Portsoken Ward
¶Introduction
Portsoken Ward is east of Tower Street Ward and Aldgate Ward and is located outside the Wall. This ward was once called Knighten Guild, so named because the land which it encompasses was originally given to thirteen
knights or soldiers who were the first members of the Knighten Guild, an order of chivalry founded by Edgar the Peaceful for valuable knights in his service. As the OED notes,
portsokenrefers to
the district outside a city or borough, over which its jurisdiction extends(OED portsoken, 1). It follows that this ward, one of the twenty-six wards of London and located outside of the Wall, was later known as Portsoken Ward. Portsoken Ward’s eastern boundary runs off the eastern border of the Agas map; thus, our boundaries do not represent the ward in its entirety.
¶Links to Chapters in the Survey of London
-
1603 (see below for excerpt)
-
1618 (forthcoming)
¶1603 Description of Ward Boundaries
The following diplomatic transcription of the opening paragraph(s) of the 1603 chapter
on this ward will eventually be subsumed into the MoEML edition of the 1603 Survey.1 Each ward chapter opens with a narrative circumnavigation of the ward—a verbal
beating of the boundsthat MoEML first transcribed in 2004 and later used to facilitate the drawing of approximate ward boundaries on our edition of the Agas map. Source: John Stow, A Survey of London (London, 1603; STC #23343).
This Portſoken, which ſoundeth the
franchiſe at the gate, was ſometime a Guild, and had beginning in the dayes
of king Edgar, more then 600. yeares
ſince, there were thirteene Knights, or Soldiers welbeloued to the king and
realme, for ſeruice by them done, which requeſted to haue a certaine portion
of land on the Eaſt part of the Citie, left deſolate and forſaken by the
Inhabitants, by reaſon of too much ſeruitude. They beſought the king to haue
this land, with the libertie of a Guilde for euer: the king granted to their
requeſt with conditions following: that is, that each of them ſhould
victoriouſly accompliſh three combates, one aboue the ground, one vnder
ground, and the third in the water, and after this at a certaine day in Eaſt Smithfield, they ſhould run with
Speares againſt all commers, all which was gloriouſly performed: and the
ſame day the king named it knighten Guild, & ſo bounded it, from
Ealdgate to the place where the
bars2 now are toward the eaſt, on both the ſides of the ſtreete, and extended
it towards Biſhopſgate in the North,
vnto the houſe then of VVilliam
Presbiter, after of Giffrey
Tanner, and then of the heyres of Coluer, after that of Iohn Eaſeby, but ſince of the Lord
Bourchier, &c. And againe towardes the South unto the riuer of
Thames, and ſo farre into the water, as a horſeman entering the ſame, may
ride at a low water, and throw his ſpeare: ſo that all Eaſt Smithfield, with the right part of
the ſtreete that goeth to Dodding Pond into the Thames, and alſo the Hoſpitall of Saint Katherins, with
the Mils, that were founded in king
Stephens dayes, and the outward ſtone wall, and the new ditch of the
Tower are of the ſaid Fee and
Libertie: for the ſaide wall and ditch of the Tower, were made in the time of king Richard, when he was in the holy land, by VVilliam Longſhampe Biſhop of Ely, as
before I have noted vnto you. Theſe knightes had as then none other Charter
by all the dayes of Edgar, Ethelred, and Cnutus, vntill the time of Edward the Confeſſor, whom the heires of thoſe
knights humblie beſought to confirme their liberties, whereunto he
graciouſly graunting, gaue them a deede thereof, as appeareth in the booke
of the late houſe of the holy Trinitie. The ſaid Charter is faire written in
the Saxon letter and tongue. After this king
William the ſonne of VVilliam the
Conqueror, made a confirmation of the ſame liberties, vnto the
heyres of thoſe knights in theſe wordes. William king of England to Maurice Biſhop, and Godffrey de
Magum, and Richard de Parre, and to his faithfull people of London,
greeting: know yee mee to haue granted to the men of Knighten Guilde, the
