Of Orders & Customes.
OF Orders and
Customes in this Citie of old time
Fitz Stephen saith as followeth: Men of all
trades,
in euerie worke, euerie morning are in their
distinct and seuerall places: furthermore, in
London vppon the riuer side, betweene the
wine in shippes, and the wine to bee solde in Tauernes, is a
common cookerie or cookes rowe, there dayly for the season
of the yeare, men might haue meate, rost, sod or fried: fish,
flesh, fowles, fit for rich and poore. If any come sodainely to
the meate be bought, and dressed, while the seruant bringeth
water for his maysters handes, and fetcheth bread, hee shall
haue immediately from the riuers side, all viandes whatsoe
uer he desireth, what multitude soeuer eyther of soldiers or
straungers doe come to the Citie, whatsoeuer houre day or
night according to their pleasures may refresh themselues, &
they which delight in delicatenesse may bee satisfied with as
delicate dishes there, as may be found els where. And this
cookes rowe is very necessarie to the Citie: and (according to
Plato in Gorgias) next to Phisicke, is the office of cookes,
as part of a Citie.
Fitz Stephen saith as followeth: Men of all
trades,
Men of all
trades in di
stinct places.
Wine in ships
and wine in
Tauernes.
Cookes row
in Thame
This text has been supplied. Reason: Smudging dating from the original print process. Evidence: The text has been supplied based on guesswork. ()street.
sellers of all sortes of wares, labourerstrades in di
stinct places.
Wine in ships
and wine in
Tauernes.
Cookes row
in Thame
This text has been supplied. Reason: Smudging dating from the original print process. Evidence: The text has been supplied based on guesswork. ()street.
in euerie worke, euerie morning are in their
distinct and seuerall places: furthermore, in
London vppon the riuer side, betweene the
wine in shippes, and the wine to bee solde in Tauernes, is a
common cookerie or cookes rowe, there dayly for the season
of the yeare, men might haue meate, rost, sod or fried: fish,
flesh, fowles, fit for rich and poore. If any come sodainely to
any
Of Orders and Customes.
61
any Cittizen from a farre, wearie and not willing
to tarry tillthe meate be bought, and dressed, while the seruant bringeth
water for his maysters handes, and fetcheth bread, hee shall
haue immediately from the riuers side, all viandes whatsoe
uer he desireth, what multitude soeuer eyther of soldiers or
straungers doe come to the Citie, whatsoeuer houre day or
night according to their pleasures may refresh themselues, &
they which delight in delicatenesse may bee satisfied with as
delicate dishes there, as may be found els where. And this
cookes rowe is very necessarie to the Citie: and (according to
Plato in Gorgias) next to Phisicke, is the office of cookes,
as part of a Citie.
Without one of the gates is a plain
field,
both in name and
deede, where euery fryday (vnlesse it bee a solemne bidden
holy day) is a notable shew of horses to bee sold, Earles, Bar
rons, Knights, and Citizens repayre thether to see, or to buy:
there may you with pleasure
cately: there may ye see trotters fit for men of armes, sitting
more hardly: ther may you haue notable young horse not yet
brokē: there may you haue strong steeds wel limmed, geldings
whom the buyers do especially regarde
the boyes which ride these horses, sometime two, sometime
three, doe runne races for wagers, with a desire of praise, or
hope of victorie. In an other part of that field are to be sold
all implements of husbandrie, as also fat swine, milch kine,
sheepe and oxen: there stand also mares and
ploughes and teames with their young coltes by them. At
this citie Marchante strangers of all nations had their keyes
and wharfes: the Arabians sent gold: the Sabians spice and
frankensence: the Scithian armour, Babilon oile, Indian
purple garments, Egipt precious stones, Norway and Russia
Ambergrese, & Sables, & the French men
to the truth of Chronicles, this Citie is ancienter then Rome,
built of the auncient Troians and of Brute, before that was
built by Romulus, and Rhemus: and therefore vseth the aun
cient customes of Rome. This Citie euen as Rome, is diui
ded into Wardes: it hath yearely Shiriffes in steed of Con
vnder Officers, Common Sewers, and Conduictes in streetes,
according to the qualitie of causes, in hath generall Courtes:
and assemblies vpon appointed dayes. I doe not thinke that
there is any Cittie, wherein are better customes, in frequen
ting the Churches, in seruing God, in keeping holy dayes, in
giuing almes, in entertayning straungers in solemnizing Mar
riages, in furnishing banquets, celebrating funerals, and bury
ing dead
deede, where euery fryday (vnlesse it bee a solemne bidden
holy day) is a notable shew of horses to bee sold, Earles, Bar
rons, Knights, and Citizens repayre thether to see, or to buy:
there may you with pleasure
Market for
horses and o
ther cattell.
see amblers pacing it delihorses and o
ther cattell.
cately: there may ye see trotters fit for men of armes, sitting
more hardly: ther may you haue notable young horse not yet
brokē: there may you haue strong steeds wel limmed, geldings
whom the buyers do especially regarde
Marchants of
all nations tra
ded at this Ci
ty, & had their
seuerall Keyes
and wharfes.
for pace, and swiftnes:all nations tra
ded at this Ci
ty, & had their
seuerall Keyes
and wharfes.
the boyes which ride these horses, sometime two, sometime
three, doe runne races for wagers, with a desire of praise, or
hope of victorie. In an other part of that field are to be sold
all implements of husbandrie, as also fat swine, milch kine,
sheepe and oxen: there stand also mares and
The
Authors
opinion of this
Citie, the anti
quitie thereof
after some au
thors which
he had reade.
horses, fitte foropinion of this
Citie, the anti
quitie thereof
after some au
thors which
he had reade.
ploughes and teames with their young coltes by them. At
this citie Marchante strangers of all nations had their keyes
and wharfes: the Arabians sent gold: the Sabians spice and
frankensence: the Scithian armour, Babilon oile, Indian
purple garments, Egipt precious stones, Norway and Russia
Ambergrese, & Sables, & the French men
This Citie de
uided into
Wardes more
then 400 years
since, and also
had then both
Aldermen and
Sheriffes.
wine. Accordinguided into
Wardes more
then 400 years
since, and also
had then both
Aldermen and
Sheriffes.
to the truth of Chronicles, this Citie is ancienter then Rome,
built of the auncient Troians and of Brute, before that was
built by Romulus, and Rhemus: and therefore vseth the aun
cient customes of Rome. This Citie euen as Rome, is diui
ded into Wardes: it hath yearely Shiriffes in steed of Con
sulles
62
Of Orders and Customes.
sulles: it hath the dignitie of Senators in
Aldermen. It hathvnder Officers, Common Sewers, and Conduictes in streetes,
according to the qualitie of causes, in hath generall Courtes:
and assemblies vpon appointed dayes. I doe not thinke that
there is any Cittie, wherein are better customes, in frequen
ting the Churches, in seruing God, in keeping holy dayes, in
giuing almes, in entertayning straungers in solemnizing Mar
riages, in furnishing banquets, celebrating funerals, and bury
ing dead
Casualtie
of
fires when
houses were
couered with
thatch.
bodies.fires when
houses were
couered with
thatch.
The onely plagues of London, is immoderate quassing a
mong the foolish sort, and often casualties by fire. Most part
of the Bishops, Abbots, and great Lordes of the land haue
houses there, whereunto they resort, and bestow much when
they are called to Parliament by the king, or to counsell by
their Metropolitane, or otherwise by their priuate businesse.
mong the foolish sort, and often casualties by fire. Most part
of the Bishops, Abbots, and great Lordes of the land haue
houses there, whereunto they resort, and bestow much when
they are called to Parliament by the king, or to counsell by
their Metropolitane, or otherwise by their priuate businesse.
Thus far Fitzstephen of
the estate of these things in his time,
whereunto may be added the present, by conference whereoThis text has been supplied. Reason: Type not (sufficiently) inked. Evidence: The text has been supplied based on guesswork. (KL)f, the
alteration will easily appeare.
whereunto may be added the present, by conference whereoThis text has been supplied. Reason: Type not (sufficiently) inked. Evidence: The text has been supplied based on guesswork. (KL)f, the
alteration will easily appeare.
