the tenth of his reigne, gave unto
Robert Vfford, Earle of Suffolke, by the
name of his Mannor of Base-court, in the
Parish of S. Giles without Creplegate of
London, commonly called the Barbican.
Tower Royall was of old time the kings
house, King Stephen was there lodged;
but since called the Queenes Ward
robe. The Princesse,30 mother to King Ri
chard the 2. in the 4. of his reigne, was
lodged there, being forced to fly frō the
Tower of London, when the Rebels pos
sessed it. But on the 15. of Iune, (saith
Frosard) Wat Tylar being slaine, the King
went to this Lady Princesse his mother,
then lodged in the Tower Royall, called
the Queenes Wardrobe, where shee
had tarried two dayes and two nights:
which Tower (saith the Record of Ed
ward the third, the thirty sixth yeere)
was in the Parishe of the Saint Michael de
Pater noster, &c.
house, King Stephen was there lodged;
but since called the Queenes Ward
robe. The Princesse,30 mother to King Ri
chard the 2. in the 4. of his reigne, was
lodged there, being forced to fly frō the
Tower of London, when the Rebels pos
sessed it. But on the 15. of Iune, (saith
Frosard) Wat Tylar being slaine, the King
went
Of Schooles and Houses of Learning.
went to this Lady Princesse his mother,
then lodged in the Tower Royall, called
the Queenes Wardrobe, where shee
had tarried two dayes and two nights:
which Tower (saith the Record of Ed
ward the third, the thirty sixth yeere)
was in the Parishe of the Saint Michael de
Pater noster, &c.
In the yeere 1386. King Richard with
Queene Anne his wife,
Christmas at Eltham, whither came to
him Lion King of Ermonie,
tence to reforme peace betwixt the
Kings of England and France; but what
his comming profited, he onely under
stood. For, besides innumerable gifts
that he received of the King and of the
Nobles, the King lying then in this
Tower Royall,
robe in London, granted to him a Char
ter, of a thousand pounds by yeere du
ring his life. He was, as hee affirmed,
chased out of his Kingdome by the Tar
tarians. More concerning this Tower
shall you read, when you come to the
Vintry Ward, in which it standeth.
Queene Anne his wife,
Lib. S. in Eborum.
kept their
Christmas at Eltham, whither came to
him Lion King of Ermonie,
The King of Ermonie came into England.
under pretence to reforme peace betwixt the
Kings of England and France; but what
his comming profited, he onely under
stood. For, besides innumerable gifts
that he received of the King and of the
Nobles, the King lying then in this
Tower Royall,
Richard 2. lodged in the Tower Royall.
or the Queenes Wardrobe in London, granted to him a Char
ter, of a thousand pounds by yeere du
ring his life. He was, as hee affirmed,
chased out of his Kingdome by the Tar
tarians. More concerning this Tower
shall you read, when you come to the
Vintry Ward, in which it standeth.
Sernes Tower in Bucklersberie,
was
sometimes the Kings house. Edward
the third, in the eighteenth yeere of his
reigne, appointed his Exchange of
monies therein to be kept, and in the
two and thirtieth, hee gave the same
Tower to his free Chappell of S. Ste
phen at Westminster.
sometimes the Kings house. Edward
the third, in the eighteenth yeere of his
reigne, appointed his Exchange of
monies therein to be kept, and in the
two and thirtieth, hee gave the same
Tower to his free Chappell of S. Ste
phen at Westminster.
Notes
- I.e., Tower Ditch. (JZ)↑
- I.e., Tower Ditch. (JZ)↑
- Stow is likely referring here to the area of the Tower called Bulwark Gate. (JZ)↑
- Stow likely means Robert Passelewe. (JZ)↑
- Stow mentions this same event in Queenhithe Ward where
Henry Brahe
is calledHenry of Bath.
(JZ)↑ - I.e., Eleanor of Provence. (JZ)↑
- I.e., London Bridge. (JZ)↑
- I.e., William Hastings. (JZ)↑
- There is a lack of consensus among early modern historiographers and modern historians on when regnal years begin and end. Cheney and Holinshed reckon that this date occurred in 1551, while Stow reckons that this date occurred in 1550. We have given preference here to Stow’s interpretation but readers should be aware that other interpretations exist. See MoEML’s Regnal Calendar or Cheney for more information. (JZ)↑
- There is a lack of consensus among early modern historiographers and modern historians on when regnal years begin and end. Cheney and Holinshed reckon that this date occurred in 1551, while Stow reckons that this date occurred in 1550. We have given preference here to Stow’s interpretation but readers should be aware that other interpretations exist. See MoEML’s Regnal Calendar or Cheney for more information. (JZ)↑
- There is a lack of consensus among early modern historiographers and modern historians on when regnal years begin and end. Cheney and Holinshed reckon that this date occurred in 1551, while Stow reckons that this date occurred in 1550. We have given preference here to Stow’s interpretation but readers should be aware that other interpretations exist. See MoEML’s Regnal Calendar or Cheney for more information. (JZ)↑
- The evening before the Feast of Corpus Christi. (JZ)↑
- Celebrated on the Thursday after Trinity Sunday, anywhere between May 21 and June 24. (JZ)↑
- Although historical accounts of this event differ, Stow’s attribution of this service to John Cavendish is most likely incorrect. According to ODNB, Cavendish was not with Richard II at this June 15, 1381 meeting with Wat Tyler but was beheaded by other rebels at Lakenheath the day before (ODNB Cavendish, Sir John). (JZ)↑
- It is possible that Stow is mistaken here. The ODNB states that the member of the royal party who mortally wounded Tyler, in addition to Sir William Walworth, was Sir Ralph Standish, an act that could have merited Standish a knighthood (ODNB Tyler, Walter [Wat]). Given the confusion of the historical accounts of this event, it is unclear whether there was a John and a Ralph Standish knighted at Smithfield by Richard II or if Stow is mistaken and it was only Ralph Standish. We have chosen to leave this name untagged and provide this note in lieu of a definite attribution. (JZ)↑
- I.e., Richard of Shrewsbury. (JZ)↑
- I.e., Drawbridge Tower. (JZ)↑
- I.e., Bridge Gate. (JZ)↑
- Stow is mistaken here. According to ODNB, Gilbert of Clare was Robert fitz Richard’s grandfather, not his father (See ODNB entry for Robert Fitzwalter). (JZ)↑
- Robert Fitzwalter actually died in 1235 (See ODNB entry for Robert Fitzwalter). (JZ)↑
- I.e., Robert de Ferrers. (JZ)↑
- Stow is mistaken here. According to ODNB, Lord Robert Fitzwalter’s son, Walter, predeceased him and had no children, making his other son, Sir Robert Fitzwalter, his heir (ODNB Fitzwalter family). This Robert may be the one here mentioned by Stow whose right and that of his heirs to Baynard’s Castle was recognized by the citizens of London in 1320. (JZ)↑
- Stow is mistaken here. The son of Sir Robert Fitzwalter was Lord John Fitzwalter, the second Lord Fitzwalter. Lord John Fitzwalter’s son and heir was named Walter Fitzwalter (ODNB Fitzwalter family). It is uncertain who Stow here means by
Robert Fitzrobert, Fitzwalter.
(JZ)↑ Lord Fitzwalter
here could indicate the first Lord Fitzwalter, Lord Robert Fitzwalter, who died in 1326, or Lord John Fitzwalter, who died in 1361 (ODNB Fitzwalter family). (JZ)↑- I.e., Richard Woodville. (JZ)↑
- Damage to page; missing letters inferred by context (JZ)↑
- I.e., William Herbert. (JZ)↑
- I.e., Francis Talbot. (JZ)↑
- I.e., William Herbert. (JZ)↑
- I.e., Joan of Kent. (JZ)↑
References
-
Citation
Cheney, C.R., ed. A Handbook of Dates for Students of British History. Ed. Michael Jones. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2004. Print.This item is cited in the following documents:
-
Citation
Holinshed, Raphael and William Harrison. The first and second volumes of Chronicles comprising 1 The description and historie of England, 2 The description and historie of Ireland, 3 The description and historie of Scotland: first collected and published by Raphaell Holinshed, William Harrison, and others: now newlie augmented and continued (with manifold matters of singular note and worthie memorie) to the yeare 1586. London, 1587. STC 13569.This item is cited in the following documents:
-
, , , and .
Survey of London (1633): Queen Hithe Ward.
The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 7.0, edited by , U of Victoria, 05 May 2022, mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/stow_1633_QUEE3.htm. Draft. -
, , , and .
Survey of London (1633): Gates of this City.
The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 7.0, edited by , U of Victoria, 05 May 2022, mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/stow_1633_gates.htm. Draft.
Cite this page
MLA citation
, , , and .
Survey of London (1633): Towers and Castles.The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 7.0, edited by , U of Victoria, 05 May 2022, mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/stow_1633_towers.htm. Draft.
Chicago citation
, , , and .
Survey of London (1633): Towers and Castles.The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 7.0. Ed. . Victoria: University of Victoria. Accessed May 05, 2022. mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/stow_1633_towers.htm. Draft.
APA citation
, , , & 2022. Survey of London (1633): Towers and Castles. In (Ed), The Map of Early Modern London (Edition 7.0). Victoria: University of Victoria. Retrieved from https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/editions/7.0/stow_1633_towers.htm. Draft.
RIS file (for RefMan, RefWorks, EndNote etc.)
Provider: University of Victoria Database: The Map of Early Modern London Content: text/plain; charset="utf-8" TY - ELEC A1 - Stow, John A1 - Munday, Anthony A1 - Munday, Anthony A1 - Dyson, Humphrey ED - Jenstad, Janelle T1 - Survey of London (1633): Towers and Castles T2 - The Map of Early Modern London ET - 7.0 PY - 2022 DA - 2022/05/05 CY - Victoria PB - University of Victoria LA - English UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/stow_1633_towers.htm UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/xml/standalone/stow_1633_towers.xml TY - UNP ER -
TEI citation
<bibl type="mla"><author><name ref="#STOW6"><surname>Stow</surname>, <forename>John</forename></name></author>,
<author><name ref="#MUND1"><forename>Anthony</forename> <surname>Munday</surname></name></author>,
<author><name ref="#MUND1"><forename>Anthony</forename> <surname>Munday</surname></name></author>,
and <author><name ref="#DYSO1"><forename>Humphrey</forename> <surname>Dyson</surname></name></author>.
<title level="a">Survey of London (1633): Towers and Castles</title>. <title level="m">The
Map of Early Modern London</title>, Edition <edition>7.0</edition>, edited by <editor><name
ref="#JENS1"><forename>Janelle</forename> <surname>Jenstad</surname></name></editor>,
<publisher>U of Victoria</publisher>, <date when="2022-05-05">05 May 2022</date>,
<ref target="https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/stow_1633_towers.htm">mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/stow_1633_towers.htm</ref>.