Guilde that belonged to them, and the land that belonged thereunto, with all
Cuſtomes, as they had the ſame in the time of king Edward, and my father. Witneſſe Hugh de Buche:
at Rething. After him, king Henry the
firſt confirmed the ſame by his Charter, to the like effect, the
recitall whereof, I pretermit for breuitie. After which time, the Church of
the holy Trinitie within Ealdgate of
London, being founded by Queene
Matilde, wife to the ſaide Henrie, the multitude of brethren prayſing God day and night
therein, in ſhort time ſo increaſed, that all the Citie was delighted in the
beholding of them: inſomuch that in the yeare 1115. certaine Burgeſſes of London, of the progenie
of thoſe Noble Engliſh knights to wit Radulphus Fitzalgod, WiThis text has been supplied. Reason: The ink has faded, obscuring the text. Evidence:
The text has been supplied based on an external source. (JZ)lmarde le
Deuereſhe, Orgare le Prude, Edward Hupcornehill, Blackſtanus, and Alwine his
kinſman, and Robert his brother, the ſonnes of Leafſtanus the Goldſmith,
Wiſo his ſonne, Hugh Fitzvulgar, Algare Secuſme, coming togither into the
Chapter houſe of the ſaid Church of the holy Trinitie, gaue to the ſame
Church and Canons ſeruing God therein, all the lands and ſoke called in
Engliſh Knighten Guilde, which lieth to the wall of the Citie, without the
ſame gate, and ſtretcheth to the riuer of Thames, they gaue it, I ſay,
taking vpon them the Brotherhoode and participation of the benefites of that
houſe, by the handes of Prior Norman. And the better to confirme this their
graunt, they offered upon the Altar there, the Charter of Edward, togither
with the other Charters, which they had thereof: and afterward they did put
the foreſayd Prior in ſeiſine thereof, by the Church of Saint BThis text has been supplied. Reason: The ink has faded, obscuring the text. Evidence:
The text has been supplied based on an external source. (JZ)uttolphes which is builded
thereon, and is the head of that land: Theſe things were thus done, before
Bernard Prior of Dunſtable, Iohn Prior of Derland, Geffrey Clinton
Chamberlaine, and many other Clarkes and Laymen, French and Engliſh, Orgar
le Prude (one of their Companie) was ſent to king Henrie, beſeeching him to confirme their gift, which the
king gladly granted by his deede. Henrie
king of England to R.B. of London, to the Shiriffes, and Prouoſt,
and to all his Barons, and faithfull people, French and Engliſh, of London,
and Middleſex, greeting. Know ye mee to haue graunted, and confirmed to the
Church and Canons of the holy Trinitie of London, the Soke of the Engliſh
knighten Guilde, and the land which pertaineth thereunto, and the Church of S. Buttolph, as the men of
the ſame Guilde haue giuen and granted vnto them: and I will and ſtraightly
commaund, that they may hold the ſame well and honourably and freely, with
ſacke and ſoke, toll, and Thea, infangthefe, and all cuſtoms belonging to
it, as the men of the ſame Guild in beſt ſort had the ſame in the time of
K. Edward, and as king VVilliam my father, and brother3
did grant it to them by their writs. Witneſſe A. the Queene,4 Geffrey Clinton the Chauncellor, and William of Clinton at Woodſtocke. All theſe
preſcribed writings (ſaieth my booke) which ſometime belonged to the Priorie of the holy Trinitie, are
regiſtred in the end of the booke of Remembrances, in the Guildhall of London, marked with the letter C. folio
134. The king ſent alſo his Shiriffes to wit, Aubery de Vere, and Roger nephew to Hubert, which
vpon his behalfe ſhould inueſt this church with the poſſeſſions hereof,
which the ſaid Shiriffes accompliſhed comming vpon the ground, Andrew
Bucheuite, and the forenamed witneſſes, and other ſtanding by,
notwithſtanding, Othowerus Acoliuillus Otto, and Geffrey Earle of Eſſex,
Conſtables of the Tower by
ſucceſſion, withheld by force a portion of the ſaid land, as I haue before
deliuered. The Prior and Chanons of the
holy Trinitie, being thus ſeiſed of the ſaid land and Soke of
knighten Guilde, a part of the Suburbe without the wall, (but within the