Men of trades and sellers of wares in this City haue often times
since chaunged their places, as they haue found their best aduan
tage. For whereas Mercers and Haberdashers vsed to kéepe
their shoppes in West Cheape, of later time they held them on
London Bridg, where partly they yet remayne. The Gold
smithes of Gutherons lane, and old Exchaunge, are now for the
most part remoued into the South side of west Cheap: the Pepe
rers and Grocers of Sopers lane, are now in Buckles berrie, &
other places: the Drapers of Lombardstréete and of Cornehill,
are seated in Candlewickstréete and Watheling streete: the
Skinners from S. Mary Pellipers, or at the Axe, into Budgerow
and Walbrooke: The Stockefishmongers in Thames stréete:
wette Fishmongers in Knightriders stréete, and Bridge stréete:
The Ironmongers of Ironmongers lane, and olde Iury, in
to Thames stréete: the Uinteners from the Uinetrée into di
uers places. But the Brewers for the more parte remaine
néere to the friendly water of Thames: the Butchers in East
cheape, and S. Nicholas Shambles: the Hosyers1 of olde time in
Hosyer lane, neare vnto Smithfield, are since remoued into Cord
of all into Birchouerislane by Cornehill: the Shoomakers and
Curryars of Cordwaynerstreete, remoued the one to S. Martins
Le Graund, the other to London wall neare vnto Moregate, the
Founders remayne by them selues in Lothebery: Cokes, or
Pastelars for the more part in Thames street, the other dispersed
into diuers parts. Powlters of late remoued out of the Powltry
betwixt the Stockes and great Conduite in Cheape into Grasse
streete and S. Nicholas Shambles: Bowyars, from Bowyer
rowe by Ludgate, into diuers places, and almost worne out
with the Fletchers: Pater noster Beade makers and Text Wri
ters2 are gone out of Pater Noster Rowe into Stationers of
Paules Church yard: Patten makers of S. Margaret Pat
tens lane, cleane worne out: Laborers euery worke daye are to
bee found in Cheape about Sopars lane ende, horse coursers and
Sellars of Oxen, Sheepe, Swine, and such like, remaine in their
olde market of Smithfilde &c.
since chaunged their places, as they haue found their best aduan
tage. For whereas Mercers and Haberdashers vsed to kéepe
their shoppes in West Cheape, of later time they held them on
London Bridg, where partly they yet remayne. The Gold
smithes of Gutherons lane, and old Exchaunge, are now for the
most part remoued into the South side of west Cheap: the Pepe
rers and Grocers of Sopers lane, are now in Buckles berrie, &
other places: the Drapers of Lombardstréete and of Cornehill,
are seated in Candlewickstréete and Watheling streete: the
Skinners from S. Mary Pellipers, or at the Axe, into Budgerow
and Walbrooke: The Stockefishmongers in Thames stréete:
wette Fishmongers in Knightriders stréete, and Bridge stréete:
The Ironmongers of Ironmongers lane, and olde Iury, in
to Thames stréete: the Uinteners from the Uinetrée into di
uers places. But the Brewers for the more parte remaine
néere to the friendly water of Thames: the Butchers in East
cheape, and S. Nicholas Shambles: the Hosyers1 of olde time in
Hosyer lane, neare vnto Smithfield, are since remoued into Cord
wayner
Of Orders and Customes.
63
wayner stréete, the
vpper part thereof by Bow Church, and lastof all into Birchouerislane by Cornehill: the Shoomakers and
Curryars of Cordwaynerstreete, remoued the one to S. Martins
Le Graund, the other to London wall neare vnto Moregate, the
Founders remayne by them selues in Lothebery: Cokes, or
Pastelars for the more part in Thames street, the other dispersed
into diuers parts. Powlters of late remoued out of the Powltry
betwixt the Stockes and great Conduite in Cheape into Grasse
streete and S. Nicholas Shambles: Bowyars, from Bowyer
rowe by Ludgate, into diuers places, and almost worne out
with the Fletchers: Pater noster Beade makers and Text Wri
ters2 are gone out of Pater Noster Rowe into Stationers of
Paules Church yard: Patten makers of S. Margaret Pat
tens lane, cleane worne out: Laborers euery worke daye are to
bee found in Cheape about Sopars lane ende, horse coursers and
Sellars of Oxen, Sheepe, Swine, and such like, remaine in their
olde market of Smithfilde &c.
That Marchants of all Nations had their
Keyes and wharfes
at this City whereunto they brought their Marchandises before,
and in the raigne, of Henry the second mine author wrote of his
owne knowledge to be true, though for the antiquitie of the citie,
he tooke the common opinion. Also that this citie was in his time
and afore deuided into wards, had yearly Sherifs, Aldermen, ge
neral courts, and assemblies, & such like notes by him set down, in
commendation of the cittizens (whereof there is no question) hee
wrote likewise of his owne experience, as being borne & brought
vp amongst them.
at this City whereunto they brought their Marchandises before,
and in the raigne, of Henry the second mine author wrote of his
owne knowledge to be true, though for the antiquitie of the citie,
he tooke the common opinion. Also that this citie was in his time
and afore deuided into wards, had yearly Sherifs, Aldermen, ge
neral courts, and assemblies, & such like notes by him set down, in
commendation of the cittizens (whereof there is no question) hee
wrote likewise of his owne experience, as being borne & brought
vp amongst them.
And concerning Marchandises then thither transported (wher
of happily may bee some argument) Thomas Clifforde (before
Fitz Stephens time) writing of Edward the Confessor, saith to
this effect: King Edward intending to make his Sepulcher at
Westminster, for that it was neere to the famous citie of Lon
don and the Riuer of Thames, that brought in all kinde of Mar
chandises, from all parts of the world &c. And William of Malms
berie, that liued in the raygne of William the first and seconde,
Henry the first, and king Stephen, calleth this a noble Citie, full
of wealthie cittizens, frequented with the trade of Marchandises
olde time no woade was stowed or harbored in this Citty but all
was presently solde in the ships, except by licence purchased of the
Sheriffes, till of more latter time, to wit, in the yeare 1236. An
drew Bokerell being Mayor, by assent of the principall Citizens,
the Marchants of Amiens, Nele and Corby, purchased letters
insealed with the common seale of the Cittie, that they when they
come, might harborow their woades, and therefore should giue
the Mayor euery yeare 50. markes starling: and the same yeare
they gaue 100.£ towards the conueying of water from Tyborne
to this Citie. Also the Marchants of Normandie made fine for
licence to harbor their woads, till it was otherwise prouided. In
the yeare 1263. Thomas Fitz Thomas, being Mayor, &c. which
proueth that then (as afore) they were here, amongst other nati
ons priuiledged.
of happily may bee some argument) Thomas Clifforde (before
Fitz Stephens time) writing of Edward the Confessor, saith to
this effect: King Edward intending to make his Sepulcher at
Westminster, for that it was neere to the famous citie of Lon
don and the Riuer of Thames, that brought in all kinde of Mar
chandises, from all parts of the world &c. And William of Malms
berie, that liued in the raygne of William the first and seconde,
Henry the first, and king Stephen, calleth this a noble Citie, full
of wealthie cittizens, frequented with the trade of Marchandises
from
64
Of Orders and Customes.
from all
parts of the world. Also I reade in diuers records that ofolde time no woade was stowed or harbored in this Citty but all
was presently solde in the ships, except by licence purchased of the
Sheriffes, till of more latter time, to wit, in the yeare 1236. An
drew Bokerell being Mayor, by assent of the principall Citizens,
the Marchants of Amiens, Nele and Corby, purchased letters
insealed with the common seale of the Cittie, that they when they
come, might harborow their woades, and therefore should giue
the Mayor euery yeare 50. markes starling: and the same yeare
they gaue 100.£ towards the conueying of water from Tyborne
to this Citie. Also the Marchants of Normandie made fine for
licence to harbor their woads, till it was otherwise prouided. In
the yeare 1263. Thomas Fitz Thomas, being Mayor, &c. which
proueth that then (as afore) they were here, amongst other nati
ons priuiledged.
It followeth in Fitz Stephen, that the plagues
of London
in that time were immoderate quaffing among fooles, and of
ten casualties by fire. For the first, to wit of quaffing, it conti
nueth as afore, though greatly qualified among the poorer sort not
of any holy abstinencie, but of méer necessitie, Ale and Béere being
small, and wines in price aboue their reach. As for preuention of
casualties by fire (the houses in this citie being then builded all of
timber and couered with thatch of straw or réed) it was long since,
thought good policie in our forefathers, wisely to prouide, namely
in the yeare of Christ 1189.
Fitzalwine being then Mayor,
build their houses of stone vp to a certaine height, and to couer
them with slate, bricke or tyle: since the which time (thanks be
giuen to God) there hath not happened the like, often consuming
and deThis text is the corrected text. The original is n (SM) u ouring fiers in this cittie as afore. But now in our time
in steade of these inormities: others are come in place no lesse meet
to be reformed: and first, and namely, Purprestures,
ments on the high wayes, lanes, and common grounds, in and a
bout this citie, wherof a learned & graue citizen hath lately written
& exhibited a booke (as I heare) to the Mayor and communaltie.
in that time were immoderate quaffing among fooles, and of
ten casualties by fire. For the first, to wit of quaffing, it conti
nueth as afore, though greatly qualified among the poorer sort not
of any holy abstinencie, but of méer necessitie, Ale and Béere being
small, and wines in price aboue their reach. As for preuention of
casualties by fire (the houses in this citie being then builded all of
timber and couered with thatch of straw or réed) it was long since,
thought good policie in our forefathers, wisely to prouide, namely
in the yeare of Christ 1189.
Li. Constitu
tions
the first of Richard the first,
tions
Li. Horne.
HenryFitzalwine being then Mayor,
Li. Clarken
well.
that all men in this cittie shouldewell.
build their houses of stone vp to a certaine height, and to couer
them with slate, bricke or tyle: since the which time (thanks be
giuen to God) there hath not happened the like, often consuming
and deThis text is the corrected text. The original is n (SM) u ouring fiers in this cittie as afore. But now in our time
in steade of these inormities: others are come in place no lesse meet
to be reformed: and first, and namely, Purprestures,
Purpresture in
and about
this citie.
W. Patten.
Carres and
Drayes not
well gouerned
in this Citie,
daungeroThis text is the corrected text. The original is n (SM) u s.
or incrochand about
this citie.
W. Patten.
Carres and
Drayes not
well gouerned
in this Citie,
daungeroThis text is the corrected text. The original is n (SM) u s.
ments on the high wayes, lanes, and common grounds, in and a
bout this citie, wherof a learned & graue citizen hath lately written
& exhibited a booke (as I heare) to the Mayor and communaltie.