Draft.</bibl>
Personography
-
Molly Rothwell
MR
Project Manager, 2022-present. Research Assistant, 2020-2022. Molly Rothwell was an undergraduate student at the University of Victoria, with a double major in English and History. During her time at MoEML, Molly primarily worked on encoding and transcribing the 1598 and 1633 editions of Stow’s Survey, adding toponyms to MoEML’s Gazetteer, researching England’s early-modern court system, and standardizing MoEML’s Mapography.Roles played in the project
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Molly Rothwell is mentioned in the following documents:
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Jamie Zabel
JZ
Research Assistant, 2020-2021. Managing Encoder, 2020-2021. Jamie Zabel was an MA student at the University of Victoria in the Department of English. She completed her BA in English at the University of British Columbia in 2017. She published a paper in University College London’s graduate publication Moveable Type (2020) and presented at the University of Victoria’s 2021 Digital Humanities Summer Institute. During her time at MoEML, she made significant contributions to the 1598 and 1633 editions of Stow’s Survey as proofreader, editor, and encoder, coordinated the encoding of the 1633 edition, and researched and authored a number of encyclopedia articles and geo-coordinates to supplement both editions. She also played a key role in managing the correction process of MoEML’s Gazetteer.Roles played in the project
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Chris Horne
CH
Research Assistant, 2018-2020. Chris Horne was an honours student in the Department of English at the University of Victoria. His primary research interests included American modernism, affect studies, cultural studies, and digital humanities.Roles played in the project
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Tracey El Hajj
TEH
Junior Programmer 2018-2020. Research Associate 2020-2021. Tracey received her PhD from the Department of English at the University of Victoria in the field of Science and Technology Studies. Her research focuses on the algorhythmics of networked communications. She was a 2019-20 President’s Fellow in Research-Enriched Teaching at UVic, where she taught an advanced course onArtificial Intelligence and Everyday Life.
Tracey was also a member of the Linked Early Modern Drama Online team, between 2019 and 2021. Between 2020 and 2021, she was a fellow in residence at the Praxis Studio for Comparative Media Studies, where she investigated the relationships between artificial intelligence, creativity, health, and justice. As of July 2021, Tracey has moved into the alt-ac world for a term position, while also teaching in the English Department at the University of Victoria.Roles played in the project
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Joey Takeda
JT
Programmer, 2018-present. Junior Programmer, 2015-2017. Research Assistant, 2014-2017. Joey Takeda was a graduate student at the University of British Columbia in the Department of English (Science and Technology research stream). He completed his BA honours in English (with a minor in Women’s Studies) at the University of Victoria in 2016. His primary research interests included diasporic and indigenous Canadian and American literature, critical theory, cultural studies, and the digital humanities.Roles played in the project
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Jenstad, Janelle and Joseph Takeda.
Making the RA Matter: Pedagogy, Interface, and Practices.
Making Things and Drawing Boundaries: Experiments in the Digital Humanities. Ed. Jentery Sayers. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 2018. Print.
-
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Janelle Jenstad
JJ
Janelle Jenstad is Associate Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of The Map of Early Modern London, and PI of Linked Early Modern Drama Online. She has taught at Queen’s University, the Summer Academy at the Stratford Festival, the University of Windsor, and the University of Victoria. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Kaethler, she co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media (Routledge). She has prepared a documentary edition of John Stow’s A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in Digital Humanities Quarterly, Renaissance and Reformation,Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, Early Modern Literary Studies, Elizabethan Theatre, Shakespeare Bulletin: A Journal of Performance Criticism, and The Silver Society Journal. Her book chapters have appeared (or will appear) in Institutional Culture in Early Modern Society (Brill, 2004), Shakespeare, Language and the Stage, The Fifth Wall: Approaches to Shakespeare from Criticism, Performance and Theatre Studies (Arden/Thomson Learning, 2005), Approaches to Teaching Othello (Modern Language Association, 2005), Performing Maternity in Early Modern England (Ashgate, 2007), New Directions in the Geohumanities: Art, Text, and History at the Edge of Place (Routledge, 2011), Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter, 2016), Teaching Early Modern English Literature from the Archives (MLA, 2015), Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers (Indiana, 2016), Making Things and Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota, 2017), and Rethinking Shakespeare’s Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies (Routledge, 2018).Roles played in the project
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Vetter
Contributions by this author
Janelle Jenstad is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:
Janelle Jenstad is mentioned in the following documents:
Janelle Jenstad authored or edited the following items in MoEML’s bibliography:
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Jenstad, Janelle and Joseph Takeda.
Making the RA Matter: Pedagogy, Interface, and Practices.
Making Things and Drawing Boundaries: Experiments in the Digital Humanities. Ed. Jentery Sayers. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 2018. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Building a Gazetteer for Early Modern London, 1550-1650.
Placing Names. Ed. Merrick Lex Berman, Ruth Mostern, and Humphrey Southall. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana UP, 2016. 129-145. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
The Burse and the Merchant’s Purse: Coin, Credit, and the Nation in Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody.
The Elizabethan Theatre XV. Ed. C.E. McGee and A.L. Magnusson. Toronto: P.D. Meany, 2002. 181–202. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Early Modern Literary Studies 8.2 (2002): 5.1–26..The City Cannot Hold You
: Social Conversion in the Goldsmith’s Shop. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
The Silver Society Journal 10 (1998): 40–43.The Gouldesmythes Storehowse
: Early Evidence for Specialisation. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Lying-in Like a Countess: The Lisle Letters, the Cecil Family, and A Chaste Maid in Cheapside.
Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 34 (2004): 373–403. doi:10.1215/10829636–34–2–373. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Public Glory, Private Gilt: The Goldsmiths’ Company and the Spectacle of Punishment.
Institutional Culture in Early Modern Society. Ed. Anne Goldgar and Robert Frost. Leiden: Brill, 2004. 191–217. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Smock Secrets: Birth and Women’s Mysteries on the Early Modern Stage.
Performing Maternity in Early Modern England. Ed. Katherine Moncrief and Kathryn McPherson. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007. 87–99. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Using Early Modern Maps in Literary Studies: Views and Caveats from London.
GeoHumanities: Art, History, Text at the Edge of Place. Ed. Michael Dear, James Ketchum, Sarah Luria, and Doug Richardson. London: Routledge, 2011. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Versioning John Stow’s A Survey of London, or, What’s New in 1618 and 1633?.
Janelle Jenstad Blog. https://janellejenstad.com/2013/03/20/versioning-john-stows-a-survey-of-london-or-whats-new-in-1618-and-1633/. -
Shakespeare, William. The Merchant of Venice. Ed. Janelle Jenstad. Internet Shakespeare Editions. U of Victoria. http://internetshakespeare.uvic.ca/Library/Texts/MV/.
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Stow, John. A SVRVAY OF LONDON. Contayning the Originall, Antiquity, Increase, Moderne estate, and description of that Citie, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow Citizen of London. Also an Apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that Citie, the greatnesse thereof. With an Appendix, containing in Latine, Libellum de situ & nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. Ed. Janelle Jenstad and the MoEML Team. MoEML. Transcribed.
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Paul Schaffner
PS
E-text and TCP production manager at the University of Michigan Digital Library Production Service (DLPS), Paul manages the production of full-text transcriptions for EEBO-TCP.Roles played in the project
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Editor of Original EEBO-TCP Encoding
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Sebastian Rahtz
SR
Chief data architect at University of Oxford IT Services, Sebastian was well known for his contributions to the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), OxGarage, and the Text Creation Partnership (TCP).Roles played in the project
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Creator of TEI Stylesheets for Conversion of EEBO-TCP Encoding to TEI-P5
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Martin D. Holmes
MDH
Programmer at the University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre (HCMC). Martin ported the MOL project from its original PHP incarnation to a pure eXist database implementation in the fall of 2011. Since then, he has been lead programmer on the project and has also been responsible for maintaining the project schemas. He was a co-applicant on MoEML’s 2012 SSHRC Insight Grant.Roles played in the project
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Contributions by this author
Martin D. Holmes is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:
Martin D. Holmes is mentioned in the following documents:
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Alfred the Great
Alfred the Great King of Wessex King of the Anglo-Saxons
(b. between 848 and 849, d. 899)King of Wessex 871-886. King of the Anglo-Saxons 886-899. Father of Ethelfled. Father-in-law of Æthelred and Adhered.Alfred the Great is mentioned in the following documents:
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Anne Boleyn is mentioned in the following documents:
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Catherine of Aragon is mentioned in the following documents:
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Ralph Baynard is mentioned in the following documents:
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William Baynard is mentioned in the following documents:
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Richard de Belmeis I
Richard de Belmeis This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 1I Bishop of London
(d. 1127)Richard de Belmeis I is mentioned in the following documents:
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John Bever is mentioned in the following documents:
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Nicholas Bourne is mentioned in the following documents:
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Charles V
Charles This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 5V Holy Roman Emperor King of Germany King of Italy King of Spain
(b. 1500, d. 1558)Holy Roman Emperor 1519-1556. King of Germany 1519-1556. King of Italy 1530-1556. King of Spain 1516-1556.Charles V is mentioned in the following documents:
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George Plantagenet
(b. 1449, d. 1478)First Duke of Clarence. Drowned in a vessel filled with malmsey (a fortified wine).George Plantagenet is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir Thomas Cook
Sir Thomas Cook Sheriff Mayor
(b. 1410, d. 1478)Sheriff of London 1453-1454. Mayor 1462-1463. Member of the Drapers’ Company. Warden of Drapers’ Hall. Buried at Austin Friars.Sir Thomas Cook is mentioned in the following documents:
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Humphrey Dyson is mentioned in the following documents:
Humphrey Dyson authored or edited the following items in MoEML’s bibliography:
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Stow, John, Anthony Munday, and Humphrey Dyson. THE SURVEY OF LONDON: CONTAINING The Original, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of that City, Methodically set down. With a Memorial of those famouser Acts of Charity, which for publick and Pious Vses have been bestowed by many Worshipfull Citizens and Benefactors. As also all the Ancient and Modern Monuments erected in the Churches, not only of those two famous Cities, LONDON and WESTMINSTER, but (now newly added) Four miles compass. Begun first by the pains and industry of John Stow, in the year 1598. Afterwards inlarged by the care and diligence of A.M. in the year 1618. And now compleatly finished by the study &labour of A.M., H.D. and others, this present year 1633. Whereunto, besides many Additions (as appears by the Contents) are annexed divers Alphabetical Tables, especially two, The first, an index of Things. The second, a Concordance of Names. London: Printed for Nicholas Bourne, 1633. STC 23345.5.
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Strype, John, John Stow, Anthony Munday, and Humphrey Dyson. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster. Vol. 2. London, 1720. Remediated by The Making of the Modern World.