liberties of the Citie) the ſame Prior was for him, and his ſuceſſors,
admitted as one of the Aldermen of London, to gouerne the ſame land and
Soke: according to the cuſtomes of the Citie, he did ſit in Court and rode
with the Maior, and his Brethren the Aldermen, as one of them in Scarlet, or
other leuery, as they vſed, vntill the yeare 1531. at the which time, the ſaid Priory by the laſt
Prior there, was ſurrendred to king Henry
the eight, in the 23. of his raigne, who gaue this Prorie to ſir
Thomas Audley, knight, Lord Chauncellor of England, and he pulled downe the
Church. Sithens the which diſſolution of that houſe, the ſayde Ward of Portſoken, hath béene
gouerned by a temporall man, one of the Aldermen of London, elected by the
Citizens, as by the Aldermen of other wardes. Thus much for the out boundes of
Cnitten Guilde, or Portſoken Warde,
and for the antiquitie and gouernment thereof.
¶Note on Ward boundaries on Agas Map
Ward boundaries drawn on the Agas map are approximate. The Agas map does not lend
itself well to georeferencing or georectification, which means that we have not been
able to import the raster-based or vector-based shapes that have been generously offered
to us by other projects. We have therefore used our drawing tools to draw polygons
on the map surface that follow the lines traced verbally in the opening paragraph(s)
of each ward chapter in the Survey. Read more about the cartographic genres of the Agas map.
Notes
- The 1603 Survey is widely available in reprints of C.L. Kingsford’s two-volume 1908 edition (Kingsford) and also in the British History Online transcription of the Kingsford edition (BHO). MoEML is completing its editions of all four texts in the following order: 1598, 1633, 1618, and 1603. (JJ)↑
- I.e., Aldgate Bars (JZ)↑
- I.e., William II. (SM)↑
- I.e., Adeliza of Louvain. (MR)↑
References
-
Citation
Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford UP. https://www.oed.com/.This item is cited in the following documents:
-
Citation
Stow, John. A suruay of London· Conteyning the originall, antiquity, increase, moderne estate, and description of that city, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow citizen of London. Since by the same author increased, with diuers rare notes of antiquity, and published in the yeare, 1603. Also an apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that citie, the greatnesse thereof. VVith an appendix, contayning in Latine Libellum de situ & nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. London: John Windet, 1603. STC 23343. U of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign Campus) copy.This item is cited in the following documents:
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Citation
Stow, John. A Survey of London. Reprinted from the Text of 1603. Ed. Charles Lethbridge Kingsford. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1908. See also the digital transcription of this edition at British History Online.This item is cited in the following documents:
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Citation
Stow, John. A Survey of London. Reprinted from the Text of 1603. Ed. Charles Lethbridge Kingsford. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1908. Remediated by British History Online. [Kingsford edition, courtesy of The Centre for Metropolitan History. Articles written after 2011 cite from this searchable transcription.]This item is cited in the following documents:
Cite this page
MLA citation
Portsoken Ward.The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 7.0, edited by , U of Victoria, 05 May 2022, mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/PORT1.htm.
Chicago citation
Portsoken Ward.The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 7.0. Ed. . Victoria: University of Victoria. Accessed May 05, 2022. mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/PORT1.htm.
APA citation
The Map of Early Modern London (Edition 7.0). Victoria: University of Victoria. Retrieved from https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/editions/7.0/PORT1.htm.