Then the number of Carres, Drayes, and Coatches, more
then hath béene accustomed, the streetes and lanes being strength
know that by the good lawes and customes of this cittie, shodde
cartes are forbidden to enter, except vpon reasonable causes, (as
seruice of the Prince, or such like) they be tollerated. Also that the
forehorse of euery cariage should bee lead by hande: but these good
orders are not obserued. Of old time coatches were not knowne
in this Island, but chariots, or Whirlicotes, and they onely vsed
of Princes or great estates, such as had their footmen about them:
I reade that Rychard the second being threatened by the rebelles
of Kent, rode from the Tower of London to the Myles end,
with him his mother in a Wherlicote,
Kent,4 Warwicke,5 and Oxford,6 Sir Thomas Perie, Sir Ro
bert Knowles, the Mayor of London, Sir Auberie de Vere,
that bare the Kinges sword, with other Knightes and Esquires
attending on horsebacke. But in the yeare next following the said
King Richard tooke to wife Anne daughter to the King of Bo
heme,7 that first brought hither the riding vpon side saddles,
was the riding in Wherlicoates and chariots forsaken, except at
coronations and such like spectacles: but now of late yeares the
vse of coatches is taken vp, and made so common, as there is ney
ther distinction of time, nor difference of persons obserued.
then hath béene accustomed, the streetes and lanes being strength
ned
Of Orders and Customes.
65
ned, must needes be daungerous, as dayly
experience proueth. Iknow that by the good lawes and customes of this cittie, shodde
cartes are forbidden to enter, except vpon reasonable causes, (as
seruice of the Prince, or such like) they be tollerated. Also that the
forehorse of euery cariage should bee lead by hande: but these good
orders are not obserued. Of old time coatches were not knowne
in this Island, but chariots, or Whirlicotes, and they onely vsed
of Princes or great estates, such as had their footmen about them:
I reade that Rychard the second being threatened by the rebelles
of Kent, rode from the Tower of London to the Myles end,
L.S. Mary
Aborum.
andAborum.
with him his mother in a Wherlicote,
Riding in
Wherlicotes.
the Earls of Buckingham,3Wherlicotes.
Kent,4 Warwicke,5 and Oxford,6 Sir Thomas Perie, Sir Ro
bert Knowles, the Mayor of London, Sir Auberie de Vere,
that bare the Kinges sword, with other Knightes and Esquires
attending on horsebacke. But in the yeare next following the said
King Richard tooke to wife Anne daughter to the King of Bo
heme,7 that first brought hither the riding vpon side saddles,
Riding in side
saddles, that
were wont to
ride a stride.
Riding in
Coaches.
and sosaddles, that
were wont to
ride a stride.
Riding in
Coaches.
was the riding in Wherlicoates and chariots forsaken, except at
coronations and such like spectacles: but now of late yeares the
vse of coatches is taken vp, and made so common, as there is ney
ther distinction of time, nor difference of persons obserued.
Last of all mine Author in this Chapter hath these words: Most
part of the Bishops, Abbots, and great Lordes of the land, as
if they were Citizens & free men of London, had many fayre
houses to resort vnto, and many rich and wealthy gentlemen
spent their money there. And in an other place hee hath these
words: Euery Sonday in Lent a fresh company of young men
comes into the fields on horsebacke, and the best horsemen
conducteth the rest: then martch forth the Citizens sonnes,
and other young men with disarmed launces and shieldes, &
practise feates of warre: many Courtiers likewise and atten
dants of noble men repaire to this exercise, & whilst the hope
of victorie doth enflame their mindes, they doe shewe good
proofe how seruiceable they would be in martial affaires &c.
Againe he saith: This Citie in the troublesome time of King
Stephen shewed at a muster 20000. armed horsemen, and
40000. footemen, seruiceable for the warres. &c. All which
in those dayes, the inhabitantes & repayrers to this Citie of what
estate soeuer, spirituall or temporall, hauing houses here, liued to
gether in good amitie, euery man obseruing the customes and or
der of the Citie, and chose to be contributarie to charges here, ra
ther then in any part of
the hart of the Realme, the Kinges chamber, and Princes seate
whereunto they made repayre, and shewed their forces, both of
horses and of men, which caused in troublesome time (as of king
Stephen) the Musters of this Citie to be so great in number.
part of the Bishops, Abbots, and great Lordes of the land, as
if they were Citizens & free men of London, had many fayre
houses to resort vnto, and many rich and wealthy gentlemen
spent their money there. And in an other place hee hath these
words: Euery Sonday in Lent a fresh company of young men
comes into the fields on horsebacke, and the best horsemen
conducteth the rest: then martch forth the Citizens sonnes,
and other young men with disarmed launces and shieldes, &
practise feates of warre: many Courtiers likewise and atten
dants of noble men repaire to this exercise, & whilst the hope
of victorie doth enflame their mindes, they doe shewe good
proofe how seruiceable they would be in martial affaires &c.
Againe he saith: This Citie in the troublesome time of King
Stephen shewed at a muster 20000. armed horsemen, and
40000. footemen, seruiceable for the warres. &c. All which
F
sayings
66
Of Orders and Customes.
sayinges of the said Author well considered,
do plainely proue, thatin those dayes, the inhabitantes & repayrers to this Citie of what
estate soeuer, spirituall or temporall, hauing houses here, liued to
gether in good amitie, euery man obseruing the customes and or
der of the Citie, and chose to be contributarie to charges here, ra
ther then in any part of
The causes of
great shewes
and musters
in this citie of
old time, more
then of late.
the land wheresoeuer: This cittie beinggreat shewes
and musters
in this citie of
old time, more
then of late.
the hart of the Realme, the Kinges chamber, and Princes seate
whereunto they made repayre, and shewed their forces, both of
horses and of men, which caused in troublesome time (as of king
Stephen) the Musters of this Citie to be so great in number.
And here to touch somewhat of the great families and housholds
kept in former times I reade that in the 36. of Henry the sixt, the
great estates being called vp to London, the Earle of Salesbury8
came with 500. men on horsebacke, and was lodged in the Her
ber: Richard Duke of Yorke with 400. men lodged at Bay
nards Castle: the Dukes of Excester,9 and Sommerset10 with
800. men. The Earle of Northumberland,11 the Lord Egre
monte,12 and the Lord Clifford13 with 1500. men. Richard Ne
uell Earle of Warwicke with 600. men, all in redde iackets, im
brodered with ragged staues before and behind, and was lodged
in VVarwicke lane: in whose house there was oftentimes sixe
Oxen eaten at a breakefast, and euery Tauerne was full of his
meat, for he that had any acquaintance in that house, might haue
there so much of sodden and roste meate, as hee coulde pricke
and carry vpon a long dagger. Nicholas VVest Bishoppe of
Ely in the yeare 1532. kept continually in his house, an hun
dred seruants giuing to the one half of them 53. SMALL LATIN LETTER S WITH TILDE ABOVE; ABBREVIATION FOR SHILLINGss̃. foure pence the
peece yearely: to the other halfe each 40. SMALL LATIN LETTER S WITH TILDE ABOVE; ABBREVIATION FOR SHILLINGss̃. the péece: to euery
one for his winter gowne, foure yardes of broad cloth, and for
his sommer coate three yardes and a halfe: hee dayly gaue at his
gates besides bread and drinke, warme meat to two hundred poore
people. The house kéeping of Edward late Earle of Darby
not to be forgotten who had 220. men in Checke Rolle: his fée
ding aged persons, twice euery day sixtie and odde, besides all com
mers thrice a wéeke, and euery good Fryday 2700. with meate
drinke and money.
kept in former times I reade that in the 36. of Henry the sixt, the
great estates being called vp to London, the Earle of Salesbury8
came with 500. men on horsebacke, and was lodged in the Her
ber: Richard Duke of Yorke with 400. men lodged at Bay
nards Castle: the Dukes of Excester,9 and Sommerset10 with
800. men. The Earle of Northumberland,11 the Lord Egre
monte,12 and the Lord Clifford13 with 1500. men. Richard Ne
uell Earle of Warwicke with 600. men, all in redde iackets, im
brodered with ragged staues before and behind, and was lodged
in VVarwicke lane: in whose house there was oftentimes sixe
Oxen eaten at a breakefast, and euery Tauerne was full of his
meat, for he that had any acquaintance in that house, might haue
there so much of sodden and roste meate, as hee coulde pricke
and carry vpon a long dagger. Nicholas VVest Bishoppe of
Ely in the yeare 1532. kept continually in his house, an hun
dred seruants giuing to the one half of them 53. SMALL LATIN LETTER S WITH TILDE ABOVE; ABBREVIATION FOR SHILLINGss̃. foure pence the
peece yearely: to the other halfe each 40. SMALL LATIN LETTER S WITH TILDE ABOVE; ABBREVIATION FOR SHILLINGss̃. the péece: to euery
one for his winter gowne, foure yardes of broad cloth, and for
his sommer coate three yardes and a halfe: hee dayly gaue at his
gates besides bread and drinke, warme meat to two hundred poore
people. The house kéeping of Edward late Earle of Darby
Earle of Darby14
isnot to be forgotten who had 220. men in Checke Rolle: his fée
ding aged persons, twice euery day sixtie and odde, besides all com
mers thrice a wéeke, and euery good Fryday 2700. with meate
drinke and money.