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Edward I
Edward This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 1I King of England Longshanks Hammer of the Scots
(b. between 17 June 1239 and 18 June 1239, d. in or before 27 October 1307)Edward I is mentioned in the following documents:
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Edward of Woodstock
Edward the Black Prince
(b. 1330, d. 1376)Prince of Wales and Aquitaine. Father of Richard II. Son of Edward III.Edward of Woodstock is mentioned in the following documents:
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Edward III
Edward This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 3III King of England
(b. 12 November 1312, d. 21 June 1377)Edward III is mentioned in the following documents:
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Edward VI
Edward This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 6VI King of England King of Ireland
(b. 12 October 1537, d. 6 July 1553)Edward VI is mentioned in the following documents:
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Edward IV
Edward This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 4IV King of England
(b. 28 April 1442, d. 9 April 1483)Edward IV is mentioned in the following documents:
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Edward the Confessor
Edward the Confessor King of England
(b. between 1003 and 1005, d. between 4 January 1066 and 5 January 1066)Edward the Confessor is mentioned in the following documents:
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Elizabeth I
Elizabeth This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 1I Queen of England Queen of Ireland Gloriana Good Queen Bess
(b. 7 September 1533, d. 24 March 1603)Queen of England and Ireland 1558-1603.Elizabeth I is mentioned in the following documents:
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Elizabeth of York
Elizabeth Queen consort of England
(b. 1466, d. 1503)Queen consort of England 1486-1503. Wife of Henry VII. Mother of Henry VIII. Buried at Henry VII’s Chapel.Elizabeth of York is mentioned in the following documents:
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William fitz-Stephen is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir John Plummer is mentioned in the following documents:
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Henry le Waleys is mentioned in the following documents:
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Eleanor of Provence
Eleanor Queen consort of England
Queen consort of England 1236-1272. Wife of Henry III. Daughter of Ramon Berenguer IV and Beatrice of Savoy. Sister of Margaret of Provence, Sanchia of Provence, and Beatrice of Provence.Eleanor of Provence is mentioned in the following documents:
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John of Gaunt
John
(b. 1340, d. 1399)Duke of Aquitaine and First Duke of Lancaster. Husband of Blanche of Lancaster.John of Gaunt is mentioned in the following documents:
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Lady Jane Grey (née Dudley)
Lady Jane Grey Dudley
(b. 1537, d. 1554)Contested Queen of England from 10 July to 19 July 1553.Lady Jane Grey (née Dudley) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Henry VIII
Henry This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 8VIII King of England King of Ireland
(b. 28 June 1491, d. 28 January 1547)King of England and Ireland 1509-1547.Henry VIII is mentioned in the following documents:
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Henry VI
Henry This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 6VI King of England
(b. 6 December 1421, d. 21 May 1471)Henry VI is mentioned in the following documents:
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Henry VII
Henry This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 7VII King of England
(b. 1457, d. 1509)Henry VII is mentioned in the following documents:
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Henry III
Henry This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 3III King of England
(b. 1 October 1207, d. 16 November 1272)Henry III is mentioned in the following documents:
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Henry V
Henry This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 5V King of England
(b. 1386, d. 1422)Henry V is mentioned in the following documents:
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William Herbert
(b. 1580, d. 1630)Third Earl of Pembroke. Son of Henry Herbert. Brother of Phillip Herbert. Dedicatee of William Shakespeare’s First Folio.William Herbert is mentioned in the following documents:
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Roger of Hoveden is mentioned in the following documents:
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Joan of Kent
Joan
(b. 1328, d. 1385)Countess of Kent and Princess of Wales and Aquitaine. Mother of Richard II and Edmond Holland.Joan of Kent is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir Robert Knolles
(d. 1407)First Earl of Banbury. Led a large group of London citizens to Smithfield to assist Richard II during the Peasant’s Revolt of 1381. Husband of Constance Knolles. Buried at Whitefriars Church.Sir Robert Knolles is mentioned in the following documents:
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Humphrey of Lancaster
Humphrey
(b. 1390, d. 1447)First Duke of Gloucester. Prince, soldier, and literary patron. Rebuit Baynard’s Castle after it was destroyed by fire in 1428. Husband of Eleanor de Cobham. Son of Henry IV and Mary de Bohun.Humphrey of Lancaster is mentioned in the following documents:
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William de Longchamp
William de Longchamp Bishop of Ely
(d. 1197)Bishop of Ely 1189–1197. Chancellor of England.William de Longchamp is mentioned in the following documents:
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Margaret of Anjou is mentioned in the following documents:
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Mary I
Mary This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 1I Queen of England Queen of Ireland
(b. 18 February 1516, d. 17 November 1558)Mary I is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir John Mason
(b. 1503, d. 1566)Diplomat and Member of Parliament. Not to be confused with John Mason or John Mason.Sir John Mason is mentioned in the following documents:
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Maurice is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir Thomas More is mentioned in the following documents:
Sir Thomas More authored or edited the following items in MoEML’s bibliography:
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More, Thomas. The co[n]futacyon of Tyndales answere made by syr Thomas More knyght lorde chau[n]cellour of Englonde. London, 1532. STC 18079.
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Anthony Munday
(bap. 1560, d. 1633)Playwright, actor, pageant poet, translator, and writer. Possible member of the Drapers’ Company or Merchant Taylors’ Company.Anthony Munday is mentioned in the following documents:
Anthony Munday authored or edited the following items in MoEML’s bibliography:
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Anthony Munday. The Triumphs of Re-United Britannia. Arthur F. Kinney. Renaissance Drama: An Anthology of Plays and Entertainments. 2nd ed. Toronto: Wiley, 2005.
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Munday, Anthony. Camp-Bell: or the Ironmongers Faire Feild. London: Edward Allde, 1609. DEEP406. STC 18279.
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Munday, Anthony, Henry Chettle, Thomas Dekker, Thomas Heywood, and William Shakespeare. Sir Thomas More. 1998. Remediated by Project Gutenberg.
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Munday, Anthony, Henry Chettle, Thomas Dekker, Thomas Heywood, and William Shakespeare. Sir Thomas More. Ed. Vittorio Gabrieli and Giorgio Melchiori. Revels Plays. Manchester; New York: Manchester UP, 1990. Print.
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Munday, Anthony. Metropolis Coronata, The Trivmphes of Ancient Drapery. London: George Purslowe, 1615. DEEP 630. STC 18275.
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Stow, John, Anthony Munday, and Henry Holland. THE SVRVAY of LONDON: Containing, The Originall, Antiquitie, Encrease, and more Moderne Estate of the sayd Famous Citie. As also, the Rule and Gouernment thereof (both Ecclesiasticall and Temporall) from time to time. With a briefe Relation of all the memorable Monuments, and other especiall Obseruations, both in and about the same CITIE. Written in the yeere 1598. by Iohn Stow, Citizen of London. Since then, continued, corrected and much enlarged, with many rare and worthy Notes, both of Venerable Antiquity, and later memorie; such, as were neuer published before this present yeere 1618. London: George Purslowe, 1618. STC 23344. Yale University Library copy.
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Stow, John, Anthony Munday, and Humphrey Dyson. THE SURVEY OF LONDON: CONTAINING The Original, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of that City, Methodically set down. With a Memorial of those famouser Acts of Charity, which for publick and Pious Vses have been bestowed by many Worshipfull Citizens and Benefactors. As also all the Ancient and Modern Monuments erected in the Churches, not only of those two famous Cities, LONDON and WESTMINSTER, but (now newly added) Four miles compass. Begun first by the pains and industry of John Stow, in the year 1598. Afterwards inlarged by the care and diligence of A.M. in the year 1618. And now compleatly finished by the study &labour of A.M., H.D. and others, this present year 1633. Whereunto, besides many Additions (as appears by the Contents) are annexed divers Alphabetical Tables, especially two, The first, an index of Things. The second, a Concordance of Names. London: Printed for Nicholas Bourne, 1633. STC 23345.5.
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Strype, John, John Stow, Anthony Munday, and Humphrey Dyson. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster. Vol. 2. London, 1720. Remediated by The Making of the Modern World.
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Richard II
Richard This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 2II King of England
(b. 6 January 1367, d. 1400)Richard II is mentioned in the following documents:
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Richard III
Richard This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 3III King of England
(b. 1452, d. 1485)King of England and Lord of Ireland 1483-1485.Richard III is mentioned in the following documents:
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John Stow
(b. between 1524 and 1525, d. 1605)Historian and author of A Survey of London. Husband of Elizabeth Stow.John Stow is mentioned in the following documents:
John Stow authored or edited the following items in MoEML’s bibliography:
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Blome, Richard.
Aldersgate Ward and St. Martins le Grand Liberty Taken from the Last Survey, with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. M3r and sig. M4v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Aldgate Ward with its Division into Parishes. Taken from the Last Survey, with Corrections & Additions.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. H3r and sig. H4v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Billingsgate Ward and Bridge Ward Within with it’s Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. Y2r and sig. Y3v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Bishopsgate-street Ward. Taken from the Last Survey and Corrected.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. N1r and sig. N2v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Bread Street Ward and Cardwainter Ward with its Division into Parishes Taken from the Last Survey.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. B3r and sig. B4v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Broad Street Ward with its Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey with Corrections and Additions, & Cornhill Ward with its Divisions into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey, &c.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. P2r and sig. P3v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Cheape Ward with its Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey, with Corrections and Additions.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig.D1r and sig. D2v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Coleman Street Ward and Bashishaw Ward Taken from the Last Survey with Corrections and Additions.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. G2r and sig. G3v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Cow Cross being St Sepulchers Parish Without and the Charterhouse.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. H2v and sig. H3r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Creplegate Ward with its Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey, with Additions, and Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. I3r and sig. I4v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Farrington Ward Without, with its Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey with Corrections & Amendments.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. 2F3r and sig. 2F4v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Lambeth and Christ Church Parish Southwark. Taken from ye last Survey with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. Z1r and sig. Z2r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Langborne Ward with its Division into Parishes. Corrected from the Last Survey. & Candlewick Ward with its Division into Parishes. Corrected from the Last Survey.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. U3r and sig. U4v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Map of St. Gilles’s Cripple Gate. Without. With Large Additions and Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. H2v and sig. H3r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Map of the Parish of St. Dunstans Stepney, als. Stebunheath Divided into Hamlets.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. F3r and sig. F4v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Map of the Parish of St Mary White Chappel and a Map of the Parish of St Katherines by the Tower.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. F2r and sig. F3v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Mapp of Lime Street Ward. Taken from ye Last Surveys & Corrected.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. M1r and sig. M2v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Mapp of St. Andrews Holborn Parish as well Within the Liberty as Without.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. 2I1r and sig. 2I2v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Mapp of the Parishes of St. Clements Danes, St. Mary Savoy; with the Rolls Liberty and Lincolns Inn, Taken from the Last Survey with Corrections and Additions.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig.O4v and sig. O1r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Mapp of the Parish of St. Anns. Taken from the last Survey, with Correction, and Additions.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. L2v and sig. L3r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Mapp of the Parish of St. Giles’s in the Fields Taken from the Last Servey, with Corrections and Additions.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. K1v and sig. K2r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Mapp of the Parish of St Margarets Westminster Taken from the Last Survey with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig.H3v and sig. H4r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Mapp of the Parish of St Martins in the Fields Taken from ye Last Survey with Additions.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. I1v and sig. I2r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Mapp of the Parish of St Pauls Covent Garden Taken from the Last Survey.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. L3v and sig. L4r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Mapp of the Parish of St Saviours Southwark and St Georges taken from ye last Survey.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. D1r and sig.D2v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
The Parish of St. James Clerkenwell taken from ye last Survey with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. H3v and sig. H4r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
The Parish of St. James’s, Westminster Taken from the Last Survey with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. K4v and sig. L1r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
The Parish of St Johns Wapping. The Parish of St Paul Shadwell.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. E2r and sig. E3v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Portsoken Ward being Part of the Parish of St. Buttolphs Aldgate, taken from the Last Survey, with Corrections and Additions.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. B1v and sig. B2r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Queen Hith Ward and Vintry Ward with their Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. 2C4r and sig. 2D1v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Shoreditch Norton Folgate, and Crepplegate Without Taken from ye Last Survey with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. G1r and sig. G2v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Spittle Fields and Places Adjacent Taken from ye Last Survey with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. F4r and sig. G1v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
St. Olave and St. Mary Magdalens Bermondsey Southwark Taken from ye last Survey with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. C2r and sig.C3v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Tower Street Ward with its Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey, with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. E2r and sig. E3v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Walbrook Ward and Dowgate Ward with its Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Surveys.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. 2B3r and sig. 2B4v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
The Wards of Farington Within and Baynards Castle with its Divisions into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey, with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. Q2r and sig. Q3v. [See more information about this map.] -
The City of London as in Q. Elizabeth’s Time.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Frontispiece. -
A Map of the Tower Liberty.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. H4v and sig. I1r. [See more information about this map.] -
A New Plan of the City of London, Westminster and Southwark.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Frontispiece. -
Pearl, Valerie.