2022. Portsoken Ward. In (Ed), RIS file (for RefMan, RefWorks, EndNote etc.)
Provider: University of Victoria Database: The Map of Early Modern London Content: text/plain; charset="utf-8" TY - ELEC A1 - Zabel, Jamie ED - Jenstad, Janelle T1 - Portsoken Ward T2 - The Map of Early Modern London ET - 7.0 PY - 2022 DA - 2022/05/05 CY - Victoria PB - University of Victoria LA - English UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/PORT1.htm UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/xml/standalone/PORT1.xml ER -
TEI citation
<bibl type="mla"><author><name ref="#ZABE1"><surname>Zabel</surname>, <forename>Jamie</forename></name></author>.
<title level="a">Portsoken Ward</title>. <title level="m">The Map of Early Modern
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<surname>Jenstad</surname></name></editor>, <publisher>U of Victoria</publisher>,
<date when="2022-05-05">05 May 2022</date>, <ref target="https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/PORT1.htm">mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/PORT1.htm</ref>.</bibl>
Personography
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Molly Rothwell
MR
Project Manager, 2022-present. Research Assistant, 2020-2022. Molly Rothwell was an undergraduate student at the University of Victoria, with a double major in English and History. During her time at MoEML, Molly primarily worked on encoding and transcribing the 1598 and 1633 editions of Stow’s Survey, adding toponyms to MoEML’s Gazetteer, researching England’s early-modern court system, and standardizing MoEML’s Mapography.Roles played in the project
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Making the RA Matter: Pedagogy, Interface, and Practices.
Making Things and Drawing Boundaries: Experiments in the Digital Humanities. Ed. Jentery Sayers. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 2018. Print.
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Kim McLean-Fiander
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Director of Pedagogy and Outreach, 2015–2020. Associate Project Director, 2015. Assistant Project Director, 2013-2014. MoEML Research Fellow, 2013. Kim McLean-Fiander comes to The Map of Early Modern London from the Cultures of Knowledge digital humanities project at the University of Oxford, where she was the editor of Early Modern Letters Online, an open-access union catalogue and editorial interface for correspondence from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. She is currently Co-Director of a sister project to EMLO called Women’s Early Modern Letters Online (WEMLO). In the past, she held an internship with the curator of manuscripts at the Folger Shakespeare Library, completed a doctorate at Oxford on paratext and early modern women writers, and worked a number of years for the Bodleian Libraries and as a freelance editor. She has a passion for rare books and manuscripts as social and material artifacts, and is interested in the development of digital resources that will improve access to these materials while ensuring their ongoing preservation and conservation. An avid traveler, Kim has always loved both London and maps, and so is particularly delighted to be able to bring her early modern scholarly expertise to bear on the MoEML project.Roles played in the project
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Making the RA Matter: Pedagogy, Interface, and Practices.
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Building a Gazetteer for Early Modern London, 1550-1650.
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The Silver Society Journal 10 (1998): 40–43.The Gouldesmythes Storehowse
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Lying-in Like a Countess: The Lisle Letters, the Cecil Family, and A Chaste Maid in Cheapside.
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Public Glory, Private Gilt: The Goldsmiths’ Company and the Spectacle of Punishment.
Institutional Culture in Early Modern Society. Ed. Anne Goldgar and Robert Frost. Leiden: Brill, 2004. 191–217. Print. -
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Smock Secrets: Birth and Women’s Mysteries on the Early Modern Stage.
Performing Maternity in Early Modern England. Ed. Katherine Moncrief and Kathryn McPherson. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007. 87–99. Print. -
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Using Early Modern Maps in Literary Studies: Views and Caveats from London.
GeoHumanities: Art, History, Text at the Edge of Place. Ed. Michael Dear, James Ketchum, Sarah Luria, and Doug Richardson. London: Routledge, 2011. Print. -
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Versioning John Stow’s A Survey of London, or, What’s New in 1618 and 1633?.
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Shakespeare, William. The Merchant of Venice. Ed. Janelle Jenstad. Internet Shakespeare Editions. U of Victoria. http://internetshakespeare.uvic.ca/Library/Texts/MV/.