Thomas Audley
Lord
Chauncelor, his family of gentlemen,
his yeomen after him in the same liuery not garded. VVilliam
Powlet Lord great mayster, Marquis of Winchester, kept the
like number of Gentlemen and yeomen in a liuery of Reding
Tawney. Thomas Lord Cromwell Earle of Essex kept the
like or greater number in a liuerie of gray marble, &c. the gen
tlemen garded with Ueluet, and the yeomens with the same
cloth.
before
Of Orders and Customes.
67
before him in coates garded with Ueluet,
and chaines of Golde:his yeomen after him in the same liuery not garded. VVilliam
Powlet Lord great mayster, Marquis of Winchester, kept the
like number of Gentlemen and yeomen in a liuery of Reding
Tawney. Thomas Lord Cromwell Earle of Essex kept the
like or greater number in a liuerie of gray marble, &c. the gen
tlemen garded with Ueluet, and the yeomens with the same
cloth.
These, as all other of those times gaue great reliefe to the
poore, and I haue oft séene at that Lorde Cromwels gate, more
then two hundred persons serued twice euery day with breade,
meate, and drinke.
poore, and I haue oft séene at that Lorde Cromwels gate, more
then two hundred persons serued twice euery day with breade,
meate, and drinke.
Edward Duke of
Sommerset
was not inferior in kéeping a
number of tall Gentlemen and yeomen. These (I say) and all
other men of honour and worshippe then lodging in this Citie, or
within the liberties therof, did without grudging, beare their part
of charges with the Citizens, according to their estimated estates,
without the which, those musters of old time could not haue béene
so great.
number of tall Gentlemen and yeomen. These (I say) and all
other men of honour and worshippe then lodging in this Citie, or
within the liberties therof, did without grudging, beare their part
of charges with the Citizens, according to their estimated estates,
without the which, those musters of old time could not haue béene
so great.
And thus I end touching vsuall Orders and Customes of this
citie.
citie.
Notes
- According to the Merchant Taylors’ Company’s website, the Hosiers merged with the Merchant Taylors’ Company in 1551 (Company History). (JZ)↑
- The Paternosters, Beadmakers, and Text Writers were makers of Catholic icons. Outlawed under Edward VI and Elizabeth I, the guild was briefly revived in the reign of Mary I and subsequently dissolved. (ML)↑
- I.e., Thomas of Woodstock. (JZ)↑
- I.e., Thomas Holland. (JZ)↑
- I.e., Thomas Beauchamp. (JZ)↑
- I.e., Sir Aubrey de Vere. (JZ)↑
- I.e., Charles IV of Bohemia. (JZ)↑
- I.e., Richard Neville. (JZ)↑
- I.e., Henry Holland, the third Duke of Exeter. (JZ)↑
- I.e., Henry Beaufort. (JZ)↑
- I.e., Henry Percy. (JZ)↑
- I.e., Thomas Percy. (JZ)↑
- I.e., John Clifford. (JZ)↑
- I.e., Edward Stanley. (JZ)↑
References
-
.
Executions.
The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 7.0, edited by , U of Victoria, 05 May 2022, mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/EXEC1.htm.
Cite this page
MLA citation
Survey of London (1598): Orders and Customs.The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 7.0, edited by , U of Victoria, 05 May 2022, mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/stow_1598_orders.htm.
Chicago citation
Survey of London (1598): Orders and Customs.The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 7.0. Ed. . Victoria: University of Victoria. Accessed May 05, 2022. mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/stow_1598_orders.htm.
APA citation
The Map of Early Modern London (Edition 7.0). Victoria: University of Victoria. Retrieved from https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/editions/7.0/stow_1598_orders.htm.
, & 2022. Survey of London (1598): Orders and Customs. In (Ed), RIS file (for RefMan, RefWorks, EndNote etc.)
Provider: University of Victoria Database: The Map of Early Modern London Content: text/plain; charset="utf-8" TY - ELEC A1 - Stow, John A1 - fitz-Stephen, William ED - Jenstad, Janelle T1 - Survey of London (1598): Orders and Customs T2 - The Map of Early Modern London ET - 7.0 PY - 2022 DA - 2022/05/05 CY - Victoria PB - University of Victoria LA - English UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/stow_1598_orders.htm UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/xml/standalone/stow_1598_orders.xml ER -
TEI citation
<bibl type="mla"><author><name ref="#STOW6"><surname>Stow</surname>, <forename>John</forename></name></author>,
and <author><name ref="#FITZ1"><forename>William</forename> <surname>fitz-Stephen</surname></name></author>.
<title level="a">Survey of London (1598): Orders and Customs</title>. <title level="m">The
Map of Early Modern London</title>, Edition <edition>7.0</edition>, edited by <editor><name
ref="#JENS1"><forename>Janelle</forename> <surname>Jenstad</surname></name></editor>,
<publisher>U of Victoria</publisher>, <date when="2022-05-05">05 May 2022</date>,
<ref target="https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/stow_1598_orders.htm">mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/stow_1598_orders.htm</ref>.</bibl>
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Making the RA Matter: Pedagogy, Interface, and Practices.
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Building a Gazetteer for Early Modern London, 1550-1650.
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Early Modern Literary Studies 8.2 (2002): 5.1–26..The City Cannot Hold You
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The Silver Society Journal 10 (1998): 40–43.The Gouldesmythes Storehowse
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Lying-in Like a Countess: The Lisle Letters, the Cecil Family, and A Chaste Maid in Cheapside.
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Using Early Modern Maps in Literary Studies: Views and Caveats from London.
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Versioning John Stow’s A Survey of London, or, What’s New in 1618 and 1633?.
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Shakespeare, William. The Merchant of Venice. Ed. Janelle Jenstad. Internet Shakespeare Editions. U of Victoria. http://internetshakespeare.uvic.ca/Library/Texts/MV/.
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Stow, John. A SVRVAY OF LONDON. Contayning the Originall, Antiquity, Increase, Moderne estate, and description of that Citie, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow Citizen of London. Also an Apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that Citie, the greatnesse thereof. With an Appendix, containing in Latine, Libellum de situ & nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. Ed. Janelle Jenstad and the MoEML Team. MoEML. Transcribed.
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Sir Thomas Audley
(b. between 1487 and 1488, d. 1544)First Baron Audley of Walden. Lord Chancellor of England 1533-1544. Husband of Elizabeth Audley. Father of Margaret Howard.Sir Thomas Audley is mentioned in the following documents:
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Thomas Beauchamp is mentioned in the following documents:
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Brutus of Troy
Brutus King of Great Britain
King of Britain and founder of London. Husband of Innogen. Father of Albanact, Camber, and Locrine. Son of Aeneas. Appears in Geoffrey of Monouth’s History of the Kings of Britain.Brutus of Troy is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir Thomas Cromwell is mentioned in the following documents:
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Edward VI
Edward This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 6VI King of England King of Ireland
(b. 12 October 1537, d. 6 July 1553)Edward VI is mentioned in the following documents:
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Edward the Confessor
Edward the Confessor King of England
(b. between 1003 and 1005, d. between 4 January 1066 and 5 January 1066)Edward the Confessor is mentioned in the following documents:
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Elizabeth I
Elizabeth This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 1I Queen of England Queen of Ireland Gloriana Good Queen Bess
(b. 7 September 1533, d. 24 March 1603)Queen of England and Ireland 1558-1603.Elizabeth I is mentioned in the following documents:
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William fitz-Stephen is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir Henry fitz-Alwine
Sir Henry fitz-Alwine Mayor
(d. 1212)First mayor of London 1189–1212. Possible member of the Drapers’ Company. Buried at Holy Trinity Priory.Sir Henry fitz-Alwine is mentioned in the following documents:
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Andrew Bukerel is mentioned in the following documents:
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Nicholas West is mentioned in the following documents:
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Edward Stanley is mentioned in the following documents:
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Thomas Percy
First Baron Egremont. Lancastrian ally during the Wars of the Roses. Brother of Sir Richard Percy. Not to be confused with Thomas Percy.Thomas Percy is mentioned in the following documents:
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Henry Beaufort is mentioned in the following documents:
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Henry Holland
(b. 1430, d. 1475)Third Duke of Exeter. Lancastrian leader during the Wars of the Roses. Son of John Holland.Henry Holland is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir Thomas Perie
Knight.Sir Thomas Perie is mentioned in the following documents:
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John Clifford is mentioned in the following documents:
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Henry VI
Henry This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 6VI King of England
(b. 6 December 1421, d. 21 May 1471)Henry VI is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir Robert Knolles
(d. 1407)First Earl of Banbury. Led a large group of London citizens to Smithfield to assist Richard II during the Peasant’s Revolt of 1381. Husband of Constance Knolles. Buried at Whitefriars Church.Sir Robert Knolles is mentioned in the following documents:
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Mary I
Mary This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 1I Queen of England Queen of Ireland
(b. 18 February 1516, d. 17 November 1558)Mary I is mentioned in the following documents:
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Henry Percy is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir William Paulet
(b. 1474, d. 1572)First Marquis of Winchester. Father of Sir John Paulet. Buried at Christ Church.Sir William Paulet is mentioned in the following documents:
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Richard II
Richard This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 2II King of England
(b. 6 January 1367, d. 1400)Richard II is mentioned in the following documents:
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Edward Seymour is mentioned in the following documents:
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John Stow
(b. between 1524 and 1525, d. 1605)Historian and author of A Survey of London. Husband of Elizabeth Stow.John Stow is mentioned in the following documents:
John Stow authored or edited the following items in MoEML’s bibliography:
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Blome, Richard.