Introduction.
A Survey of London. By John Stow. Ed. H.B. Wheatley. London: Everyman’s Library, 1987. v–xii. Print. -
Pullen, John.
A Map of the Parish of St Mary Rotherhith.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. Z3r and sig. Z4r. [See more information about this map.] -
Stow, John. The abridgement of the English Chronicle, first collected by M. Iohn Stow, and after him augmented with very many memorable antiquities, and continued with matters forreine and domesticall, vnto the beginning of the yeare, 1618. by E.H. Gentleman. London, Edward Allde and Nicholas Okes, 1618. STC 23332.
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Stow, John. The annales of England Faithfully collected out of the most autenticall authors, records, and other monuments of antiquitie, lately collected, since encreased, and continued, from the first habitation vntill this present yeare 1605. London: Peter Short, Felix Kingston, and George Eld, 1605. STC 23337.
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Stow, John, Anthony Munday, and Henry Holland. THE SVRVAY of LONDON: Containing, The Originall, Antiquitie, Encrease, and more Moderne Estate of the sayd Famous Citie. As also, the Rule and Gouernment thereof (both Ecclesiasticall and Temporall) from time to time. With a briefe Relation of all the memorable Monuments, and other especiall Obseruations, both in and about the same CITIE. Written in the yeere 1598. by Iohn Stow, Citizen of London. Since then, continued, corrected and much enlarged, with many rare and worthy Notes, both of Venerable Antiquity, and later memorie; such, as were neuer published before this present yeere 1618. London: George Purslowe, 1618. STC 23344. Yale University Library copy.
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Stow, John, Anthony Munday, and Humphrey Dyson. THE SURVEY OF LONDON: CONTAINING The Original, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of that City, Methodically set down. With a Memorial of those famouser Acts of Charity, which for publick and Pious Vses have been bestowed by many Worshipfull Citizens and Benefactors. As also all the Ancient and Modern Monuments erected in the Churches, not only of those two famous Cities, LONDON and WESTMINSTER, but (now newly added) Four miles compass. Begun first by the pains and industry of John Stow, in the year 1598. Afterwards inlarged by the care and diligence of A.M. in the year 1618. And now compleatly finished by the study &labour of A.M., H.D. and others, this present year 1633. Whereunto, besides many Additions (as appears by the Contents) are annexed divers Alphabetical Tables, especially two, The first, an index of Things. The second, a Concordance of Names. London: Printed for Nicholas Bourne, 1633. STC 23345.5.
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Stow, John. The chronicles of England from Brute vnto this present yeare of Christ. 1580. Collected by Iohn Stow citizen of London. London, 1580.
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Stow, John. A Summarie of the Chronicles of England. Diligently Collected, Abridged, & Continued vnto this Present Yeere of Christ, 1598. London: Imprinted by Richard Bradocke, 1598.
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Stow, John. A suruay of London· Conteyning the originall, antiquity, increase, moderne estate, and description of that city, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow citizen of London. Since by the same author increased, with diuers rare notes of antiquity, and published in the yeare, 1603. Also an apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that citie, the greatnesse thereof. VVith an appendix, contayning in Latine Libellum de situ & nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. London: John Windet, 1603. STC 23343. U of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign Campus) copy.
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Stow, John, The survey of London contayning the originall, increase, moderne estate, and government of that city, methodically set downe. With a memoriall of those famouser acts of charity, which for publicke and pious vses have beene bestowed by many worshipfull citizens and benefactors. As also all the ancient and moderne monuments erected in the churches, not onely of those two famous cities, London and Westminster, but (now newly added) foure miles compasse. Begunne first by the paines and industry of Iohn Stovv, in the yeere 1598. Afterwards inlarged by the care and diligence of A.M. in the yeere 1618. And now completely finished by the study and labour of A.M. H.D. and others, this present yeere 1633. Whereunto, besides many additions (as appeares by the contents) are annexed divers alphabeticall tables; especially two: the first, an index of things. The second, a concordance of names. London: Printed by Elizabeth Purslovv for Nicholas Bourne, 1633. STC 23345. U of Victoria copy.
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Stow, John, The survey of London contayning the originall, increase, moderne estate, and government of that city, methodically set downe. With a memoriall of those famouser acts of charity, which for publicke and pious vses have beene bestowed by many worshipfull citizens and benefactors. As also all the ancient and moderne monuments erected in the churches, not onely of those two famous cities, London and Westminster, but (now newly added) foure miles compasse. Begunne first by the paines and industry of Iohn Stovv, in the yeere 1598. Afterwards inlarged by the care and diligence of A.M. in the yeere 1618. And now completely finished by the study and labour of A.M. H.D. and others, this present yeere 1633. Whereunto, besides many additions (as appeares by the contents) are annexed divers alphabeticall tables; especially two: the first, an index of things. The second, a concordance of names. London: Printed by Elizabeth Purslovv [i.e., Purslow] for Nicholas Bourne, 1633. STC 23345.
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Stow, John. A Survey of London. Reprinted from the Text of 1603. Ed. Charles Lethbridge Kingsford. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1908. Remediated by British History Online. [Kingsford edition, courtesy of The Centre for Metropolitan History. Articles written after 2011 cite from this searchable transcription.]
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Stow, John. A Survey of London. Reprinted from the Text of 1603. Ed. Charles Lethbridge Kingsford. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1908. See also the digital transcription of this edition at British History Online.
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Stow, John. A SVRVAY OF LONDON. Contayning the Originall, Antiquity, Increase, Moderne estate, and description of that Citie, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow Citizen of London. Also an Apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that Citie, the greatnesse thereof. With an Appendix, containing in Latine, Libellum de situ &nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. 23341. Transcribed by EEBO-TCP.
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Stow, John. A SVRVAY OF LONDON. Contayning the Originall, Antiquity, Increase, Moderne estate, and description of that Citie, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow Citizen of London. Also an Apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that Citie, the greatnesse thereof. With an Appendix, containing in Latine, Libellum de situ & nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. Ed. Janelle Jenstad and the MoEML Team. MoEML. Transcribed.
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Stow, John. A SVRVAY OF LONDON. Contayning the Originall, Antiquity, Increase, Moderne estate, and description of that Citie, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow Citizen of London. Also an Apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that Citie, the greatnesse thereof. With an Appendix, containing in Latine, Libellum de situ &nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. Folger Shakespeare Library.
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Stow, John. A SVRVAY OF LONDON. Contayning the Originall, Antiquity, Increase, Moderne estate, and description of that Citie, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow Citizen of London. Also an Apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that Citie, the greatnesse thereof. With an Appendix, containing in Latine, Libellum de situ &nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. London: John Windet for John Wolfe, 1598. STC 23341.
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Stow, John. A SVRVAY OF LONDON. Coteyning the Originall, Antiquity, Increaſe, Moderne eſtate, and deſcription of that City, written in the yeare 1598, by Iohn Stow Citizen of London. Since by the ſame Author increaſed with diuers rare notes of Antiquity, and publiſhed in the yeare, 1603. Alſo an Apologie (or defence) againſt the opinion of ſome men, concerning that Citie, the greatneſſe thereof. With an Appendix, contayning in Latine Libellum de ſitu & nobilitae Londini: Writen by William Fitzſtephen, in the raigne of Henry the ſecond. London: John Windet, 1603. U of Victoria copy. Print.
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Strype, John, John Stow, Anthony Munday, and Humphrey Dyson. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster. Vol. 2. London, 1720. Remediated by The Making of the Modern World.
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Strype, John, John Stow. A SURVEY OF THE CITIES OF LONDON and WESTMINSTER, And the Borough of SOUTHWARK. CONTAINING The Original, Antiquity, Increase, present State and Government of those CITIES. Written at first in the Year 1698, By John Stow, Citizen and Native of London. Corrected, Improved, and very much Enlarged, in the Year 1720, By JOHN STRYPE, M.A. A NATIVE ALSO OF THE SAID CITY. The Survey and History brought down to the present Time BY CAREFUL HANDS. Illustrated with exact Maps of the City and Suburbs, and of all the Wards; and, likewise, of the Out-Parishes of London and Westminster, and the Country ten Miles round London. Together with many fair Draughts of the most Eminent Buildings. The Life of the Author, written by Mr. Strype, is prefixed; And, at the End is added, an APPENDIX Of certain Tracts, Discourses, and Remarks on the State of the City of London. 6th ed. 2 vols. London: Printed for W. Innys and J. Richardson, J. and P. Knapton, and S. Birt, R. Ware, T. and T. Longman, and seven others, 1754–1755. ESTC T150145.
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Strype, John, John Stow. A survey of the cities of London and Westminster: containing the original, antiquity, increase, modern estate and government of those cities. Written at first in the year MDXCVIII. By John Stow, citizen and native of London. Since reprinted and augmented by A.M. H.D. and other. Now lastly, corrected, improved, and very much enlarged: and the survey and history brought down from the year 1633, (being near fourscore years since it was last printed) to the present time; by John Strype, M.A. a native also of the said city. Illustrated with exact maps of the city and suburbs, and of all the wards; and likewise of the out-parishes of London and Westminster: together with many other fair draughts of the more eminent and publick edifices and monuments. In six books. To which is prefixed, the life of the author, writ by the editor. At the end is added, an appendiz of certain tracts, discourses and remarks, concerning the state of the city of London. Together with a perambulation, or circuit-walk four or five miles round about London, to the parish churches: describing the monuments of the dead there interred: with other antiquities observable in those places. And concluding with a second appendix, as a supply and review: and a large index of the whole work. 2 vols. London : Printed for A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. ESTC T48975.
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The Tower and St. Catherins Taken from the Last Survey with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. H4v and sig. I1r. [See more information about this map.] -
Wheatley, Henry Benjamin.
Introduction.
A Survey of London. 1603. By John Stow. London: J.M. Dent and Sons, 1912. Print.