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Stow, John. A SVRVAY OF LONDON. Contayning the Originall, Antiquity, Increase, Moderne estate, and description of that Citie, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow Citizen of London. Also an Apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that Citie, the greatnesse thereof. With an Appendix, containing in Latine, Libellum de situ & nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. Ed. Janelle Jenstad and the MoEML Team. MoEML. Transcribed.
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Martin D. Holmes
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Programmer at the University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre (HCMC). Martin ported the MOL project from its original PHP incarnation to a pure eXist database implementation in the fall of 2011. Since then, he has been lead programmer on the project and has also been responsible for maintaining the project schemas. He was a co-applicant on MoEML’s 2012 SSHRC Insight Grant.Roles played in the project
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Adeliza of Louvain is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir Thomas Audley
(b. between 1487 and 1488, d. 1544)First Baron Audley of Walden. Lord Chancellor of England 1533-1544. Husband of Elizabeth Audley. Father of Margaret Howard.Sir Thomas Audley is mentioned in the following documents:
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Richard de Belmeis I
Richard de Belmeis This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 1I Bishop of London
(d. 1127)Richard de Belmeis I is mentioned in the following documents:
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Nicholas Bourne is mentioned in the following documents:
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Geoffrey de Clinton
Geoffrey de Clinton Sheriff
(d. 1133)Sheriff of Warwick. Brother of William de Clinton.Geoffrey de Clinton is mentioned in the following documents:
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William de Clinton is mentioned in the following documents:
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Canute I is mentioned in the following documents:
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John de Esseby is mentioned in the following documents:
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Edgar the Peaceful
Edgar the Peaceful King of England
(b. between 943 and 944, d. 975)King of England 959-975.Edgar the Peaceful is mentioned in the following documents:
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Edward the Confessor
Edward the Confessor King of England
(b. between 1003 and 1005, d. between 4 January 1066 and 5 January 1066)Edward the Confessor is mentioned in the following documents:
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Æthelred II
Æthelred This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 2II King of the English the Unready
(b. between 966 and 968, d. 23 April 1016)King of the English 978-1013 and 1014-1016.Æthelred II is mentioned in the following documents:
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Henry VIII
Henry This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 8VIII King of England King of Ireland
(b. 28 June 1491, d. 28 January 1547)King of England and Ireland 1509-1547.Henry VIII is mentioned in the following documents:
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William de Longchamp
William de Longchamp Bishop of Ely
(d. 1197)Bishop of Ely 1189–1197. Chancellor of England.William de Longchamp is mentioned in the following documents:
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Matilda of Scotland is mentioned in the following documents:
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Maurice is mentioned in the following documents:
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William Presbiter is mentioned in the following documents:
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Geoffrey Tanner
Homeowner and tanner.Geoffrey Tanner is mentioned in the following documents:
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Aubrey de Vere
Aubrey de Vere Sheriff
(d. 1141)Sheriff of London. Portgrave of London during the reign of Henry I and Stephen I. Father of Aubrey de Vere. Buried at Austin Friars.Aubrey de Vere is mentioned in the following documents:
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William I
William This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 1I King of England the Conqueror
(b. between 1027 and 1028, d. 1087)William I is mentioned in the following documents:
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William II
William King of England Rufus This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 2II
(b. 1060, d. 1100)King of England 1087-1100.William II is mentioned in the following documents:
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Andrew Buchevite
Provost during the reign of Stephen I.Andrew Buchevite is mentioned in the following documents:
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Acliuillus
Constable of the Tower of London.Acliuillus is mentioned in the following documents:
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Alwine
Member of the Knighten Guild.Alwine is mentioned in the following documents:
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Algare Secusme is mentioned in the following documents:
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Mr. Bernard is mentioned in the following documents:
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Blackstanus
Member of the Knighten Guild.Blackstanus is mentioned in the following documents:
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Mr. Colver is mentioned in the following documents:
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Edward Hupcornehill is mentioned in the following documents:
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Godfrey de Magum is mentioned in the following documents:
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Hugh de Buche is mentioned in the following documents:
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Hugh fitz-Vulgar is mentioned in the following documents:
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Mr. Hubert is mentioned in the following documents:
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Mr. John is mentioned in the following documents:
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Leafstanus
Magistrate of London. Provost of London during the reign of Henry I. Member of the Goldsmiths’ Company and Knighten Guild.Leafstanus is mentioned in the following documents:
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Orgare le Prude is mentioned in the following documents:
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Hugh fitz-Otho
Constable of the Tower of London. Possibly the same person as Hugh fitz-Otho.Hugh fitz-Otho is mentioned in the following documents:
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Othowerus
Constable of the Tower of London.Othowerus is mentioned in the following documents:
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Radulphus fitz-Agod is mentioned in the following documents:
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Mr. Robert is mentioned in the following documents:
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Mr. Roger is mentioned in the following documents:
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Richard de Parr is mentioned in the following documents:
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Wilmarde le Deuereshe is mentioned in the following documents:
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Mr. Wizo is mentioned in the following documents:
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Geoffrey de Mandeville
Geoffrey de Mandeville Sheriff
(d. 26 September 1144)First Earl of Essex. Portgrave of London during the reign of Stephen I. Husband of Athelaise de Mandeville. Son of William de Mandeville. Buried at Westminster Abbey.Geoffrey de Mandeville is mentioned in the following documents:
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Mr. Norman is mentioned in the following documents:
Locations
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Tower Street Ward is mentioned in the following documents:
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Aldgate Ward
Aldgate Ward is located within the London Wall and east of Lime Street Ward. Both the ward and its main street, Aldgate Street, are named after Aldgate, the eastern gate into the walled city (Stow 1633, sig. N6v).Aldgate Ward is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Wall
Originally built as a Roman fortification for the provincial city of Londinium in the second century C.E., the London Wall remained a material and spatial boundary for the city throughout the early modern period. Described by Stow ashigh and great
(Stow 1:8), the London Wall dominated the cityscape and spatial imaginations of Londoners for centuries. Increasingly, the eighteen-foot high wall created a pressurized constraint on the growing city; the various gates functioned as relief valves where development spilled out to occupy spacesoutside the wall.
The Wall is mentioned in the following documents:
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London is mentioned in the following documents:
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East Smithfield
East Smithfield is a district located east of the City of London and northeast of the Tower of London. Its name derives fromsmoothfield ,
with the prefixeast
helping to differentiate it from the Smithfield northwest of Cripplegate (Harben). As time progressed, it transformed from what Stow describes as aplot of ground
with very few houses into a densely populated area by the mid-seventeenth century (Stow; Harben).East Smithfield is mentioned in the following documents:
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Aldgate
Aldgate was the easternmost gate into the walled city. The nameAldgate
is thought to come from one of four sources: Æst geat meaningEastern gate
(Ekwall 36), Alegate from the Old English ealu meaningale,
Aelgate from the Saxon meaningpublic gate
oropen to all,
or Aeldgate meaningold gate
(Bebbington 20–21).Aldgate is mentioned in the following documents:
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Aldgate Bars
The Aldgate Bars were posts that marked the eastern limits of the City of London. They were located at the western end of Whitechapel and the eastern end of Aldgate Street. Stow makes no attempt to describe them in detail apart from mentioning their geographic importance as boundary markers (Stow). The bars were removed in the eighteenth century (Harben).Aldgate Bars is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bishopsgate is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Thames