Aldersgate Ward and St. Martins le Grand Liberty Taken from the Last Survey, with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. M3r and sig. M4v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Aldgate Ward with its Division into Parishes. Taken from the Last Survey, with Corrections & Additions.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. H3r and sig. H4v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Billingsgate Ward and Bridge Ward Within with it’s Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. Y2r and sig. Y3v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Bishopsgate-street Ward. Taken from the Last Survey and Corrected.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. N1r and sig. N2v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Bread Street Ward and Cardwainter Ward with its Division into Parishes Taken from the Last Survey.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. B3r and sig. B4v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Broad Street Ward with its Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey with Corrections and Additions, & Cornhill Ward with its Divisions into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey, &c.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. P2r and sig. P3v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Cheape Ward with its Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey, with Corrections and Additions.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig.D1r and sig. D2v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Coleman Street Ward and Bashishaw Ward Taken from the Last Survey with Corrections and Additions.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. G2r and sig. G3v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Cow Cross being St Sepulchers Parish Without and the Charterhouse.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. H2v and sig. H3r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Creplegate Ward with its Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey, with Additions, and Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. I3r and sig. I4v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Farrington Ward Without, with its Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey with Corrections & Amendments.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. 2F3r and sig. 2F4v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Lambeth and Christ Church Parish Southwark. Taken from ye last Survey with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. Z1r and sig. Z2r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Langborne Ward with its Division into Parishes. Corrected from the Last Survey. & Candlewick Ward with its Division into Parishes. Corrected from the Last Survey.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. U3r and sig. U4v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Map of St. Gilles’s Cripple Gate. Without. With Large Additions and Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. H2v and sig. H3r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Map of the Parish of St. Dunstans Stepney, als. Stebunheath Divided into Hamlets.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. F3r and sig. F4v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Map of the Parish of St Mary White Chappel and a Map of the Parish of St Katherines by the Tower.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. F2r and sig. F3v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Mapp of Lime Street Ward. Taken from ye Last Surveys & Corrected.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. M1r and sig. M2v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Mapp of St. Andrews Holborn Parish as well Within the Liberty as Without.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. 2I1r and sig. 2I2v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Mapp of the Parishes of St. Clements Danes, St. Mary Savoy; with the Rolls Liberty and Lincolns Inn, Taken from the Last Survey with Corrections and Additions.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig.O4v and sig. O1r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Mapp of the Parish of St. Anns. Taken from the last Survey, with Correction, and Additions.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. L2v and sig. L3r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Mapp of the Parish of St. Giles’s in the Fields Taken from the Last Servey, with Corrections and Additions.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. K1v and sig. K2r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Mapp of the Parish of St Margarets Westminster Taken from the Last Survey with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig.H3v and sig. H4r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Mapp of the Parish of St Martins in the Fields Taken from ye Last Survey with Additions.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. I1v and sig. I2r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Mapp of the Parish of St Pauls Covent Garden Taken from the Last Survey.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. L3v and sig. L4r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Mapp of the Parish of St Saviours Southwark and St Georges taken from ye last Survey.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. D1r and sig.D2v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
The Parish of St. James Clerkenwell taken from ye last Survey with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. H3v and sig. H4r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
The Parish of St. James’s, Westminster Taken from the Last Survey with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. K4v and sig. L1r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
The Parish of St Johns Wapping. The Parish of St Paul Shadwell.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. E2r and sig. E3v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Portsoken Ward being Part of the Parish of St. Buttolphs Aldgate, taken from the Last Survey, with Corrections and Additions.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. B1v and sig. B2r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Queen Hith Ward and Vintry Ward with their Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. 2C4r and sig. 2D1v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Shoreditch Norton Folgate, and Crepplegate Without Taken from ye Last Survey with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. G1r and sig. G2v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Spittle Fields and Places Adjacent Taken from ye Last Survey with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. F4r and sig. G1v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
St. Olave and St. Mary Magdalens Bermondsey Southwark Taken from ye last Survey with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. C2r and sig.C3v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Tower Street Ward with its Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey, with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. E2r and sig. E3v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Walbrook Ward and Dowgate Ward with its Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Surveys.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. 2B3r and sig. 2B4v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
The Wards of Farington Within and Baynards Castle with its Divisions into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey, with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. Q2r and sig. Q3v. [See more information about this map.] -
The City of London as in Q. Elizabeth’s Time.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Frontispiece. -
A Map of the Tower Liberty.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. H4v and sig. I1r. [See more information about this map.] -
A New Plan of the City of London, Westminster and Southwark.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Frontispiece. -
Pearl, Valerie.
Introduction.
A Survey of London. By John Stow. Ed. H.B. Wheatley. London: Everyman’s Library, 1987. v–xii. Print. -
Pullen, John.
A Map of the Parish of St Mary Rotherhith.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. Z3r and sig. Z4r. [See more information about this map.] -
Stow, John. The abridgement of the English Chronicle, first collected by M. Iohn Stow, and after him augmented with very many memorable antiquities, and continued with matters forreine and domesticall, vnto the beginning of the yeare, 1618. by E.H. Gentleman. London, Edward Allde and Nicholas Okes, 1618. STC 23332.
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Stow, John. The annales of England Faithfully collected out of the most autenticall authors, records, and other monuments of antiquitie, lately collected, since encreased, and continued, from the first habitation vntill this present yeare 1605. London: Peter Short, Felix Kingston, and George Eld, 1605. STC 23337.
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Stow, John, Anthony Munday, and Henry Holland. THE SVRVAY of LONDON: Containing, The Originall, Antiquitie, Encrease, and more Moderne Estate of the sayd Famous Citie. As also, the Rule and Gouernment thereof (both Ecclesiasticall and Temporall) from time to time. With a briefe Relation of all the memorable Monuments, and other especiall Obseruations, both in and about the same CITIE. Written in the yeere 1598. by Iohn Stow, Citizen of London. Since then, continued, corrected and much enlarged, with many rare and worthy Notes, both of Venerable Antiquity, and later memorie; such, as were neuer published before this present yeere 1618. London: George Purslowe, 1618. STC 23344. Yale University Library copy.
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Stow, John, Anthony Munday, and Humphrey Dyson. THE SURVEY OF LONDON: CONTAINING The Original, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of that City, Methodically set down. With a Memorial of those famouser Acts of Charity, which for publick and Pious Vses have been bestowed by many Worshipfull Citizens and Benefactors. As also all the Ancient and Modern Monuments erected in the Churches, not only of those two famous Cities, LONDON and WESTMINSTER, but (now newly added) Four miles compass. Begun first by the pains and industry of John Stow, in the year 1598. Afterwards inlarged by the care and diligence of A.M. in the year 1618. And now compleatly finished by the study &labour of A.M., H.D. and others, this present year 1633. Whereunto, besides many Additions (as appears by the Contents) are annexed divers Alphabetical Tables, especially two, The first, an index of Things. The second, a Concordance of Names. London: Printed for Nicholas Bourne, 1633. STC 23345.5.
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Stow, John. The chronicles of England from Brute vnto this present yeare of Christ. 1580. Collected by Iohn Stow citizen of London. London, 1580.
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Stow, John. A Summarie of the Chronicles of England. Diligently Collected, Abridged, & Continued vnto this Present Yeere of Christ, 1598. London: Imprinted by Richard Bradocke, 1598.
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Stow, John. A suruay of London· Conteyning the originall, antiquity, increase, moderne estate, and description of that city, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow citizen of London. Since by the same author increased, with diuers rare notes of antiquity, and published in the yeare, 1603. Also an apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that citie, the greatnesse thereof. VVith an appendix, contayning in Latine Libellum de situ & nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. London: John Windet, 1603. STC 23343. U of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign Campus) copy.
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Stow, John, The survey of London contayning the originall, increase, moderne estate, and government of that city, methodically set downe. With a memoriall of those famouser acts of charity, which for publicke and pious vses have beene bestowed by many worshipfull citizens and benefactors. As also all the ancient and moderne monuments erected in the churches, not onely of those two famous cities, London and Westminster, but (now newly added) foure miles compasse. Begunne first by the paines and industry of Iohn Stovv, in the yeere 1598. Afterwards inlarged by the care and diligence of A.M. in the yeere 1618. And now completely finished by the study and labour of A.M. H.D. and others, this present yeere 1633. Whereunto, besides many additions (as appeares by the contents) are annexed divers alphabeticall tables; especially two: the first, an index of things. The second, a concordance of names. London: Printed by Elizabeth Purslovv for Nicholas Bourne, 1633. STC 23345. U of Victoria copy.
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Stow, John, The survey of London contayning the originall, increase, moderne estate, and government of that city, methodically set downe. With a memoriall of those famouser acts of charity, which for publicke and pious vses have beene bestowed by many worshipfull citizens and benefactors. As also all the ancient and moderne monuments erected in the churches, not onely of those two famous cities, London and Westminster, but (now newly added) foure miles compasse. Begunne first by the paines and industry of Iohn Stovv, in the yeere 1598. Afterwards inlarged by the care and diligence of A.M. in the yeere 1618. And now completely finished by the study and labour of A.M. H.D. and others, this present yeere 1633. Whereunto, besides many additions (as appeares by the contents) are annexed divers alphabeticall tables; especially two: the first, an index of things. The second, a concordance of names. London: Printed by Elizabeth Purslovv [i.e., Purslow] for Nicholas Bourne, 1633. STC 23345.
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Stow, John. A Survey of London. Reprinted from the Text of 1603. Ed. Charles Lethbridge Kingsford. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1908. Remediated by British History Online. [Kingsford edition, courtesy of The Centre for Metropolitan History. Articles written after 2011 cite from this searchable transcription.]