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Sir William Walworth
Sir William Walworth Sheriff Mayor
Sheriff of London 1370-1371. Mayor 1374-1375 and 1380-1381. Member of the Fishmongers’ Company. Known for killing Wat Tyler. Founder of a college at St. Michael, Crooked Lane. Appears in Richard Johnson’s Nine Worthies of London. Buried at St. Michael, Crooked Lane.Sir William Walworth is mentioned in the following documents:
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William I
William This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 1I King of England the Conqueror
(b. between 1027 and 1028, d. 1087)William I is mentioned in the following documents:
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William II
William King of England Rufus This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 2II
(b. 1060, d. 1100)King of England 1087-1100.William II is mentioned in the following documents:
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Richard of York is mentioned in the following documents:
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Acliuillus
Constable of the Tower of London.Acliuillus is mentioned in the following documents:
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Anne of Bohemia
Anne Queen consort of England
(b. 1366, d. 1394)Queen consort of England 1382-1394. Wife of Richard II. Daughter of Charles IV of Bohemia. Sister of Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia. Buried at Westminster Abbey.Anne of Bohemia is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir Nicholas Brembre
Sir Nicholas Brembre Sheriff Mayor
(d. 1388)Sheriff of London 1372-1373. Mayor 1376-1378 and 1383-1386. Member of the Grocers’ Company. Knighted by Richard II for his help in suppressing the Peasant’s Revolt in 1381. Buried at Christ Church.Sir Nicholas Brembre is mentioned in the following documents:
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Julius Caesar is mentioned in the following documents:
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Eustace de Fauconberg is mentioned in the following documents:
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Humphrey Heyford
Humphrey Heyford Sheriff Mayor
(fl. between 1467 and 1478)Sheriff of London 1467-1468. Mayor 1477-1478. Member of the Goldsmiths’ Company. Monument at St. Edmund, Lombard Street.Humphrey Heyford is mentioned in the following documents:
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Jack Straw
Leader of the Peasants’ Revolt of 1381.Jack Straw is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir Robert Launde
Sir Robert Launde Sheriff
Sheriff of London 1376-1377. Member of the Goldsmiths’ Company. Helped restore order in London following the Peasants’ Revolt in 1381. Knighted by Richard II as a result.Sir Robert Launde is mentioned in the following documents:
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Hugh fitz-Otho
Constable of the Tower of London. Possibly the same person as Hugh fitz-Otho.Hugh fitz-Otho is mentioned in the following documents:
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Othowerus
Constable of the Tower of London.Othowerus is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir John Philipot
Sir John Philipot Sheriff Mayor
(d. 1384)Sheriff of London 1372-1373. Mayor 1378-1379. Possible member of the Grocers’ Company or Fishmongers’ Company. Husband of Jane Sampford. Knighted by Richard II for his help in suppressing the Peasant’s Revolt in 1381. Owner of Tenements in Castle Baynard Ward. Buried at Christ Church.Sir John Philipot is mentioned in the following documents:
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Elizabeth Purslowe is mentioned in the following documents:
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John Reynwell
John Reynwell Sheriff Mayor
Sheriff of London 1411-1412. Mayor 1426-1427. Member of the Stock Fishmongers’ Company. Son of William Reynwell. Buried at St. Botolph, Billingsgate.John Reynwell is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir John Shaa
Sir John Shaa Sheriff Mayor
(d. 1503)Sheriff of London 1496-1497. Mayor 1501-1502. Member of the Goldsmiths’ Company. Son of Sir Edmund Shaw.Sir John Shaa is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir Ralph Standish
Sir Ralph Standish John
Royal squire. Possibly helped kill Wat Tyler during the Peasants’ Revolt in 1381. Knighted by Richard II as a result.Sir Ralph Standish is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir Nicholas Twyford
Sir Nicholas Twyford Sheriff Mayor
(d. between 1390 and 1391)Sheriff of London 1377-1378. Mayor 1388-1389. Member of the Goldsmiths’ Company. Knighted by Richard II for his help in suppressing the Peasant’s Revolt in 1381. Husband of Dame Margery Twyford. Buried at St. John Zachary.Sir Nicholas Twyford is mentioned in the following documents:
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Wat Tyler is mentioned in the following documents:
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Richard Woodville
(d. 1469)First Earl Rivers. Late medieval gentleman and magnate. Husband of Jaquetta de Luxembourg. Father of Anthony Woodville.Richard Woodville is mentioned in the following documents:
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William Hastings is mentioned in the following documents:
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Matthew Paris is mentioned in the following documents:
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Hubert de Burgh
(b. 1170, d. May 1243)First Earl of Kent. Justiciar for Henry II. Buried at Blackfriars Monastery.Hubert de Burgh is mentioned in the following documents:
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Isabella of France
Isabella
(b. 1295, d. 1358)Wife of Edward II. Deposed and killed the king before governing the country. Financier of Greyfriars. Buried at Christ Church.Isabella of France is mentioned in the following documents:
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John II of France
John This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 2II King of France the Good
(b. 16 April 1319, d. 8 April 1364)King of France 1350-1364.John II of France is mentioned in the following documents:
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William of Malmesbury is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Æthelred
Æthelred Lord of the Mercians
(d. 911)Lord of the Mercians 881-911. Son-in-law of Alfred the Great.Æthelred is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Roger of Wendover is mentioned in the following documents:
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John Cavendish
(b. 1346, d. 1381)Judge. Member of the Fishmongerʼs Company. Beheaded by rebels during the Peasant’s Revolt of 1381.John Cavendish is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Thomas Becket
Saint Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury
(b. 21 December 1120, d. 29 December 1170)Lord Chancellor of England 1155-1162. Archbishop of Canterbury 1162–1170. Venerated as a saint and martyr after being assassinated in 1170.St. Thomas Becket is mentioned in the following documents:
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Geoffrey de Mandeville
Geoffrey de Mandeville Sheriff
(d. 26 September 1144)First Earl of Essex. Portgrave of London during the reign of Stephen I. Husband of Athelaise de Mandeville. Son of William de Mandeville. Buried at Westminster Abbey.Geoffrey de Mandeville is mentioned in the following documents:
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Richard Lyons
(d. 1381)Sheriff of London 1374-1375. Member of the Vintners’ Company. Possible member of the Goldsmiths’ Company. Beheaded by rebels during the Peasant’s Revolt in Cheap. Monument at St. James Garlickhithe. Buried at St. Martin, Vintry.Richard Lyons is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Edmund of Hadenham is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Gundulf of Rochester
Gundulf Bishop of Rochester
(b. between 1023 and 1024, d. 1108)Norman monk.Bishop of Rochester 1075-1108.Gundulf of Rochester is mentioned in the following documents:
-
William fitz-Osbert is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Giles of Andwarp
Giles
Received 200 markes from Edward I’s treasury for the purpose of rebuilding Tower Ditch.Giles of Andwarp is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Constantine fitz-Aelulfe is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Sir Falkes de Breauté is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Griffith of Wales is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Llywelyn ap Gruffydd is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Mr. Othon is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Roger Lestrange
Beheaded Llywelyn ap Gruffydd in 1282.Roger Lestrange is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Sir Roger Mortimer is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Roger Mortimer de Chirk
Soldier and nobleman. Uncle of Sir Roger Mortimer.Roger Mortimer de Chirk is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Percivall de Porte
Master of the coin under Edward III.Percivall de Porte is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Burgred of Mercia is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Edward the Elder is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Plegmond is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Robert de Beaumont is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Numa Pompilius is mentioned in the following documents:
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William Edington
William Edington Bishop of Winchester Archbishop-elect of Canterbury
Lord High Treasurer 1344-1356. Lord Chancellor of England 1356–1363. Bishop of Winchester 1345–1366. Archbishop-elect of Canterbury 1366.William Edington is mentioned in the following documents:
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Simon Sudbery
Simon Sudbery Tibald Bishop of London Archbishop of Canterbury
Lord Chancellor of England 1380–1381. Bishop of London 1361–1375. Archbishop of Canterbury 1375–1381. Executed on Tower Hill by the rebels of Kent. Son of Nicholas Tibald.Simon Sudbery is mentioned in the following documents:
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William Appleton
Knight. Friar and Confessor of Richard II. Beheaded on Tower Hill by the rebels of Kent. Buried at Christ Church.William Appleton is mentioned in the following documents:
-
John Legge
King’s Sergeant for Richard II. Beheaded on Tower Hill by the rebels of Kent.John Legge is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Sir John Oldcastle
Sir John Oldecastle
(d. 1417)Baron Cobham. After being convicted of heresy and imprisoned for his Lollard support, Oldcastle escaped from the Tower of London and led a Lollard rebellion. After spending three years as an outlaw, he was captured, charged with treason, and executed. As the basis of Shakespeare’s popular Falstaff character, Sir John Oldcastle and his legacy are of particular interest to Shakespeare scholars.Sir John Oldcastle is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Mr. Whitlooke is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Mr. Randulph is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Catherine Howard is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Sir John Langley
Sir John Langely Sheriff Mayor
Sheriff of London 1566-1567. Mayor 1576-1577. Member of the Goldsmiths’ Company. Buried at Chapel of St. Mary Magdalen, Guildhall.Sir John Langley is mentioned in the following documents:
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Thomas Neville
Thomas Neville the Bastard Bastard of Fauconberg
(b. 1429, d. 22 September 1471)Naval commander. Rebel. Received freedom from the City of London in 1454 to eliminate pirates from the Channel and North Sea. Not to be confused with Thomas Neville or Thomas Neville.Thomas Neville is mentioned in the following documents:
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Gervase of Tilbury is mentioned in the following documents:
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Lord Robert Fitzwalter
(b. 1247, d. 18 January 1326)First Lord Fitzwalter. Husband of Lady Eleanor Fitzwalter. Son of Sir Walter Fitzwalter. Father of Walter Fitzwalter and Sir Robert Fitzwalter. See related ODNB entry for the Fitzwalter family.Lord Robert Fitzwalter is mentioned in the following documents:
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Geoffrey Baynard is mentioned in the following documents:
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Robert fitz Richard
(d. 1134)Inherited Baynard’s Castle from Henry I. Husband of Maude de Senlis. Son of Richard de Clare. Father of Walter fitz Robert. See related ODNB entry for Robert Fitzwalter.Robert fitz Richard is mentioned in the following documents:
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Gilbert de Clare
Count of Brionne and Eu. Father of Richard de Clare.Gilbert de Clare is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Maud de Senlis is mentioned in the following documents:
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Walter fitz Robert
Husband of Matilda de Bocham and Matilda fitz Robert. Son of Robert fitz Richard. Father of Robert Fitzwalter. See related ODNB entry for Robert Fitzwalter.Walter fitz Robert is mentioned in the following documents:
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Matilde fitz Robert (née de Lucy)
Matilda fitz Robert
Wife of Walter fitz Robert. Daughter of Richard de Lucy. Mother of Robert Fitzwalter. See related ODNB entry for Robert Fitzwalter.Matilde fitz Robert (née de Lucy) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Matilda de Mandeville (née Fitzwalter)
Matilda de Mandeville the Faire
Wife of Geoffrey de Mandeville. Daughter of Robert Fitzwalter. See related ODNB entry for Robert Fitzwalter and Wikipedia entry for Geoffrey de Mandeville.Matilda de Mandeville (née Fitzwalter) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Walter Fitzwalter
(d. in or before 1326)Son of Lord Robert Fitzwalter and his first wife (not mentioned in Stow). Brother of Sir Robert Fitzwalter. See related ODNB entry for the Fitzwalter family.Walter Fitzwalter is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Sir Walter Fitzwalter
Sir Walter Fitzwalter fitz Robert
(d. 1258)Son of Robert Fitzwalter. Father of Lord Robert Fitzwalter. See related ODNB entry for the Fitzwalter family.Sir Walter Fitzwalter is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir Robert Fitzwalter