Perhaps more than any other geophysical feature, the Thames river has directly affected London’s growth and rise to prominence; historically, the city’s economic, political, and military importance was dependent on its riverine location. As a tidal river, connected to the North Sea, the Thames allowed for transportation to and from the outside world; and, as the longest river in England, bordering on nine counties, it linked London to the country’s interior. Indeed, without the Thames, London would not exist as one of Europe’s most influential cities. The Thames, however, is notable for its dichotomous nature: it is both a natural phenomenon and a cultural construct; it lives in geological time but has been the measure of human history; and the city was built around the river, but the river has been reshaped by the city and its inhabitants.The Thames is mentioned in the following documents:
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Dodding Pond
Dodding Pond may have been a lane somewhere east of the Tower of London and near the Abbey of St. Mary Graces (Harben).Dodding Pond is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Katherine’s Hospital
St. Katherine’s Hospital was a religious hospital founded in 1148. According to Stow, the hospital was founded by Queen Matilda. The hospital, the grounds of which contained a church, gardens, orchards, and residences, was at the southern end of St. Katherine’s Lane and north of the St. Katherine Steps, all of which is east of the Tower of London. Stow praised the choir of the hospital, noting how itwas not much inferior to that of [St.] Paules [Cathedral]
(Stow).St. Katherine’s Hospital is mentioned in the following documents:
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Tower Ditch
The Tower Ditch, or Tower Moat, was part of the Tower of London’s medieval defences. It was built by the Bishop of Ely William de Longchamp while Richard I was crusading in the Holy Land (1187-1192) (Harben). The ditch was used as a dumping ground for plague victim corpses, human waste from the Tower, and meat carcasses from East Smithfield market.Tower Ditch is mentioned in the following documents:
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Tower of London is mentioned in the following documents:
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Holy Trinity Priory
Holy Trinity Priory, located west of Aldgate and north of Leadenhall Street, was an Augustinian Priory. Stow notes that Queen Matilda established the Priory in 1108in the parishes of Saint Marie Magdalen, S. Michael, S. Katherine, and the blessed Trinitie, which now was made but one Parish of the holy Trinitie
(Stow). Before Matilda united these parishes under the name Holy Trinity Priory, they were collectively known as the Holy Cross or Holy Roode parish (Stow; Harben).Holy Trinity Priory is mentioned in the following documents:
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London Bridge
As the only bridge in London crossing the Thames until 1729, London Bridge was a focal point of the city. After its conversion from wood to stone, completed in 1209, the bridge housed a variety of structures, including a chapel and a growing number of shops. The bridge was famous for the cityʼs grisly practice of displaying traitorsʼ heads on poles above its gatehouses. Despite burning down multiple times, London Bridge was one of the few structures not entirely destroyed by the Great Fire of London in 1666.London Bridge is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Botolph (Aldgate)
St. Botolph, Aldgate was a parish church near Aldgate at the junction of Aldgate Street and Houndsditch. It was located in Portsoken Ward on the north side of Aldgate Street. Stow notes that theChurch hath beene lately new builded at the speciall charges of the Priors of the holy Trinitie
before the Priory was dissolved in 1531 (Stow).St. Botolph (Aldgate) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Guildhall is mentioned in the following documents:
Organizations
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Knighten Guild
The Knighten Guild was a guild in London that originated as an order of chivalry founded by King Edgar for loyal knights.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
Variant spellings
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Documents using the spelling
Cnitten Guild
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Documents using the spelling
Cnitten Guilde
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Documents using the spelling
Knigh et n Guilde
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Documents using the spelling
Knighten Guild
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Documents using the spelling
knighten Guild
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Documents using the spelling
knighten Guilde
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Documents using the spelling
Knighten Guilde
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Documents using the spelling
Porſoken Warde
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Documents using the spelling
Portsoken
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Documents using the spelling
PORTSOKEN VVARD
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Documents using the spelling
Portſoken VVard
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Documents using the spelling
Portſoken VVarde
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Documents using the spelling
Portſoken Ward
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Documents using the spelling
Portſoken ward
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Documents using the spelling
Portsoken ward
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Documents using the spelling
Portſoken warde
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Documents using the spelling
Portſoken Warde
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Documents using the spelling
Ward of Portſoken