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Stow, John. A Survey of London. Reprinted from the Text of 1603. Ed. Charles Lethbridge Kingsford. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1908. See also the digital transcription of this edition at British History Online.
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Stow, John. A SVRVAY OF LONDON. Contayning the Originall, Antiquity, Increase, Moderne estate, and description of that Citie, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow Citizen of London. Also an Apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that Citie, the greatnesse thereof. With an Appendix, containing in Latine, Libellum de situ &nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. 23341. Transcribed by EEBO-TCP.
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Stow, John. A SVRVAY OF LONDON. Contayning the Originall, Antiquity, Increase, Moderne estate, and description of that Citie, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow Citizen of London. Also an Apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that Citie, the greatnesse thereof. With an Appendix, containing in Latine, Libellum de situ & nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. Ed. Janelle Jenstad and the MoEML Team. MoEML. Transcribed.
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Stow, John. A SVRVAY OF LONDON. Contayning the Originall, Antiquity, Increase, Moderne estate, and description of that Citie, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow Citizen of London. Also an Apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that Citie, the greatnesse thereof. With an Appendix, containing in Latine, Libellum de situ &nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. Folger Shakespeare Library.
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Stow, John. A SVRVAY OF LONDON. Contayning the Originall, Antiquity, Increase, Moderne estate, and description of that Citie, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow Citizen of London. Also an Apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that Citie, the greatnesse thereof. With an Appendix, containing in Latine, Libellum de situ &nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. London: John Windet for John Wolfe, 1598. STC 23341.
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Stow, John. A SVRVAY OF LONDON. Coteyning the Originall, Antiquity, Increaſe, Moderne eſtate, and deſcription of that City, written in the yeare 1598, by Iohn Stow Citizen of London. Since by the ſame Author increaſed with diuers rare notes of Antiquity, and publiſhed in the yeare, 1603. Alſo an Apologie (or defence) againſt the opinion of ſome men, concerning that Citie, the greatneſſe thereof. With an Appendix, contayning in Latine Libellum de ſitu & nobilitae Londini: Writen by William Fitzſtephen, in the raigne of Henry the ſecond. London: John Windet, 1603. U of Victoria copy. Print.
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Strype, John, John Stow, Anthony Munday, and Humphrey Dyson. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster. Vol. 2. London, 1720. Remediated by The Making of the Modern World.
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Strype, John, John Stow. A SURVEY OF THE CITIES OF LONDON and WESTMINSTER, And the Borough of SOUTHWARK. CONTAINING The Original, Antiquity, Increase, present State and Government of those CITIES. Written at first in the Year 1698, By John Stow, Citizen and Native of London. Corrected, Improved, and very much Enlarged, in the Year 1720, By JOHN STRYPE, M.A. A NATIVE ALSO OF THE SAID CITY. The Survey and History brought down to the present Time BY CAREFUL HANDS. Illustrated with exact Maps of the City and Suburbs, and of all the Wards; and, likewise, of the Out-Parishes of London and Westminster, and the Country ten Miles round London. Together with many fair Draughts of the most Eminent Buildings. The Life of the Author, written by Mr. Strype, is prefixed; And, at the End is added, an APPENDIX Of certain Tracts, Discourses, and Remarks on the State of the City of London. 6th ed. 2 vols. London: Printed for W. Innys and J. Richardson, J. and P. Knapton, and S. Birt, R. Ware, T. and T. Longman, and seven others, 1754–1755. ESTC T150145.
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Strype, John, John Stow. A survey of the cities of London and Westminster: containing the original, antiquity, increase, modern estate and government of those cities. Written at first in the year MDXCVIII. By John Stow, citizen and native of London. Since reprinted and augmented by A.M. H.D. and other. Now lastly, corrected, improved, and very much enlarged: and the survey and history brought down from the year 1633, (being near fourscore years since it was last printed) to the present time; by John Strype, M.A. a native also of the said city. Illustrated with exact maps of the city and suburbs, and of all the wards; and likewise of the out-parishes of London and Westminster: together with many other fair draughts of the more eminent and publick edifices and monuments. In six books. To which is prefixed, the life of the author, writ by the editor. At the end is added, an appendiz of certain tracts, discourses and remarks, concerning the state of the city of London. Together with a perambulation, or circuit-walk four or five miles round about London, to the parish churches: describing the monuments of the dead there interred: with other antiquities observable in those places. And concluding with a second appendix, as a supply and review: and a large index of the whole work. 2 vols. London : Printed for A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. ESTC T48975.
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The Tower and St. Catherins Taken from the Last Survey with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. H4v and sig. I1r. [See more information about this map.] -
Wheatley, Henry Benjamin.
Introduction.
A Survey of London. 1603. By John Stow. London: J.M. Dent and Sons, 1912. Print.
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William I
William This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 1I King of England the Conqueror
(b. between 1027 and 1028, d. 1087)William I is mentioned in the following documents:
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William II
William King of England Rufus This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 2II
(b. 1060, d. 1100)King of England 1087-1100.William II is mentioned in the following documents:
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John Windet is mentioned in the following documents:
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John Wolfe is mentioned in the following documents:
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Thomas of Woodstock is mentioned in the following documents:
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Richard of York is mentioned in the following documents:
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Anne of Bohemia
Anne Queen consort of England
(b. 1366, d. 1394)Queen consort of England 1382-1394. Wife of Richard II. Daughter of Charles IV of Bohemia. Sister of Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia. Buried at Westminster Abbey.Anne of Bohemia is mentioned in the following documents:
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Robert Fabian
(d. 1513)Sheriff of London 1493-1494. Member of the Drapers’ Company. Husband of Elizabeth Peak. Buried at St. Michael, Cornhill.Robert Fabian is mentioned in the following documents:
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Charles IV of Bohemia
Charles This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 54IV Holy Roman Emperor King of Bohemia King of the Romans
(b. 14 May 1316, d. 29 November 1378)King of Bohemia and the Romans 1346–1378. Holy Roman Emperor 1355–1378. Father of Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia and Anne of Bohemia.Charles IV of Bohemia is mentioned in the following documents:
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William of Malmesbury is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir Aubrey de Vere is mentioned in the following documents:
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Plato is mentioned in the following documents:
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Thomas Clifford
Chronicler.Thomas Clifford is mentioned in the following documents:
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Thomas fitz-Thomas
Thomas fitz-Thomas Mayor
Mayor of London 1261-1265. Member of the Drapers’ Company.Thomas fitz-Thomas is mentioned in the following documents:
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Romulus is mentioned in the following documents:
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Richard Neville
Richard Neville the Kingmaker
(b. 1428, d. 1471)Sixteenth Earl of Warwick and Sixth Earl of Salisbury. Son of Richard Neville.Richard Neville is mentioned in the following documents:
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Richard Neville is mentioned in the following documents:
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William Patten is mentioned in the following documents:
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Thomas Holland
(b. 1350, d. 25 April 1397)Fifth Earl of Kent. Father of Thomas Holland. Not to be confused with Thomas Holland.Thomas Holland is mentioned in the following documents:
Locations
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Cook’s Row is mentioned in the following documents:
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Thames Street
Thames Street was the longest street in early modern London, running east-west from the ditch around the Tower of London in the east to St. Andrew’s Hill and Puddle Wharf in the west, almost the complete span of the city within the walls.Thames Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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London is mentioned in the following documents:
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Smithfield
Smithfield was an open, grassy area located outside the Wall. Because of its location close to the city centre, Smithfield was used as a site for markets, tournaments, and public executions. From 1123 to 1855, the Bartholomew’s Fair took place at Smithfield (Weinreb, Hibbert, Keay, and Keay 842).Smithfield is mentioned in the following documents:
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Cheapside Market
In the middle ages, Westcheap was the main market west of Walbrook, so called to distinguish it from Eastcheap, the market in the east. By Stow’s time, the term Westcheap had fallen out of use in place of Cheapside Market. Stow himself, however, continued to use the term to distinguish the western end of Cheapside Street.Cheapside Market is mentioned in the following documents:
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London Bridge
As the only bridge in London crossing the Thames until 1729, London Bridge was a focal point of the city. After its conversion from wood to stone, completed in 1209, the bridge housed a variety of structures, including a chapel and a growing number of shops. The bridge was famous for the cityʼs grisly practice of displaying traitorsʼ heads on poles above its gatehouses. Despite burning down multiple times, London Bridge was one of the few structures not entirely destroyed by the Great Fire of London in 1666.London Bridge is mentioned in the following documents:
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Gutter Lane
Gutter Lane ran north-south from Cheapside to Maiden Lane (Wood Street). It is to the west of Wood Street and to the east of Foster Lane, lying within the north-eastern most area of Farringdon Ward Within and serving as a boundary to Aldersgate ward. It is labelled asGoutter Lane
on the Agas map.Gutter Lane is mentioned in the following documents:
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Old Change is mentioned in the following documents:
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Soper Lane
Soper Lane was located in the Cordwainers Street Ward just west of Walbrook Street and south of Cheapside Street. Soper Lane was home to many of the soap makers and shoemakers of the city (Stow 1:251). Soper Lane was on the processional route for the lord mayor’s shows.Soper Lane is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bucklersbury is mentioned in the following documents:
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Lombard Street
Lombard Street was known by early modern Londoners as a place of commerce and trade. Running east to west from Gracechurch Street to Poultry, Lombard Street bordered Langbourn Ward, Walbrook Ward, Bridge Within Ward, and Candlewick Street Ward.Lombard Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Cornhill
Cornhill was a significant thoroughfare and was part of the cityʼs main major east-west thoroughfare that divided the northern half of London from the southern half. The part of this thoroughfare named Cornhill extended from St. Andrew Undershaft to the three-way intersection of Threadneedle, Poultry, and Cornhill where the Royal Exchange was built. The nameCornhill
preserves a memory both of the cornmarket that took place in this street, and of the topography of the site upon which the Roman city of Londinium was built.Note: Cornhill and Cornhill Ward are nearly synonymous in terms of location and nomenclature - thus, it can be a challenge to tell one from the other. Topographical decisions have been made to the best of our knowledge and ability.Cornhill is mentioned in the following documents:
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Old Fish Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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New Fish Street
New Fish Street (also known in the seventeenth century as Bridge Street) ran north-south from London Bridge at the south to the intersection of Eastcheap, Gracechurch Street, and Little Eastcheap in the north (Harben 432; BHO). At the time, it was the main thoroughfare to London Bridge (Sugden 191). It ran on the boundary between Bridge Within Ward on the west and Billingsgate Ward on the east. It is labelled on the Agas map asNew Fyſhe ſtreate.