(b. 1297, d. 1328)Son and heir of Lord Robert Fitzwalter and Lady Eleanor Fitzwalter. Father of Lord John Fitzwalter. Brother of Walter Fitzwalter. See related ODNB entry for the Fitzwalter family.Sir Robert Fitzwalter is mentioned in the following documents:
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Lord John Fitzwalter
Second Lord Fitzwalter. Son of Sir Robert Fitzwalter. See related ODNB entry for the Fitzwalter family.Lord John Fitzwalter is mentioned in the following documents:
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Lady Eleanor Fitzwalter (née de Ferrers)
Lady Eleanor Fitzwalter
Lady Eleanor Fitzwalter (née de Ferrers) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir John le Blund is mentioned in the following documents:
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Richard of Shrewsbury
Richard
Duke of York. Son of Edward IV. Brother of Edward V. Mysteriously disappeared shortly after Richard III seized the throne in 1483.Richard of Shrewsbury is mentioned in the following documents:
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William Mountfiquit
Baron of Mountfitchet. First builder of Montfichet’s Tower.William Mountfiquit is mentioned in the following documents:
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Richard Montfiquit
Resident of Montfichet’s Tower. Exiled by John I.Richard Montfiquit is mentioned in the following documents:
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Robert Kilwardby
Robert Kilwardby Archbishop of Canterbury
Archbishop of Canterbury 1273–1278. Began the foundations for the Blackfriars Monastery.Robert Kilwardby is mentioned in the following documents:
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Gilbert de Clare
(b. 1243, d. 1295)Sixth Earl of Hertford, Seventh Earl of Gloucester, Ninth Lord of Glamorgan, and Ninth Lord of ClareNoble.Gilbert de Clare is mentioned in the following documents:
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Jean Froissart is mentioned in the following documents:
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Jesus Christ is mentioned in the following documents:
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Henry of Bath is mentioned in the following documents:
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Jeremy of Caxton is mentioned in the following documents:
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Robert Ufford is mentioned in the following documents:
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Walter Fitzwalter
(b. 1345, d. 1386)Third Baron Fitzwalter. Persuaded citizens of London to free John Prendergast. Husband of Philippa de Mohun. Son of Lord John Fitzwalter. See related ODNB entry for the Fitzwalter family.Walter Fitzwalter is mentioned in the following documents:
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Thomas Walsingham
(b. 1340, d. 1422)Chronicler and Benedictine monk. Known for his works on the reigns of Richard II, Henry IV, and Henry V.Thomas Walsingham is mentioned in the following documents:
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Louis VIII
Louis This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 8VIII King of France
(b. 1187, d. 1226)King of France 1223-1226.Louis VIII is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Paul the Apostle is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir Ralph Hengham
(b. 1235, d. 1311)Justice. Prisoner of the Tower of London in 1290. Redeemed from imprisonment by offering seven thousand marks.Sir Ralph Hengham is mentioned in the following documents:
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William Herbert
(b. 1501, d. 1570)First Earl of Pembroke. Husband of Anne Herbert. Not to be confused with William Herbert. Buried at St. Paul’s Cathedral.William Herbert is mentioned in the following documents:
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Gregory de Rokesley
Gregory de Rokesley Sheriff Mayor
(fl. 1274-84d. 1291)Sheriff of London 1263-1264 and 1270-1271. Mayor 1274-1281 and 1284-1285. Possible member of the Goldsmiths’ Company. Lord Chief Justice of the Court of the King’s Bench. Financier of Greyfriars. Buried at Christ Church.Gregory de Rokesley is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir Robert Hales
(b. 1325, d. 1381)Treasurer of England. Administrator and prior of St. John’s of Jerusalem. Beheaded by rebels on Tower Hill during the 1381 Peasant’s Revolt.Sir Robert Hales is mentioned in the following documents:
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Philippe de Commines is mentioned in the following documents:
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Geoffrey de Mandeville
(b. 1191, d. 23 February 1216)Second Earl of Essex and Fourth Earl of Gloucester. Husband of Matilda de Mandeville. Not to be confused with Geoffrey de Mandeville.Geoffrey de Mandeville is mentioned in the following documents:
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William de Ros
Duke of Hamelake. Recipient of a tower by Baynard’s Castle, given by Edward III in the second year of his reign.William de Ros is mentioned in the following documents:
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William of York is mentioned in the following documents:
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William Dunthorne
Town Clerk of London. Buried at St. Alban, Wood Street.William Dunthorne is mentioned in the following documents:
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Robert Fitzwalter
(d. 9 December 1235)One of the leaders of the opposition to John I during the First Baron’s War. An owner of Baynard’s Castle. Son of Walter fitz Robert and Matilda fitz Robert. Father of Sir Walter Fitzwalter and Matilda de Mandeville.Robert Fitzwalter is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir John de Gisors is mentioned in the following documents:
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Mr. Edmere
Edmere
Mr. Edmere is mentioned in the following documents:
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Anthony Woodville
(b. 1440, d. 1483)Second Earl Rivers. Son of Richard Woodville and Jaquetta de Luxembourg.Anthony Woodville is mentioned in the following documents:
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Richard de Clare
Richard de Clare fitz Gilbert
(b. in or after 1030, d. in or before 1090)Founder of the baronial family of Clare. Son of Gilbert de Clare. Father of Robert fitz Richard.Richard de Clare is mentioned in the following documents:
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Richard de Lucy is mentioned in the following documents:
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Robert de Ferrers
Earl of Derby. Father of Lady Eleanor Fitzwalter. See related ODNB entry for the Fitzwalter family for relationship to Lady Eleanor Fitzwalter.Robert de Ferrers is mentioned in the following documents:
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Matilde de Bocham
Wife of Walter fitz Robert.Matilde de Bocham is mentioned in the following documents:
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Henry of Huntingdon is mentioned in the following documents:
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Frederick II
Frederick This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 2II Holy Roman Emperor King of Sicily King of Germany King of Jerusalem
(b. 26 December 1194, d. 13 December 1250)Holy Roman Emperor 1220-1250. King of Sicily 1197-1250. King of Germany 1212-1250. King of Jerusalem 1229-1243.Frederick II is mentioned in the following documents:
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Robert Bowre
Keeper of exotic animals in the Tower of London. Son of John Bowre.Robert Bowre is mentioned in the following documents:
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John Bowre
Father of Robert Bowre.John Bowre is mentioned in the following documents:
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William of Cornhill
William of Cornhill Bishop of Coventry
(d. 1223)Bishop of Coventry 1214–1223. Archdeacon of Huntingdon.William of Cornhill is mentioned in the following documents:
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Robert Passelewe is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir Thomas Weyland
(b. 1230, d. 1298)Justice. Sent to the Tower of London as prisoner in 1290 and later exiled to France.Sir Thomas Weyland is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Adam Murimuth is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Sir John Lovelet
Justice of the lower bench. Prisoner of the Tower of London in 1290. Redeemed from imprisonment by offering three thousand marks.Sir John Lovelet is mentioned in the following documents:
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Adam de Stratton
Administrator and moneylender. Paid a large sum to purchase liberty from the Tower of London including a king’s crown said to belong to John I.Adam de Stratton is mentioned in the following documents:
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Henry Knighton is mentioned in the following documents:
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Nicholas Tibald
Gentleman. Father of Simon Sudbury.Nicholas Tibald is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir John Minsterworth is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir William Bromtone
Justice. Prisoner of the Tower of London in 1290. Redeemed from imprisonment by offering six thousand marks.Sir William Bromtone is mentioned in the following documents:
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Robert Littlebury
Prisoner of the Tower of London in 1290. Redeemed from imprisonment by offering one thousand marks.Robert Littlebury is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Roger Leicester
Robert Leicester
Prisoner of the Tower of London in 1290. Redeemed from imprisonment by offering one thousand marks.Roger Leicester is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir John Newton is mentioned in the following documents:
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John Tickle
Doublet maker. Crafted doublets for the rebels during the Peasant’s Revolt in 1381.John Tickle is mentioned in the following documents:
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Perducas Dalbert is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir Adam Frances is mentioned in the following documents:
-
John Kirkby is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Allen Thredder is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Thomas Scot is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Ralph Rugge is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Robert Westbrome is mentioned in the following documents:
-
John Wrawe is mentioned in the following documents:
-
John Litester
(d. 1381)Member of the Dyers’ Company. Leader of the rebels in Norwich during the 1381 Peasant’s Revolt.John Litester is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir Richard Lee is mentioned in the following documents:
-
John de Vere is mentioned in the following documents:
-
William Foxley is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Mr. Hawkins
Hawkins
Prisoner of the Tower of London. Accused Sir Thomas Cooke of withholding money from Margaret of Anjou.Mr. Hawkins is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Sir John Fogge is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Sir John Markham is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Francis Talbot
(b. 1500, d. 1560)Fifth earl of Shrewsbury. Husband of Anne Talbot. Father of George Talbot.Francis Talbot is mentioned in the following documents:
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Walter de Crisping
Justice.Walter de Crisping is mentioned in the following documents:
-
Mr. Lion is mentioned in the following documents:
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Osbart Hervey
MoEML has not yet added biographical content for this person. The editors welcome research leads from qualified individuals. Please contact us for further information.Osbart Hervey is mentioned in the following documents:
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John de Guestling
MoEML has not yet added biographical content for this person. The editors welcome research leads from qualified individuals. Please contact us for further information.John de Guestling is mentioned in the following documents:
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Edward of Westminster
MoEML has not yet added biographical content for this person. The editors welcome research leads from qualified individuals. Please contact us for further information.Edward of Westminster is mentioned in the following documents:
Locations
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London is mentioned in the following documents:
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Tower of London is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Thames
Perhaps more than any other geophysical feature, the Thames river has directly affected London’s growth and rise to prominence; historically, the city’s economic, political, and military importance was dependent on its riverine location. As a tidal river, connected to the North Sea, the Thames allowed for transportation to and from the outside world; and, as the longest river in England, bordering on nine counties, it linked London to the country’s interior. Indeed, without the Thames, London would not exist as one of Europe’s most influential cities. The Thames, however, is notable for its dichotomous nature: it is both a natural phenomenon and a cultural construct; it lives in geological time but has been the measure of human history; and the city was built around the river, but the river has been reshaped by the city and its inhabitants.The Thames is mentioned in the following documents:
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White Tower is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Wall
Originally built as a Roman fortification for the provincial city of Londinium in the second century C.E., the London Wall remained a material and spatial boundary for the city throughout the early modern period. Described by Stow ashigh and great
(Stow 1:8), the London Wall dominated the cityscape and spatial imaginations of Londoners for centuries. Increasingly, the eighteen-foot high wall created a pressurized constraint on the growing city; the various gates functioned as relief valves where development spilled out to occupy spacesoutside the wall.
The Wall is mentioned in the following documents:
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Westminster Hall
Westminster Hall isthe only surviving part of the original Palace of Westminster
(Weinreb and Hibbert 1011) and is located on the west side of the Thames. It is located on the bottom left-hand corner of the Agas map, and is labelled asWeſtmynſter hall.
Originally built as an extension to Edward the Confessor’s palace in 1097, the hall served as the setting for banquets through the reigns of many kings.Westminster Hall is mentioned in the following documents:
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Holy Trinity Priory
Holy Trinity Priory, located west of Aldgate and north of Leadenhall Street, was an Augustinian Priory. Stow notes that Queen Matilda established the Priory in 1108in the parishes of Saint Marie Magdalen, S. Michael, S. Katherine, and the blessed Trinitie, which now was made but one Parish of the holy Trinitie
(Stow). Before Matilda united these parishes under the name Holy Trinity Priory, they were collectively known as the Holy Cross or Holy Roode parish (Stow; Harben).Holy Trinity Priory is mentioned in the following documents:
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East Smithfield
East Smithfield is a district located east of the City of London and northeast of the Tower of London. Its name derives fromsmoothfield ,
with the prefixeast
helping to differentiate it from the Smithfield northwest of Cripplegate (Harben). As time progressed, it transformed from what Stow describes as aplot of ground
with very few houses into a densely populated area by the mid-seventeenth century (Stow; Harben).East Smithfield is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Alban (Wood Street) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Tower Ditch
The Tower Ditch, or Tower Moat, was part of the Tower of London’s medieval defences. It was built by the Bishop of Ely William de Longchamp while Richard I was crusading in the Holy Land (1187-1192) (Harben). The ditch was used as a dumping ground for plague victim corpses, human waste from the Tower, and meat carcasses from East Smithfield market.Tower Ditch is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Katherine’s Hospital
St. Katherine’s Hospital was a religious hospital founded in 1148. According to Stow, the hospital was founded by Queen Matilda. The hospital, the grounds of which contained a church, gardens, orchards, and residences, was at the southern end of St. Katherine’s Lane and north of the St. Katherine Steps, all of which is east of the Tower of London. Stow praised the choir of the hospital, noting how itwas not much inferior to that of [St.] Paules [Cathedral]
(Stow).St. Katherine’s Hospital is mentioned in the following documents:
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Iron Gate
Iron Gate was an entry gate into the Tower of London on its eastern side near the Thames. According to Stow, the gate wasgreat and strong
but not often opened (Stow 1633, sig. E4r). It was built in the late fourteenth century on a plot of land that once contained mills belonging to St. Katherine’s Hospital (Carlin and Belcher Tower of London; Stow 1598, sig. D4r). The gate is labelledIron Gate
on the 1520 map (A Map of Tudor London, 1520).Iron Gate is mentioned in the following documents:
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Tower Hill
Tower Hill was a large area of open ground north and west of the Tower of London. It is most famous as a place of execution; there was a permanent scaffold and gallows on the hillfor the execution of such Traytors or Transgressors, as are deliuered out of the Tower, or otherwise to the Shiriffes of London
(Stow).Tower Hill is mentioned in the following documents:
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Posterngate is mentioned in the following documents:
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West Gate of the Tower
The West Gate of the Tower was located on the western side of the Tower of London at or near the joining of Tower Street and two unnamed roadways: one leading to Lion Tower and the other to Tower Wharf (A Map of Tudor London, 1520). In 1321 inquest, the gate was described as being in the Parish of All Hallows (Barking) in Tower Street Ward, potentially making it a part of London and the jurisdictionally independent Tower of London (Harben, Tower of London).West Gate of the Tower is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bulwark Gate
Bulwark Gate was one of the outer defences of the Tower of London, located near Tower Hill (Harben Tower of London, Bulwark Gate). While Stow describes a number ofbulwarks
around the Tower, it is likely that his description ofthe Bulwarke,
a piece of Tower Hill west from Lion Tower that was fortified by Edward IV, is referring to Bulwark Gate (Stow 1633, sig. E3v).Bulwark Gate is mentioned in the following documents:
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Lion Tower
Lion Tower, also called the Barbican and the Bulwark, was a defensive structure located near the southwest corner of the Tower of London (Carlin and Belcher; Historical Towns Trust). The tower was built in the reign of Edward I (Carlin and Belcher). It was known asLion Tower
because lions and leopards were housed there, along with their keepers, in the reign of Henry III and of Edward III (Stow 1633, sig. E3v). It is labelledLion Tower (Barbican)
on the 1520 map (A Map of Tudor London, 1520).Lion Tower is mentioned in the following documents:
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Tower Street Ward is mentioned in the following documents:
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PLACEHOLDER LOCATION
PLACEHOLDER LOCATION ITEM. The purpose of this item is to allow encoders to link to a location item when they cannot add a new location file for some reason. MoEML may still be seeking information regarding this entry. If you have information to contribute, please contact the MoEML team.PLACEHOLDER LOCATION is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Elms (Smithfield)
Located between Horsepool and the Fleet River, the Elms, as Stow notes, was a place of execution named after the once flourishing number of elm trees on site. Stow refers to the area asLe elmes
orle two elmys.
By Stow’s lifetime the expansion of London meant the namesake trees had been cut down.The Elms (Smithfield) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Westminster Abbey
Westminster Abbey was and continues to be a historically significant church. One of its many notable features isPoets’ Corner.
Located in the south transept of the church, it is the final resting place of Geoffrey Chaucer, Ben Jonson, Francis Beaumont, and many other notable authors; in 1740, a monument for William Shakespeare was erected in Westminster Abbey (ShaLT). The church is located on the bottom-left corner of the Agas map.Westminster Abbey is mentioned in the following documents:
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Newgate
The gaol at Newgate, a western gate in the Roman Wall of London, was constructed in the twelfth century specifically to detainfellons and trespassors
awaiting trial by royal judges (Durston 470; O’Donnell 25; Stow 1598, sig. C8r). The gradual centralisation of the English criminal justice system meant that by the reign of Elizabeth I, Newgate had become London’s most populated gaol. In the early modern period, incarceration was rarely conceived of as a punishment in itself; rather, gaols like Newgate were more like holding cells, where inmates spent time until their trials or punishments were effected, or their debts were paid off.Newgate is mentioned in the following documents:
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London Bridge
As the only bridge in London crossing the Thames until 1729, London Bridge was a focal point of the city. After its conversion from wood to stone, completed in 1209, the bridge housed a variety of structures, including a chapel and a growing number of shops. The bridge was famous for the cityʼs grisly practice of displaying traitorsʼ heads on poles above its gatehouses. Despite burning down multiple times, London Bridge was one of the few structures not entirely destroyed by the Great Fire of London in 1666.London Bridge is mentioned in the following documents:
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Greyfriars
Enduring for over three centuries, longer than any other London friary, Greyfriars garnered support from both England’s landed elite and common Londoners. Founded in 1225 on a tenament donated by London Mercer John Iwyn, Greyfriars housed London’s Franciscan Friars (known in England as the Grey Friars). The friary expanded from its original pittance of land on the west side of Stinking Lane to over four-and-a-half acres by 1354. With the patronage of Queens Margaret, Isabella, and Philippa throughout the fourteenth century, the Franciscans constructed a formidable church, London’s third largest after St. Paul’s and Westminster Abbey. After the friary’s closure in 1538 pursuant to the Dissolution of the Monasteries, the church became the centre of the newly established Christ Church parish, and the cloisters housed Christ’s Hospital (Holder 66–96).Greyfriars is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bucklersbury is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sernes Tower
Sernes Tower was located in Cheap Ward on the north side of Bucklersbery (Harben). The tower changed hands several times. It was built in 1305 by William Servat to serve as his residence (Harben). Sometime between 1317 and 1318, the tower wasgranted for life
to Isabella of France and was most likely owned by Philippa of Hainault by 1338 (Carlin and Belcher). In 1344, Edward III made the tower into theKing’s Exchange
for gold and silver and, finally, gave it as a gift to St. Stephen’s, Westminster Palace in the thirty second year of his reign (Carlin and Belcher; Harben; Stow 1633, sig. F6v). The tower was destroyed during Stow’s lifetime (Carlin and Belcher Servat’s Tower).Sernes Tower is mentioned in the following documents:
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Gutter Lane
Gutter Lane ran north-south from Cheapside to Maiden Lane (Wood Street). It is to the west of Wood Street and to the east of Foster Lane, lying within the north-eastern most area of Farringdon Ward Within and serving as a boundary to Aldersgate ward. It is labelled asGoutter Lane
on the Agas map.Gutter Lane is mentioned in the following documents:
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King’s Exchange is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Paul’s Cathedral
St. Paul’s Cathedral was—and remains—an important church in London. In 962, while London was occupied by the Danes, St. Paul’s monastery was burnt and raised anew. The church survived the Norman conquest of 1066, but in 1087 it was burnt again. An ambitious Bishop named Maurice took the opportunity to build a new St. Paul’s, even petitioning the king to offer a piece of land belonging to one of his castles (Times 115). The building Maurice initiated would become the cathedral of St. Paul’s which survived until the Great Fire of London.St. Paul’s Cathedral is mentioned in the following documents:
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Stepney is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. John’s of Jerusalem
St. John’s of Jerusalem provided housing and care for pilgrims and crusading knights. It was held by the Knights Hospitallers and dissolved in the reign of Henry VIII (Stow 1598, sig. 2D7r).St. John’s of Jerusalem is mentioned in the following documents:
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Southwark is mentioned in the following documents:
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Lambeth Palace
Lambeth Palace, also known as Lambeth House and the Palace of the Archbishop, was and continues to be the London residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury (Stow 1633, sig. F1r; Encyclopedia Britannica). It is located on the south bank of the River of Thames by Lambeth Marsh, slightly south of being directly across the Thames from Westminster Abbey. St. Mary (Lambeth) is a part of the palace’s environs. The palace was first built in about 1200 with later additions coming in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries (Encyclopedia Britannica). Lambeth Palace was spoiled by rebels during the 1381 Peasants’ Revolt (Stow 1633, F1r). It is labelledThe lambeht
on the Agas map andLambeth Palace
on Google’s modern map (Google Earth).Lambeth Palace is mentioned in the following documents:
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Lambeth
Lambeth was a neighbourhood located on the southern bank of the Thames, directly opposite to Westminster (Lysons). Jeremy Boulton notes that Lambeth lay outside the Corporation of London’s jurisdiction and was instead controlled by Surrey authorities (Boulton 9). Lambeth is depicted on the Agas map, though it is partially covered by a descriptive cartouche. While the Agas map labels the area near Lambeth’s coordinates asThe lambeht,
this label appears to refer to Lambeth Palace rather than the neighbourhood as a whole. For a more detailed look at Lambeth, see Richard Blome’s 1720 map (Blome).Lambeth is mentioned in the following documents:
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Savoy Manor
Located along the Strand in Westminster, Savoy Manor was initially the residence of Peter II of Savoy. The manor was destroyed in the 1381 Peasants’ Revolt, and the site was converted into Savoy Hospital in 1505 by Henry VII.Savoy Manor is mentioned in the following documents:
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Inner Temple
Inner Temple was one of the four Inns of CourtInner Temple is mentioned in the following documents:
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Smithfield
Smithfield was an open, grassy area located outside the Wall. Because of its location close to the city centre, Smithfield was used as a site for markets, tournaments, and public executions. From 1123 to 1855, the Bartholomew’s Fair took place at Smithfield (Weinreb, Hibbert, Keay, and Keay 842).Smithfield is mentioned in the following documents:
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Highbury is mentioned in the following documents:
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Mile End is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Sepulchre is mentioned in the following documents:
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Cheap Ward
Cheap Ward is west of Bassinghall Ward and Coleman Street Ward. Both the ward and its main street, Cheapside, are named after West Cheap (the market).Cheap Ward is mentioned in the following documents:
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Austin Friars
Austin Friars was a church on the west side of Broad Street in Broad Street Ward. It was formerly part of the Priory of Augustine Friars, established in 1253. At the dissolution of the monastery in 1539,the West end [of the church] thereof inclosed from the steeple, and Quier, was in the yeare 1550. graunted to the Dutch Nation in London [by Edward VI], to be their preaching place
(Stow). TheQuier and side Isles to the Quier adioyning, he reserued to housholde vses, as for stowage of corne, coale, and other things
(Stow). The church, completely rebuilt in the nineteenth century and then again mid-way through the twentieth century, still belongs to Dutch Protestants to this day.Austin Friars is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Vintry is mentioned in the following documents:
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King’s Wardrobe
The King’s Wardrobe, built in the fourteenth century between St. Andrew’s Hill and Addle Hill near Blackfriars Precinct, was originally a repository for royal clothing, but later housed offices of the royal household and became a key seat of government (Sugden 557). Stow explains its significance:In this houſe of late yeares, is lodged Sir Iohn Forteſcue, knight, Maiſter of the Wardrobe, Chancellor and vnder Treaſu
rer of the Exchequer, and one of her Maieſties Priuy Councel. The ſecret letters & writings touching the eſtate of the realme, were wont to be introlled in the kings Wardrobe, and not in the Chauncery, as appeareth by the Records. (Stow 1598, sig. U6r)King’s Wardrobe is mentioned in the following documents:
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Chapel of Our Lady of the Pew is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Bartholomew’s Hospital
According to Stow, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital was located on the west side of Smithfield in Farringdon Without Ward. Originally a religious hospital, it was founded by its first prior, Rahere, in 1102 (Stow 1598, sig. X1r). It was dissolved under Henry VIII and reendowed and granted to the City of London in 1544 as a part of the civic hospital system.St. Bartholomew’s Hospital is mentioned in the following documents:
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Tower Royal is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Peter Ad Vincula is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. John’s Chapel in the Tower
St. John’s Chapel in the Tower was located in the White Tower. The chapel served as a place of worship forthe Constable and officers of the Tower
and was also used on State occasions (Harben). In 1512, the chapel was damaged in a fire (Stow 1633, sig. F4r).St. John’s Chapel in the Tower is mentioned in the following documents:
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Drawbridge Tower
Drawbridge Tower was located on London Bridge, at the northernmost end of the drawbridge (Harben, London Bridge; Stow 1633, sig. F4v). Traitors’ heads were displayed on the tower until it was rebuilt in 1577 (Stow 1633, sig. F4v).Drawbridge Tower is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bridge Gate is mentioned in the following documents:
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Baynard’s Castle
Located on the banks of the Thames, Baynard’s Castle was built sometime in the late eleventh centuryby Baynard, a Norman who came over with William the Conqueror
(Weinreb and Hibbert 129). The castle passed to Baynard’s heirs until one William Baynard,who by forfeyture for fellonie, lost his Baronie of little Dunmow
(Stow 1:61). From the time it was built, Baynard’s Castle wasthe headquarters of London’s army until the reign of Edward I
when it washanded over to the Dominican Friars, the Blackfriars whose name is still commemorated along that part of the waterfront
(Hibbert 10).Baynard’s Castle is mentioned in the following documents:
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Aldgate
Aldgate was the easternmost gate into the walled city. The nameAldgate
is thought to come from one of four sources: Æst geat meaningEastern gate
(Ekwall 36), Alegate from the Old English ealu meaningale,
Aelgate from the Saxon meaningpublic gate
oropen to all,
or Aeldgate meaningold gate
(Bebbington 20–21).Aldgate is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Paul’s Head Tavern is mentioned in the following documents:
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Fleet Bridge is mentioned in the following documents:
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Blackfriars Monastery is mentioned in the following documents:
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Ludgate
Located in Farringdon Within Ward, Ludgate was a gate built by the Romans (Carlin and Belcher 80). Stow asserts that Ludgate was constructed by King Lud who named the gate after himselffor his owne honor
(Stow 1:1).Ludgate is mentioned in the following documents:
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Parish of St. Andrew by the Wardrobe is mentioned in the following documents:
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Guildhall is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. John’s Fields
St. John’s Fields were located near St. John’s of Jerusalem and were likely owned by the priory (Wikipedia). Stow describes the fields as the site where Edward IV was elected king in 1460 (Stow 1633, sig. F6r).St. John’s Fields is mentioned in the following documents:
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Westminster Palace is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Compter (Bread Street)
Stow mentions two compters existing in his time: The Compter (Poultry) and The Compter (Bread Street). With relevance to the mobility of the place, Harben records that theWood Street Counter had been removed there from Bread Street in 1555
(Harben 166). Tracing its history back ever further, Carlin and Belcher note that the prison was initially located in the Broken Seld around 1412 (Carlin and Belcher 70).The Compter (Bread Street) is mentioned in the following documents:
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King’s Bench is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bishop’s Palace
Bishop’s Palace was located on the north-west side of St. Paul’s Church. It was bordered on the north by Paternoster Row and on the west by Ave Maria Lane. Agas coordinates are based on coordinates provided by Harben and supplemented by Stow.Bishop’s Palace is mentioned in the following documents:
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Cheapside Cross (Eleanor Cross)
Cheapside Cross (Eleanor Cross), pictured but not labelled on the Agas map, stood on Cheapside Street between Friday Street and Wood Street. St. Peter, Westcheap lay to its west, on the north side of Cheapside Street. The prestigious shops of Goldsmiths’ Row were located to the east of the Cross, on the south side of Cheapside Street. The Standard in Cheapside (also known as the Cheap Standard), a square pillar/conduit that was also a ceremonial site, lay further to the east (Brissenden xi).Cheapside Cross (Eleanor Cross) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Legate’s Inn is mentioned in the following documents:
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Montfichet’s Tower is mentioned in the following documents:
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Holborn
Holborn ran east-west from the junction of Hosier Lane, Cock Lane and Snow Hill to St. Giles High Street, and passed through Farringdon Without Ward and Westminster.Holborn is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Bride is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bridewell
Bridewell was a prison and hospital. The site was originally a royal palace (Bridewell Palace) but was transferred to the City of London in 1553, when it was converted to function as an orphanage and house of correction. Bridewell is located on the Agas map at the corner of the Thames and Fleet Ditch, labelled asBride Well.
Bridewell is mentioned in the following documents:
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Fleet Street
Fleet Street runs east-west from Temple Bar to Fleet Hill or Ludgate Hill, and is named for the Fleet River. The road has existed since at least the twelfth century (Sugden 195) and known since the fourteenth century as Fleet Street (Beresford 26). It was the location of numerous taverns including the Mitre and the Star and the Ram.Fleet Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bridewell Palace
Bridewell Palace was a royal palace acquired by the crown in 1510. In 1553, the site was granted to the City of London and converted into Bridewell, a hospital and prison.Bridewell Palace is mentioned in the following documents:
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Redcross Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Barbican Tower
Barbican Tower was a watchtower or barbican to the northeast of the London Wall. According to Stow, Henry III ordered the tower’s demolition in 1267 in response to the Second Barons’ War (Stow 1598, sig. E2v), though Harben suggests that the tower was later rebuilt (Harben). The site was granted to Robert Efforde in 1336 and became Barbican Manor (Stow 1598, sig. E2v).Barbican Tower is mentioned in the following documents:
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City Ditch
The city ditch was part of London’s medieval defence system that ran along the outside of the wall from the Tower to Fleet River. According to Stow, the ditch was referred to as Houndsditch becausemuch filth (conveyed forth of the Citie) especially dead dogs, were there laid or cast
(Stow 1633, sig. M1v). The ditch was filled in and covered with garden plots by the time of Stow’s 1598 Survey.City Ditch is mentioned in the following documents:
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Houndsditch Street
Running southeast from Bishopsgate Street to Aldgate Street outside the city wall, Houndsditch Street passed through Bishopsgate Ward and Portsoken Ward. It was first paved in 1603 (Harben 311). Houndsditch Street took its name from nearby Houndsditch. Stow refers to the neighbourhood surrounding Houndsditch Street asHoundsditch
:(within the limits of Hounds-ditch) dwell many a good and honest Citizen
(Stow 1633, sig. M1v).Houndsditch Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Parish of St. Giles (Cripplegate) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Parish of St. Michael Paternoster Royal is mentioned in the following documents:
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PLACE OUTSIDE OF LONDON
PLACE OUTSIDE OF LONDON. While this location exists within the boundaries of modern-day Greater London, it lies outside of the early-modern City of London and is beyond MoEML’s current scope.PLACE OUTSIDE OF LONDON is mentioned in the following documents:
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Vintry Ward
Vintry Ward is west of Dowgate Ward. The ward is named after the Vintners’ Company and the Vintry,a part of the banks of the Riuer of Thames
within Vintry Ward used by the merchants of Bordeaux for the transporting and selling of their wines (Stow 1603).Vintry Ward is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Stephen’s (Westminster Palace) is mentioned in the following documents:
Organizations
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Court of Husting
According to John Stow, the Court of Husting was located in the Guildhall (Stow 1633, sig. F6r). The word,husting,
comes from the Icelandic,hus-ping,
meaning a court or council held in a house, a description meant to contrast courts that wereheld in the open air
(Harben). At one time, the Court of Husting wasthe sole court for the settlement of disputes between citizens
of London, evidenced by it being called the Husting of London of the Common Pleas in 1305 (Harben). The court’s specific purview wasthe enrolment of deeds and wills relating to the property of the citizens
(Harben).This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Mayor of London
The Mayor (or Lord Mayor) of London was an office occupied annually by a new mayor. For the purposes of recording the authorship of mayoral proclamations, MoEML distinguishes between the office of the mayor and the person elected to the office for the year.Roles played in the project
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Author
Contributions by this author
This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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The MoEML Team
These are all MoEML team members since 1999 to present. To see the current members and structure of our team, seeTeam.
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Former Student Contributors
We’d also like to acknowledge students who contributed to MoEML’s intranet predecessor at the University of Windsor between 1999 and 2003. When we redeveloped MoEML for the Internet in 2006, we were not able to include all of the student projects that had been written for courses in Shakespeare, Renaissance Drama, and/or Writing Hypertext. Nonetheless, these students contributed materially to the conceptual development of the project.
Roles played in the project
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Author
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Data Manager
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Researcher
Contributions by this author
This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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University of Victoria
The University of Victoria, writ large. Located in Victoria, BC, Canada. Website.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