Variant spellings includeStreet of London Bridge,
Brigestret,
Brugestret,
andNewfishstrete
(Harben 432; BHO).New Fish Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Candlewick Street
Candlewick, Candlewright, or, later, Cannon Street, ran east-west from Walbrook Street in the west to the beginning of Eastcheap at its eastern terminus. Candlewick Street became Eastcheap somewhere around St. Clements Lane, and led into a great meat market (Stow 1:217). Together with streets such as Budge Row, Watling Street, and Tower Street, which all joined into each other, Candlewick Street formed the main east-west road through London between Ludgate and Posterngate.Candlewick Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Watling Street
Watling Street ran east-west between St. Sythes Lane in Cordwainer Street Ward and Old Change in Bread Street Ward. It is visible on the Agas map under the labelWatlinge ſtreat.
Stow records that the street is also commonly known asNoble Street
(Stow 1598, sig. O4v). This should not lead to confusion with Noble Street in Aldersgate Ward. There is an etymological explanation for this crossover of names. According to Ekwall, the nameWatling
ultimately derives from an Old English word meaningking’s son
(Ekwall 81-82). Watling Street remains distinct from the Noble Street in Aldersgate Ward.Watling Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Mary Axe
The church of St. Mary Axe was a church on the west side of St. Mary Axe Street in Lime Street Ward. Stow asserts the church’s full name and dedication wasS. Marie the virgine, Saint Vrsula, and the 11000. Virgins
and believed that its common name, St. Mary Axe, derived from a sign near the church’s east side (Stow). However, a document written during the reign of Henry VIII suggests a different history of its name. The church, dedicated to 11,000 martyred virgins, supposedly contained the three axes that were used in their executions (Harben).St. Mary Axe is mentioned in the following documents:
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Budge Row
Budge Row ran east-west through Cordwainer Street Ward. It passed through the ward from Soper Lane in the west to Walbrook Street in the east. Beyond Soper Lane, Budge Row became Watling Street. Before it came to be known as Budge Row, it once formed part of Watling Street, one of the Roman roads (Weinreb and Hibbert 107).Budge Row is mentioned in the following documents:
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Walbrook Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Knightrider Street
Knightrider Street ran east-west from Dowgate Street to Addle Hill, crossing College Hill, Garlick Hill, Trinity Lane, Huggin Lane, Bread Street, Old Fish Street Hill, Lambert or Lambeth Hill, St. Peter’s Hill, and Paul’s Chain. Significant landmarks included: the College of Physicians and Doctors’ Commons.Knightrider Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Ironmonger Lane
Ironmonger Lane, located directly north of Eastcheap in Cheap Ward, ran north-south between Cateaton Street and Cheapside Street. The lane’s name has undergone a number of spelling changes over the years—on the Agas map, it is labelled asIremonger lane,
but it has also been written asIsmonger Lane,
Ismongeres Lane,
orYsmongeres Lane,
with records of the last spelling dating back to 1213 (Harben).Ironmonger Lane is mentioned in the following documents:
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Old Jewry
Old Jewry ran north-south between Lothbury and Poultry and was located in Cheap Ward and Coleman Street Ward. The street was named for being one of the places where Jews inhabited in London before Edward I expelled the entire Jewish population from England in 1290 (Harben).Old Jewry is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Vintry is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Thames
Perhaps more than any other geophysical feature, the Thames river has directly affected London’s growth and rise to prominence; historically, the city’s economic, political, and military importance was dependent on its riverine location. As a tidal river, connected to the North Sea, the Thames allowed for transportation to and from the outside world; and, as the longest river in England, bordering on nine counties, it linked London to the country’s interior. Indeed, without the Thames, London would not exist as one of Europe’s most influential cities. The Thames, however, is notable for its dichotomous nature: it is both a natural phenomenon and a cultural construct; it lives in geological time but has been the measure of human history; and the city was built around the river, but the river has been reshaped by the city and its inhabitants.The Thames is mentioned in the following documents:
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Eastcheap
Eastcheap Street ran east-west, from Tower Street to St. Martin’s Lane. West of New Fish Street/Gracechurch Street, Eastcheap was known asGreat Eastcheap.
The portion of the street to the east of New Fish Street/Gracechurch Street was known asLittle Eastcheap.
Eastcheap (Eschepe or Excheapp) was the site of a medieval food market.Eastcheap is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Nicholas Shambles is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bow Lane
Bow Lane ran north-south between Cheapside Street and Old Fish Street in the ward of Cordwainer Street. At Watling Street, it became Cordwainer Street, and at Old Fish Street it became Garlick Hill. Garlick Hill-Bow Lane was built in the 890s to provide access from the port of Queenhithe to the great market of Cheapside Street (Sheppard 70–71).Bow Lane is mentioned in the following documents:
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Cordwainer Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Mary Le Bow is mentioned in the following documents:
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Birchin Lane
Birchin Lane was a short street running north-south between Cornhill Street and Lombard Street. The north end of Birchin Lane lay in Cornhill Ward, and the south end in Langbourne Ward.Birchin Lane is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Martin’s Lane (le Grand)
St. Martin’s Lane (le Grand) ran north-south between St. Anne’s Lane and Cheapside Street and was located at the western edge of Aldersgate Ward. The street takes its name from the church of St. Martin’s le Grand located to the east of the street. This portion of the Agas map is labelledS. Martins
referring to either or both the church and the street. This street is not to be confused with St. Martin’s Lane (Strand) or St. Martin’s Lane (Bridge Within Ward).St. Martin’s Lane (le Grand) is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Wall
Originally built as a Roman fortification for the provincial city of Londinium in the second century C.E., the London Wall remained a material and spatial boundary for the city throughout the early modern period. Described by Stow ashigh and great
(Stow 1:8), the London Wall dominated the cityscape and spatial imaginations of Londoners for centuries. Increasingly, the eighteen-foot high wall created a pressurized constraint on the growing city; the various gates functioned as relief valves where development spilled out to occupy spacesoutside the wall.
The Wall is mentioned in the following documents:
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Moorgate
Moorgate was one of the major gates in the Wall of London (Sugden). It was situated in the northern part of the Wall, flanked by Cripplegate and Bishopsgate. Clearly labelled asMore Gate
on the Agas map, it stood near the intersection of London Wall street and Coleman Street (Sugden; Stow 1598, sig. C6v). It adjoined Bethlehem Hospital, and the road through it led into Finsbury Field (Rocque) and Mallow Field.Moorgate is mentioned in the following documents:
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Lothbury is mentioned in the following documents:
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Poultry is mentioned in the following documents:
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Stocks Market
The Stocks Market was a significant market forfish and flesh
in early modern London, located south of Poultry, north of Bucklersbury, and west of Walbrook Street in Cornhill Ward (Weinreb, Hibbert, Keay, and Keay 879). The building of the Stocks Market was commissioned by Henry le Wales in 1283 and, according to the editors of The London Encyclopedia, is named after thethe only fixed pair of stocks in the city
(Weinreb, Hibbert, Keay, and Keay 879). It was destroyed in the Great Fire, rebuilt, and then replaced in 1739 by the Mansion House, which is the official residence of the Lord Mayor of London.Stocks Market is mentioned in the following documents:
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Great Conduit (Cheapside)
The Great Conduit in Westcheap, which began construction in 1245, conveyed fresh water to London. It carried the water supply from Tyburn to Cheapside Street in London, passing through Constitution Hill, the Mews at Charing Cross, the Strand, and Fleet Street on the way (Harben). It was fifty years in the making, and its completion was celebratedin triumphall manner
(Stow 1633, sig. C1r).Great Conduit (Cheapside) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Gracechurch Street
Gracechurch Street ran north-south from Cornhill Street near Leadenhall Market to the bridge. At the southern end, it was calledNew Fish Street.
North of Cornhill, Gracechurch continued as Bishopsgate Street, leading through Bishop’s Gate out of the walled city into the suburb of Shoreditch.Gracechurch Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bowyer Row
Bowyer Row, according to Harben, ran east-west from Creed Lane to Ludgate (Harben). It was the unofficial yet descriptive name given to a section of Ludgate Street by early modern Londoners,so called of bowiers dwelling there in old time
(Stow 1598, sig. T1v).Bowyer Row is mentioned in the following documents:
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Ludgate
Located in Farringdon Within Ward, Ludgate was a gate built by the Romans (Carlin and Belcher 80). Stow asserts that Ludgate was constructed by King Lud who named the gate after himselffor his owne honor
(Stow 1:1).Ludgate is mentioned in the following documents:
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Paternoster Row is mentioned in the following documents:
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Stationers’ Hall (St. Paul’s)
Beginning in 1554 until 1611, The Stationers’ Hall near St. Peter’s College Rents functioned as the second headquarters for the Stationers’ Company, following their occupation of the Stationer’s Hall (Milk Street) and preceding their occupation of the Avergabenny House on Wood Street starting in 1611. The hall was located near St. Paul’s Cathedral and was just north of the The Deanery, adjacent to the courtyard and St. Peter’s College Rents. According to Cyprian Blagden,[A] good deal of money was spent to make [the building] suitable for its new functions,
but the move gave the Stationers’ Company an appropriate locationin the very centre of the area which for so long was associated with the buying and selling of books
(Blagden 19).Stationers’ Hall (St. Paul’s) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Rodd Lane is mentioned in the following documents:
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Cheapside Street
Cheapside Street, one of the most important streets in early modern London, ran east-west between the Great Conduit at the foot of Old Jewry to the Little Conduit by St. Paul’s churchyard. The terminus of all the northbound streets from the river, the broad expanse of Cheapside Street separated the northern wards from the southern wards. It was lined with buildings three, four, and even five stories tall, whose shopfronts were open to the light and set out with attractive displays of luxury commodities (Weinreb and Hibbert 148). Cheapside Street was the centre of London’s wealth, with many mercers’ and goldsmiths’ shops located there. It was also the most sacred stretch of the processional route, being traced both by the linear east-west route of a royal entry and by the circular route of the annual mayoral procession.Cheapside Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Westminster Abbey
Westminster Abbey was and continues to be a historically significant church. One of its many notable features isPoets’ Corner.
Located in the south transept of the church, it is the final resting place of Geoffrey Chaucer, Ben Jonson, Francis Beaumont, and many other notable authors; in 1740, a monument for William Shakespeare was erected in Westminster Abbey (ShaLT). The church is located on the bottom-left corner of the Agas map.Westminster Abbey is mentioned in the following documents:
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Tyburn
Tyburn is best known as the location of the principal gallows where public executions were carried out from the late twelfth century until the eighteenth (Drouillard, Wikipedia). It was a village to the west of the city, near the present-day location of Marble Arch (beyond the boundary of the Agas Map). Its name derives from a stream, and its significance to Stow was primarily as one of the sources of piped water for the city; he describes howIn the yeare 1401. this priſon houſe called the Tunne was made a Ceſterne for ſweete water conueyed by pipes of Leade frõ the towne of Tyborne, and was from thence forth called the conduite vpon Cornhill Gap in transcription. Reason: Editorial omission for reasons of length or relevance. Use only in quotations in born-digital documents.[…] (Stow 1598, sig. L3r)
.Tyburn is mentioned in the following documents:
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Tower of London is mentioned in the following documents:
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PLACEHOLDER LOCATION
PLACEHOLDER LOCATION ITEM. The purpose of this item is to allow encoders to link to a location item when they cannot add a new location file for some reason. MoEML may still be seeking information regarding this entry. If you have information to contribute, please contact the MoEML team.PLACEHOLDER LOCATION is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Herber
The Herber wasa mansion on the east side of Dowgate Street, near to the church of St. Mary Bothaw
(Harben). The derivation of the name is uncertain but Prideaux suggests it is derived fromArbour
while Lappenburg suggests the Frencherbois
orGrasplatz
which means garden (qtd. in Harben). Richard Neville, the Fifth Earl of Salisbury, was lodged there at the beginning of the War of the Roses in 1457 (Harben; Stow 1598, sig. F1v). According to Stow, the Herber was later inhabited by Sir Francis Drake (Stow 1633, sig. Y5r). In modern London, a portion of Canon Street Station stands on the original site (Harben).The Herber is mentioned in the following documents:
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Baynard’s Castle
Located on the banks of the Thames, Baynard’s Castle was built sometime in the late eleventh centuryby Baynard, a Norman who came over with William the Conqueror
(Weinreb and Hibbert 129). The castle passed to Baynard’s heirs until one William Baynard,who by forfeyture for fellonie, lost his Baronie of little Dunmow
(Stow 1:61). From the time it was built, Baynard’s Castle wasthe headquarters of London’s army until the reign of Edward I
when it washanded over to the Dominican Friars, the Blackfriars whose name is still commemorated along that part of the waterfront
(Hibbert 10).Baynard’s Castle is mentioned in the following documents:
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Warwick Lane
Warwick Lane or Eldenese Lane ran north-south from Newgate Street to Paternoster Row. Its name is derived from Warwick’s Inn, a structure built by one of the Earls of Warwick about the 28th year of Henry VI’s reign (Stow 1633, sig. 2L2v).Warwick Lane is mentioned in the following documents:
Organizations
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Mercers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Mercers
The Mercers’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London. The Mercers were first in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Mercers is still active and maintains a website at https://www.mercers.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Grocers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Grocers
The Grocers’ Company (previously the Pepperers’ Company) was one of the twelve great companies of London. The Grocers were second in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Grocers is still active and maintains a website at https://grocershall.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Drapers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Drapers
The Drapers’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London. The Drapers were third in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Drapers is still active and maintains a website at https://www.thedrapers.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company and bibliography.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Fishmongers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Fishmongers
The Fishmongers’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London, formed in 1536 out of the merger of the Stock Fishmongers and the Salt Fishmongers. The Fishmongers were fourth in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Fishmongers is still active and maintains a website at https://fishmongers.org.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Goldsmiths’ Company
Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths
The Goldsmiths’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London. The Goldsmiths were fifth in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths is still active and maintains a website at https://www.thegoldsmiths.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company and explains the company’s role in the annual Trial of the Pyx.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Skinners’ Company
Worshipful Company of Skinners
The Skinners’ Company (previously the Fraternity of Taylors and Linen Armourers of St. John the Baptist) was one of the twelve great companies of London. Since 1484, the Skinners and the Merchant Taylors have alternated precedence annually; the Skinners are now sixth in precedence in even years and seventh in odd years, changing precedence at Easter. The Worshipful Company of Skinners is still active and maintains a website at http://www.theskinnerscompany.org.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Merchant Taylors’ Company
Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors
The Merchant Taylors’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London. Since 1484, the Merchant Taylors and the Skinners have alternated precedence annually; the Merchant Taylors are now sixth in precedence in odd years and seventh in even years, changing precedence at Easter. The Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors is still active and maintains a website at http://www.merchanttaylors.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company and a list of historical milestones.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Haberdashers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Haberdashers
The Haberdashers’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London. The Haberdashers were eighth in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Haberdashers is still active and maintains a website at http://www.haberdashers.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company and history of their hall.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Ironmongers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Ironmongers
The Ironmongers’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London. The Ironmongers were tenth in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Ironmongers is still active and maintains a website at http://www.ironmongers.org/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Vintners’ Company
Worshipful Company of Vintners
The Vintners’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London. The Vintners were eleventh in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Vintners is still active and maintains a website at https://www.vintnershall.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bowyers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Bowyers
The Bowyers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Bowyers is still active and maintains a website at https://www.bowyers.com/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Brewers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Brewers
The Brewers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Brewers is still active and maintains a website at https://www.brewershall.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Butchers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Butchers
The Butchers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Butchers is still active and maintains a website at https://www.butchershall.com/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Cooks’ Company
Worshipful Company of Cooks
The Cooks’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Cooks is still active and maintains a website at https://www.cooks.org.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Cordwainers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Cordwainers
The Cordwainers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Cordwainers is still active and maintains a website at http://cordwainers.org/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Curriers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Curriers
The Curriers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Curriers is still active and maintains a website at https://www.curriers.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Founders’ Company
Worshipful Company of Founders
The Founders’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Founders is still active and maintains a website at https://www.foundersco.org.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Fletchers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Fletchers
The Fletchers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Fletchers is still active and maintains a website at https://www.fletchers.org.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Poulters’ Company
Worshipful Company of Poulters
The Poulters’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Poulters is still active and maintains a website at https://poulters.org.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Parliament of England
The Parliament of England was a legislative branch of the Kingdom of England, founded by William the Conquerer in 1066.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Pepperers’ Company
The Pepperers’ Company was the precursor of the Grocers’ Company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Stock Fishmongers’ Company
The Stock Fishmongers’ Company was the precursor of the Fishmongers’ Company, into which it merged with the Salt Fishmongers’ Company in 1536.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Roles played in the project
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First Encoders
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Transcriber
This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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The MoEML Team
These are all MoEML team members since 1999 to present. To see the current members and structure of our team, seeTeam.
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Former Student Contributors
We’d also like to acknowledge students who contributed to MoEML’s intranet predecessor at the University of Windsor between 1999 and 2003. When we redeveloped MoEML for the Internet in 2006, we were not able to include all of the student projects that had been written for courses in Shakespeare, Renaissance Drama, and/or Writing Hypertext. Nonetheless, these students contributed materially to the conceptual development of the project.
Roles played in the project
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Author
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Data Manager
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Researcher
Contributions by this author
This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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University of Victoria
The University of Victoria, writ large. Located in Victoria, BC, Canada. Website.This organization is mentioned in the following documents: