LONDON, WESTMINSTER, AND SOUTHWARK:
London Survey’d: OR, AN EXPLANATION OF THE LARGE MAP OF London.
Giving a Particular Account Of the Streets and Lanes, IN THE City and Liberties.
WITH The Courts, Yards, and Alleys, Churches, Halls, and Houses of Note, In every
Street and Lane.
AND Directions to find them in the Map.
With the Names and Marks of the Wards, Parishes, and Precincts, therein Described.
By { JOHN OGILBY & WILLIAM MORGAN } His Majesty’s Cosmographers.
Brief Observations OF LONDON.
NOtwithstanding the ample History of this Famous City, is design’d for One Intire Volume,
and a brief Account thereof hath been given in the First Part of BRITANNIA; yet considering this will be more frequently Read, being Annex’d to the MAP, We
shall make a short Repetition of some Things Memorable, of this Our Great Metropolis,
LONDON:
In a large Sence, the Cities of LONDON and WESTMINSTER, with the Borough of Southwark, and whole Mass of contiguous Buildings; but in a stricter Acceptation, the City
and Liberties of LONDON (as Describ’d in Our MAP) which having in Antiquity admitted of various Appellations:
Is at present by the Modern French call’d Londres; by other Nations, Londra and Lunden; and in Latine, Londinum.
For Antiquity, ’tis Recorded in Cæsar above 1700 Years ago; and Corn. Tacitus, more than 1600 Years since, accounts It Famous for Commerce and Frequency of Merchants:
To which, add the Mention Amm. Marcel. makes of Theodosus’ coming hither; and the Insription of a Roman Coyn in Honour of Britannicus Son of Claudius, where you have, METROPOLIS ETIMINIS BASILICOS LONDINUM, not above half a Century after Christ, to prove it both a City and a Metropolis in those Days.
CommodioThis text has been supplied. Reason: Type not (sufficiently) inked. Evidence: The
text has been supplied based on guesswork. (JJ)usly situated both for Pleasure and Profit, the River of Thames washing the South-side, or dividing it from Southwark; being distatn about 60 MilThis text has been supplied. Reason: Type not (sufficiently) inked. Evidence: The
text has been supplied based on guesswork. (JJ)es from the Eastern and Southern Seas; whereby ’tis equally Accommodated for Importing
Merchandise from Abroad, and receiving necessary Supplies of Provisions at Home:
It may be said to be Situate on the South Limits of the County of Midlesex, or at the Conjunction of that Country with Surrey, though It is really a City and County of It self; having for four Miles to the North and South a pleasant Green Valley.
It may be said to be Situate on the South Limits of the County of Midlesex, or at the Conjunction of that Country with Surrey, though It is really a City and County of It self; having for four Miles to the North and South a pleasant Green Valley.
The City and Liberties contain 113 Parishes, and is Divided into six and Twenty Wards,
each Govern’d by an Alderman and Deputy. It contains within the Walls 380 Acres, but
within the Liberties (as ’tis in the MAP) Bounded on the South by the Thames, and on the West, North and East, with a Chain, the Line of the Freedom: It is 680
Acres; all as full of good and great Buildings as conveniency can allow. The Length
from Temple-Bar in the West, to White-Chapel-Bars in the East, is 9256 Foot, or one Mile, six Furlongs, and a Pole: The Breadth is
seven Furlongs and two Poles, or 4653 Foot, viz. from the Bars in Bishopsgate-street to the Bridg, One of the Remarkables of EUROPE, consisting in nineteen mighty Arches, being in Length sixty four Poles, or 1056 Foot, the fifth Part of an English Mile, accounting 8 Furlongs to a Mile, 40 Poles to a Furlong, 16 Foot and a half to a
Pole.
But reckoning the adjoyning Suburbs and WESTMINSTER, and then measuring from Black-Wall inclusisive, to the End of St. James’s Street beyond Petty-France, it is seven Miles and a half; and from the End of St. Leonard Shoreditch, to the End of Blackman-street in Southwark, the Breadth from North to South, is above two Miles and a half.
The Ecclesiastical Government of the City of LONDON, is by a Bishop, who hath Precedency next to the Arch-Bishop; numbring in a continual
Succession of Ten Centuries and an half, Ninety two Bishops. The Cathedral hath a
Dean and Chapter, a Treasurer, and thirty Prebendaries: The Diocess contains contains
Midlesex, Essex, and Part of Hertfordshire, and has Five Arch-Deacons, viz. of London, Midlesex, Essex, Colchester and St. Albans.
The old Cathedral Dedicated to St. Paul, containing in Length from East to West, six hundred and ninety Foot, in
Breadth from North to South, one hundred and thirty Foot, (Built in Form of a Cross) one hundred and two Foot in Height; adorn’d with a Tower of two hundred and sixty Foot, and a Spire of two hundred and sixty Foot more, exalting it self from the Midst of the Cross: This stately Spire cover’d with Lead, with a great Part of the Church, was Ruin’d by Fire, Anno 1561. and after several Eminent Repairs by the Bounty and Piety of Queen Elizabeth, King Charles the Martyr,1 the Bishops of Canterbury, with the Clergy, & the City of LONDON, It was at last wholly destroy’d by the dreadful Fire, September the 2, 3, and 4th. Anno Domini 1666. But by his Pious Care and Encouragement of His Sacred Majesty, upon a better Foundation is already very far advanc’d a more Glorious Structure.
Breadth from North to South, one hundred and thirty Foot, (Built in Form of a Cross) one hundred and two Foot in Height; adorn’d with a Tower of two hundred and sixty Foot, and a Spire of two hundred and sixty Foot more, exalting it self from the Midst of the Cross: This stately Spire cover’d with Lead, with a great Part of the Church, was Ruin’d by Fire, Anno 1561. and after several Eminent Repairs by the Bounty and Piety of Queen Elizabeth, King Charles the Martyr,1 the Bishops of Canterbury, with the Clergy, & the City of LONDON, It was at last wholly destroy’d by the dreadful Fire, September the 2, 3, and 4th. Anno Domini 1666. But by his Pious Care and Encouragement of His Sacred Majesty, upon a better Foundation is already very far advanc’d a more Glorious Structure.
The Civil Government of the City of LONDON, in the Romans Time was by a Præfect, the Title continuing three hundred Years: In the Saxons Time by a Portreeve; which after the Conquest was chang’d into, sometimes a Bailiff, and sometimes a Provost. Richard the First Granted them two Bailiffs, and King John chang’d them into into a Mayor and two Sheriffs: The Mayor with the Court of Aldermen and Common Councel, (like the three Estates in Parliament) Make Laws.
And to them is added, a Recorder, Chamberlain, Town-ClThis text has been supplied. Reason: Type not (sufficiently) inked. Evidence: The
text has been supplied based on evidence internal to this text (context, etc.). (KL)erk, Common-Sergeant, Remembrancer, Vice-Chamberlain, &c.
The Militia of this City and Liberties, as it was Settled soon after His Majesty’s Restauration,
in six Regiments of Train’d-Bands, and as many Auxiliaries, amount to twenty Thousand
Foot, and the Horse eight hundred; the Tower Hamlets, with the Train’d-Bands of Southwark and Westminster eight Thousand five hundred more: But in Case of Necessity, there may be Rais’d at
least eighty thousand able fighting Men, which being Officer’d by the Members of the
Artillery-Company, Commanded by HiThis text has been supplied. Reason: Smudging dating from the original print process.
Evidence: The text has been supplied based on evidence internal to this text (context,
etc.). (KL)s Royal Highness, are a Force sufficient to Oppose any Enemy, either Forreign or Domestick.
The Mayor of LONDON is, during
his Mayoralty, Honor’d with the Title of Lord; Four of his Domestick Attendants are Esquires, viz. the Sword-Bearer, the Common-Hunt, the Common-Cryer, and the Water-Bayliff. He is usually Chosen on Michaelmas Day,2 and on the Twenty Ninth of October, with great State, Convey’d to Westminster, where taking his Oath, and returning to the Guild-Hall of the City, a most Magnificent Feast is Prepar’d; frequently Honor’d with the Presence of the King and Queen, Nobility, and Judges, &c. The Sheriffs of the City are Sheriffs of Midlesex also, who attending the Lord-Mayor, appear Abroad usually on Horseback, wearing Gold-chians, and on Festivals their Scarlet Gowns, worn likewise by all the Aldermen; but such who have been Lord-Mayors, wear also their Gold-Chains ever after. The Lord-Mayor has His Great Mace and Sword born before Him, and at Coronations claims to be Chief Butler.
his Mayoralty, Honor’d with the Title of Lord; Four of his Domestick Attendants are Esquires, viz. the Sword-Bearer, the Common-Hunt, the Common-Cryer, and the Water-Bayliff. He is usually Chosen on Michaelmas Day,2 and on the Twenty Ninth of October, with great State, Convey’d to Westminster, where taking his Oath, and returning to the Guild-Hall of the City, a most Magnificent Feast is Prepar’d; frequently Honor’d with the Presence of the King and Queen, Nobility, and Judges, &c. The Sheriffs of the City are Sheriffs of Midlesex also, who attending the Lord-Mayor, appear Abroad usually on Horseback, wearing Gold-chians, and on Festivals their Scarlet Gowns, worn likewise by all the Aldermen; but such who have been Lord-Mayors, wear also their Gold-Chains ever after. The Lord-Mayor has His Great Mace and Sword born before Him, and at Coronations claims to be Chief Butler.
The Traders of this City are divided into several Corporations or Companies, the twelve Principal, of one of which the Lord-Mayor is always Free, are the Mercers, Grocers, Drapers, Fish-Mongers, Gold-Smiths, Skinners, Merchant-Taylors, Haberdashers, Salters, Iron-Mongers, Vintoners, and Cloath-Workers; Whose Halls or Guilds resemble so many stately Pallaces; and their Government, not much unlike that or
the City, is by a Master, Wardens, and Assistants: The rest of the Companies, to the Number of about Seventy, besides the first Twelve,
have also their Halls, Governors, and Officers, with their Armorial Ensigns, &c. And are accounted One of the Glories of this Super-Eminent City.
To these We may add, the several Companies of Merchants Trading to Foreign Parts:
As, Ruffia, Turky, East-India, East-Land, and Africa; whose great Adventures, Care and Conduct, for the Increase of Trade and Navigation,
is (under Our Gracious Soveraign) the Glory, Riches, and Strength of not only this
City, but the Kingdom also. These Merchants Meet, for the ready Dispatch of Business,
twice
a-day upon the Royal-Exchange, first Built by Sr. Thomas Gresham, Anno 1566. But since the Fire more splendidly Re-built by the City and Company of Mercers.
a-day upon the Royal-Exchange, first Built by Sr. Thomas Gresham, Anno 1566. But since the Fire more splendidly Re-built by the City and Company of Mercers.
This great and populous City is supply’d with all sorts of Provisions and Necessaries
for Sustenance and Delights, as well from the Shops and Butchers-Shambles, as the
many Markets, wherewith both the City and Suburbs are furnish’d, and they plentifully
Stor’d both from Land and Water. The Thames, which, twice a-day, brings into her Bosom, Ships Fraught with the Rarities and Riches
of the World, is also convey’d by Engines into the highest Parts of the City; which,
with the several Springs and Conduits, receiving adjacent Fountains, and the New-River, brought thither at great Labor and Cost, from Ware, by Sir. Hugh Midleton, Anno 1613. so furnishes This, that no City in the World is more abundantly supply’d with Water.
Neither is it less accommodated for Fuel, which is Convey’d to it by the River Thames, from New-Castle, Scotland, Kent, and Essex.
Thus have We given you a Cursory Account of this Celebrated Emporium which for Situation, Exton, Government, Magnificence, Plenty, Riches and Strength,
may Challenge any European City what soever.
EXPLANATION OF THE MAP and TABLES.
We Proceed to the Explanation of the MAP, containing 25 Wards,3
122 Parishes4 and Liberties,5 and therein 189 Streets,6 153 Lanes, 522 Alleys, 458 Courts,7 and 210 Yards bearing Name.
The Broad Black Line is the City Wall. The Line of the Freedom is a Chain. The Division of the Wards, thus o o o o The Parishes, Liberties, and Precincts by a Prick-line . . . . . Each Ward and Parish is known by the Letters and Figures Distributed within their Bounds, which are plac’d in the Tables before their Names, Page 45. &c. The Wards by Capitals without Figures. The Parishes, &c. by Numbers without Letters. The Great Letters with Numbers refer to Halls, Great Buildings, and Inns. The Small Letters to Courts, Yards and Alleys, every Letter being repeated 99 times, and sprinkled in the Space of 5 Inches, running through
the MAP, from the Left Hand to the Right, &c. Churches and Eminent Buildings are double Hatch’d, Streets, Lanes, Alleys, Courts, and Yards, are left White. Gardens, &c. faintly Prick’d. Where the Space admits the Name of the Place is in Words at
length, but where there is not room, a Letter and Figure refers you to the Table, in which the Streets are Alphabetically dispos’d, and in every Street the Churches and Halls, Places of Note and Inns, with the Courts, Yards and Alleys, are named; then the Lanes in that Street, and the Churches, &c. as aforesaid, in each Lane.
Directions fo the ready finding of any Place.
The Figures between the Black Lines on the Left Hand of every Page, are the same that
are above, below, and on the Sides of the MAP: The first Numbers are those on the Sides, and the Other those above and below; their Life is to shew
in what
Part of the MAP the Street or Lane, &c. may be found: For Example, The Table begins with Addle Street, and against it you have 6-10. find 6 either on the Right or Left Side of the MAP, and guide your Eye till you come over or under 10, and in a Square of 5 Inches which those Figures Govern, you have Addle Street, and in that Square you will find B6. Plaisterers Hall, and B7. Brewers Hall, both in Addle Street; the next is 5-10 Phillip Lane, in Addle-street, yet not altogether in the same Square, but against 5 and under 10, therefore, where either the Lane or Court, &c. falls under other Numbers than those that directs to the Street, the Number is set against it; as, Aldersgate Street is in 3-8. but Black Horse Court in Aldersgate Street, is in 4-8. and Maidenhead Court in 5-9. Many Streets running through several Squares, either from East to West or North to South.
Part of the MAP the Street or Lane, &c. may be found: For Example, The Table begins with Addle Street, and against it you have 6-10. find 6 either on the Right or Left Side of the MAP, and guide your Eye till you come over or under 10, and in a Square of 5 Inches which those Figures Govern, you have Addle Street, and in that Square you will find B6. Plaisterers Hall, and B7. Brewers Hall, both in Addle Street; the next is 5-10 Phillip Lane, in Addle-street, yet not altogether in the same Square, but against 5 and under 10, therefore, where either the Lane or Court, &c. falls under other Numbers than those that directs to the Street, the Number is set against it; as, Aldersgate Street is in 3-8. but Black Horse Court in Aldersgate Street, is in 4-8. and Maidenhead Court in 5-9. Many Streets running through several Squares, either from East to West or North to South.
If there be no Figures nor Letters against any Name, then the Figures next above directs to the Square, and the Name is Engraven in the MAP; as, St. Botolph Aldersgate Church is in the Square made by 5-9 Again, any Letter and Figure you have in the MAP, and would know the Name of the Place, observe what Street it’s Passage is into, and that Street you readily find, being plac’d Alphabetically in the Table, and under that Street you have the Letter and Number in the MAP, and the Name of the Place; as in the Square made by 3 on the Side and
9 above, you find A18. the Street is Barbican, find Barbican in the Table, and under that Title you have 3-9 A18 The Earl of Bridgwater’s House. Not far from it, is b68 Plow Yard. And so of the Rest.
A TABLE
Directing to the Folio where each Street is to be found, Alphabetically set down.
A
B
C
Folio | |
Cloath Fair | 11 |
Colchester Street | 11 |
The Curtain | 11 |
D
E
Great Eastcheap10 | 11 |
Little Eastcheap11 | 12 |
East Smithfield | 12 |
Eagle Street | 12 |
Black Eagle Street | 12 |
F
New Fashion Street | 12 |
Fashion Street | 12 |
Fell Street | 13 |
Fenchurch Street | 13 |
Finsbury | 13 |
Old Fish Street | 13 |
Old Fish Street Hill | 14 |
New Fish Street | 14 |
Fleet Street | 14 |
Fore Street | 16 |
Fryer Street | 17 |
Friday Street | 17 |
G
Garlick Hill | 17 |
George Street | 17, 18 |
Giltspur Street | 18 |
Goldsmith Street | 18 |
Goswel Street | 18 |
Gracechurch Street | 18 |
Grub Street | 18 |
H
Hatton Wall Street | 19 |
Hatton Street | 19 |
East-Harding Street | 19 |
West-Harding Street | 19 |
Hart Sreet | 19 |
Great St. Hellens | 19 |
Little St. Hellens | 19 |
Hockley in the Hole | 19 |
Folio | |
Holborn | 19 |
Holliwel Street | 21 |
Hounsditch | 21 |
I
Jewin Street | 21 |
St. John Street | 22 |
St. John’s Court | 22 |
K
St. Katherines | 23 |
New King Street | 23 |
King Edward Street | 23 |
King Tudor Street | 23 |
Kirby Street | 23 |
Knight Rider Street | 23 |
L
M
St. Martins le grand | 25 |
St. Mary Axe | 26 |
Milk Street | 26 |
Minories | 26 |
Little Minories | 27 |
Montague Street | 27 |
Moor Fields | 27 |
Little Moor Fields | 27 |
Mugwel Street | 27 |
Middle Street | 27 |
Monmouth Street | 28 |
N
New Canal | 28 |
Newgate Street | 28 |
Noble Street | 28 |
Norton Folgate | 29 |
Newcastle Street | 29 |
New Street | 29 |
O
St. Olave Hart Street | 29 |
Old Baily | 29, 30 |
Old Change | 30 |
Old Jewry | 30 |
Old Street | 30 |
P
Pater Noster Row | 31 |
S. Pauls Church Yard | 31 |
Pauls Chain | 31 |
Great Pearl Street | 32 |
Folio | |
The Postern | 32 |
The Poultrey | 32 |
Puddle Dock Hill | 32 |
Pye-Corner | 32 |
Little Pearl Street | 32 |
St. Peters Hill | 32 |
Petty France | 32 |
Q
New Queen Street | 32 |
Queen Hith | 32 |
R
Red Cross Street | 32 |
River Street | 33 |
S
Saffron Hill | 33 |
Shordeditch | 33 |
Silver Street | 33 |
Snow Hill | 33 |
Southhampt. Buildings | 34 |
The Strand | 34 |
Sutton Street | 35 |
Stone Cutters Street | 35 |
Strangeway Street | 35 |
T
Midle12 & Iner Temple | 35 |
Thames Street | 35 |
St. Thomas Apostles | 38 |
Backside ST. Apostles | 38 |
Threadneedle Street | 38 |
Throgmorton Street | 38 |
Tower Street | 39 |
Great Tower Hill | 39 |
Little Tower Hill | 39 |
Tower Ditch | 39 |
Tower Royal Street | 40 |
Turn-mill Street | 40 |
Throll Street | 40 |
Timber Street | 40 |
V
Vine Street | 40 |
W
Advertisement.
THIS Large Map of LONDON, truly Describing all the Streets, Passages and Buildings, at an hundred Foot in
an Inch; Is Sold by William Morgan, at Mr. Ogilby’s House in White-Fryers, Mr. Pask at the Stationers Arms under the Royal Exchange in Thread-Needle Street, and Mr. Green at the Rose and Crown in Budg-Row: The Price 50 s. Cloath’d, Colour’d, &c.
This is also to give Notice, that Mr. Ogilby’s English Atlas is Carry’d-on and will be finished by his Kinsman, William Morgan, His Majesty’s CoThis text has been supplied. Reason: Type not (sufficiently) inked. Evidence: The
text has been supplied based on evidence internal to this text (context, etc.). (KL)smographer, at Mr. Ogilby’s House aforesaid; and all Adventurers are desir’d to send in their Names, and take
out those Volumes that they want, because for the Finisbing the Survey of England, &c. there will be in Easter Term next, a general Disposal of all Mr. Ogilby’s Books, at a greater Advantage to the Adventurers than hath been formerly propos’d
or ever will be again.
And because several counterfeit Books and Maps, notoriously False especially of London, have been and others are Preparing to be Publish’d, You are Desir’d to Receive no
Book or Map for Part of the Atlas or Survey, that hath not the Names of John Ogilby or William Morgan or both.
Notes
- After his execution on 30 January 1649, Charles I was given the epithet
the Martyr
by high church Anglicans who praised him for refusing to give up episcopacy. (KL)↑ - Celebrated 29 September. (KL)↑
- For a list of wards in early modern London, see
Wards
in MoEML’s Placeography. (KL)↑ - For a list of parishes in early modern London, see
Parishes
in MoEML’s Placeography. (KL)↑ - For a list of liberties in early modern London, see
Liberties
in MoEML’s Placeography. (KL)↑ - For a list of streets in early modern London, see
Streets
in MoEML’s Placeography. (KL)↑ - For a list of inns of court in early modern London, see
Inns of Court
in MoEML’s Placeography. (KL)↑ - Refers to the section of Bishopsgate Street that is outside the Wall. (KL)↑
- Refers to the section of Bishopsgate Street that is inside the Wall. (KL)↑
- Refers to the section of Eastcheap that is west of New Fish Street and Gracechurch Street. (KL)↑
- Refers to the section of Eastcheap that is east of New Fish Street and Gracechurch Street. (KL)↑
- I.e., Middle Temple. (KL)↑
Cite this page
MLA citation
Excerpt from London Survey’d.The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 7.0, edited by , U of Victoria, 05 May 2022, mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/OGIL5.htm.
Chicago citation
Excerpt from London Survey’d.The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 7.0. Ed. . Victoria: University of Victoria. Accessed May 05, 2022. mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/OGIL5.htm.
APA citation
London Survey’d. In (Ed), The Map of Early Modern London (Edition 7.0). Victoria: University of Victoria. Retrieved from https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/editions/7.0/OGIL5.htm.
, & 2022. Excerpt from RIS file (for RefMan, RefWorks, EndNote etc.)
Provider: University of Victoria Database: The Map of Early Modern London Content: text/plain; charset="utf-8" TY - ELEC A1 - Ogilby, John A1 - Morgan, William ED - Jenstad, Janelle T1 - Excerpt from London Survey’d T2 - The Map of Early Modern London ET - 7.0 PY - 2022 DA - 2022/05/05 CY - Victoria PB - University of Victoria LA - English UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/OGIL5.htm UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/xml/standalone/OGIL5.xml ER -
TEI citation
<bibl type="mla"><author><name ref="#OGIL6"><surname>Ogilby</surname>, <forename>John</forename></name></author>,
and <author><name ref="#MORG2"><forename>William</forename> <surname>Morgan</surname></name></author>.
<title level="a">Excerpt from <title level="m">London Survey’d</title></title>. <title
level="m">The Map of Early Modern London</title>, Edition <edition>7.0</edition>,
edited by <editor><name ref="#JENS1"><forename>Janelle</forename> <surname>Jenstad</surname></name></editor>,
<publisher>U of Victoria</publisher>, <date when="2022-05-05">05 May 2022</date>,
<ref target="https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/OGIL5.htm">mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/OGIL5.htm</ref>.</bibl>
Personography
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Molly Rothwell
MR
Project Manager, 2022-present. Research Assistant, 2020-2022. Molly Rothwell was an undergraduate student at the University of Victoria, with a double major in English and History. During her time at MoEML, Molly primarily worked on encoding and transcribing the 1598 and 1633 editions of Stow’s Survey, adding toponyms to MoEML’s Gazetteer, researching England’s early-modern court system, and standardizing MoEML’s Mapography.Roles played in the project
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Lucas Simpson
LS
Research Assistant, 2018-2021. Lucas Simpson was a student at the University of Victoria.Roles played in the project
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Kate LeBere
KL
Project Manager, 2020-2021. Assistant Project Manager, 2019-2020. Research Assistant, 2018-2020. Kate LeBere completed her BA (Hons.) in History and English at the University of Victoria in 2020. She published papers in The Corvette (2018), The Albatross (2019), and PLVS VLTRA (2020) and presented at the English Undergraduate Conference (2019), Qualicum History Conference (2020), and the Digital Humanities Summer Institute’s Project Management in the Humanities Conference (2021). While her primary research focus was sixteenth and seventeenth century England, she completed her honours thesis on Soviet ballet during the Russian Cultural Revolution. During her time at MoEML, Kate made significant contributions to the 1598 and 1633 editions of Stow’s Survey of London, old-spelling anthology of mayoral shows, and old-spelling library texts. She authored the MoEML’s first Project Management Manual andquickstart
guidelines for new employees and helped standardize the Personography and Bibliography. She is currently a student at the University of British Columbia’s iSchool, working on her masters in library and information science.Roles played in the project
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Tracey El Hajj
TEH
Junior Programmer 2018-2020. Research Associate 2020-2021. Tracey received her PhD from the Department of English at the University of Victoria in the field of Science and Technology Studies. Her research focuses on the algorhythmics of networked communications. She was a 2019-20 President’s Fellow in Research-Enriched Teaching at UVic, where she taught an advanced course onArtificial Intelligence and Everyday Life.
Tracey was also a member of the Linked Early Modern Drama Online team, between 2019 and 2021. Between 2020 and 2021, she was a fellow in residence at the Praxis Studio for Comparative Media Studies, where she investigated the relationships between artificial intelligence, creativity, health, and justice. As of July 2021, Tracey has moved into the alt-ac world for a term position, while also teaching in the English Department at the University of Victoria.Roles played in the project
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Joey Takeda
JT
Programmer, 2018-present. Junior Programmer, 2015-2017. Research Assistant, 2014-2017. Joey Takeda was a graduate student at the University of British Columbia in the Department of English (Science and Technology research stream). He completed his BA honours in English (with a minor in Women’s Studies) at the University of Victoria in 2016. His primary research interests included diasporic and indigenous Canadian and American literature, critical theory, cultural studies, and the digital humanities.Roles played in the project
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Joey Takeda is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:
Joey Takeda is mentioned in the following documents:
Joey Takeda authored or edited the following items in MoEML’s bibliography:
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Jenstad, Janelle and Joseph Takeda.
Making the RA Matter: Pedagogy, Interface, and Practices.
Making Things and Drawing Boundaries: Experiments in the Digital Humanities. Ed. Jentery Sayers. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 2018. Print.
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Amorena Roberts
AR
Research Assistant, 2016, 2018. Student contributor enrolled in English 362: Popular Literature in the Renaissance at the University of Victoria in Spring 2016, working under the guest editorship of Janelle Jenstad.Roles played in the project
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Amorena Roberts is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:
Amorena Roberts is mentioned in the following documents:
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Tye Landels-Gruenewald
TLG
Data Manager, 2015-2016. Research Assistant, 2013-2015. Tye completed his undergraduate honours degree in English at the University of Victoria in 2015.Roles played in the project
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Tye Landels-Gruenewald is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:
Tye Landels-Gruenewald is mentioned in the following documents:
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Kim McLean-Fiander
KMF
Director of Pedagogy and Outreach, 2015–2020. Associate Project Director, 2015. Assistant Project Director, 2013-2014. MoEML Research Fellow, 2013. Kim McLean-Fiander comes to The Map of Early Modern London from the Cultures of Knowledge digital humanities project at the University of Oxford, where she was the editor of Early Modern Letters Online, an open-access union catalogue and editorial interface for correspondence from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. She is currently Co-Director of a sister project to EMLO called Women’s Early Modern Letters Online (WEMLO). In the past, she held an internship with the curator of manuscripts at the Folger Shakespeare Library, completed a doctorate at Oxford on paratext and early modern women writers, and worked a number of years for the Bodleian Libraries and as a freelance editor. She has a passion for rare books and manuscripts as social and material artifacts, and is interested in the development of digital resources that will improve access to these materials while ensuring their ongoing preservation and conservation. An avid traveler, Kim has always loved both London and maps, and so is particularly delighted to be able to bring her early modern scholarly expertise to bear on the MoEML project.Roles played in the project
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Associate Project Director
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Director of Pedagogy and Outreach
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Contributions by this author
Kim McLean-Fiander is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:
Kim McLean-Fiander is mentioned in the following documents:
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Janelle Jenstad
JJ
Janelle Jenstad is Associate Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of The Map of Early Modern London, and PI of Linked Early Modern Drama Online. She has taught at Queen’s University, the Summer Academy at the Stratford Festival, the University of Windsor, and the University of Victoria. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Kaethler, she co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media (Routledge). She has prepared a documentary edition of John Stow’s A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in Digital Humanities Quarterly, Renaissance and Reformation,Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, Early Modern Literary Studies, Elizabethan Theatre, Shakespeare Bulletin: A Journal of Performance Criticism, and The Silver Society Journal. Her book chapters have appeared (or will appear) in Institutional Culture in Early Modern Society (Brill, 2004), Shakespeare, Language and the Stage, The Fifth Wall: Approaches to Shakespeare from Criticism, Performance and Theatre Studies (Arden/Thomson Learning, 2005), Approaches to Teaching Othello (Modern Language Association, 2005), Performing Maternity in Early Modern England (Ashgate, 2007), New Directions in the Geohumanities: Art, Text, and History at the Edge of Place (Routledge, 2011), Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter, 2016), Teaching Early Modern English Literature from the Archives (MLA, 2015), Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers (Indiana, 2016), Making Things and Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota, 2017), and Rethinking Shakespeare’s Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies (Routledge, 2018).Roles played in the project
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Abstract Author
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Contributions by this author
Janelle Jenstad is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:
Janelle Jenstad is mentioned in the following documents:
Janelle Jenstad authored or edited the following items in MoEML’s bibliography:
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Jenstad, Janelle and Joseph Takeda.
Making the RA Matter: Pedagogy, Interface, and Practices.
Making Things and Drawing Boundaries: Experiments in the Digital Humanities. Ed. Jentery Sayers. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 2018. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Building a Gazetteer for Early Modern London, 1550-1650.
Placing Names. Ed. Merrick Lex Berman, Ruth Mostern, and Humphrey Southall. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana UP, 2016. 129-145. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
The Burse and the Merchant’s Purse: Coin, Credit, and the Nation in Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody.
The Elizabethan Theatre XV. Ed. C.E. McGee and A.L. Magnusson. Toronto: P.D. Meany, 2002. 181–202. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Early Modern Literary Studies 8.2 (2002): 5.1–26..The City Cannot Hold You
: Social Conversion in the Goldsmith’s Shop. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
The Silver Society Journal 10 (1998): 40–43.The Gouldesmythes Storehowse
: Early Evidence for Specialisation. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Lying-in Like a Countess: The Lisle Letters, the Cecil Family, and A Chaste Maid in Cheapside.
Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 34 (2004): 373–403. doi:10.1215/10829636–34–2–373. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Public Glory, Private Gilt: The Goldsmiths’ Company and the Spectacle of Punishment.
Institutional Culture in Early Modern Society. Ed. Anne Goldgar and Robert Frost. Leiden: Brill, 2004. 191–217. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Smock Secrets: Birth and Women’s Mysteries on the Early Modern Stage.
Performing Maternity in Early Modern England. Ed. Katherine Moncrief and Kathryn McPherson. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007. 87–99. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Using Early Modern Maps in Literary Studies: Views and Caveats from London.
GeoHumanities: Art, History, Text at the Edge of Place. Ed. Michael Dear, James Ketchum, Sarah Luria, and Doug Richardson. London: Routledge, 2011. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Versioning John Stow’s A Survey of London, or, What’s New in 1618 and 1633?.
Janelle Jenstad Blog. https://janellejenstad.com/2013/03/20/versioning-john-stows-a-survey-of-london-or-whats-new-in-1618-and-1633/. -
Shakespeare, William. The Merchant of Venice. Ed. Janelle Jenstad. Internet Shakespeare Editions. U of Victoria. http://internetshakespeare.uvic.ca/Library/Texts/MV/.
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Stow, John. A SVRVAY OF LONDON. Contayning the Originall, Antiquity, Increase, Moderne estate, and description of that Citie, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow Citizen of London. Also an Apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that Citie, the greatnesse thereof. With an Appendix, containing in Latine, Libellum de situ & nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. Ed. Janelle Jenstad and the MoEML Team. MoEML. Transcribed.
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Martin D. Holmes
MDH
Programmer at the University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre (HCMC). Martin ported the MOL project from its original PHP incarnation to a pure eXist database implementation in the fall of 2011. Since then, he has been lead programmer on the project and has also been responsible for maintaining the project schemas. He was a co-applicant on MoEML’s 2012 SSHRC Insight Grant.Roles played in the project
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Martin D. Holmes is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:
Martin D. Holmes is mentioned in the following documents:
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Elizabeth I
Elizabeth This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 1I Queen of England Queen of Ireland Gloriana Good Queen Bess
(b. 7 September 1533, d. 24 March 1603)Queen of England and Ireland 1558-1603.Elizabeth I is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir Thomas Gresham
(b. 1518, d. 1579)Member of the Mercersʼ Company. Founder of the Royal Exchange. Father of Richard Gresham. Son of Sir Richard Gresham.Sir Thomas Gresham is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sir Hugh Middleton is mentioned in the following documents:
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William Morgan
(d. 1690)Cartographer. Carried on the cartographic work of John Ogilby on the Large Map of London.William Morgan is mentioned in the following documents:
William Morgan authored or edited the following items in MoEML’s bibliography:
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Morgan, William. London &.c. Actually Survey’d. London, 1682. [See more information about this map.]
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Ogilby, John, and William Morgan. The Country About 15 Miles any Way from London. London, 1683. [See more information about this map.]
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Ogilby, John, and William Morgan. A Large and Accurate Map of the City of London. Ichnographically Describing all the Streets, Lanes, Alleys, Courts, Yards, Churches, Halls and Houses, &c. Actually Surveyed and Delinated. London, 1677. [See more information about this map.]
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Ogilby, John, and William Morgan. A Large and Accurate Map of the City of London Ichnographically Describing All the Streets, Lanes, Alleys, Courts, Yards, Churches, Halls and Houses, &c. Actually Surveyed and Delineated by John Ogilby, esq., His Majesties Cosmographer. London, 1676. Remediated by British History Online. [We cite by index label thus: Ogilby and Morgan B80.]
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Ogilby, John, and William Morgan. A Large and Accurate Map of the City of London Ichnographically Describing All the Streets, Lanes, Alleys, Courts, Yards, Churches, Halls and Houses, &c. Actually Surveyed and Delineated by John Ogilby, esq., His Majesties Cosmographer. London, 1676. Reprinted as The A to Z of Restoration London. Introduced by Ralph Hyde. Indexed by John Fisher and Roger Cline. London: London Topographical Society, 1992. Print.
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Ogilby, John, and William Morgan. A Large and Accurate Map of the City of London Ichnographically Describing All the Streets, Lanes, Alleys, Courts, Yards, Churches, Halls and Houses, &c. Actually Surveyed and Delineated by John Ogilby, esq., His Majesties Cosmographer. London, 1676. Reprinted by Lypne Castle: Harry Margary, 1976. [We cite by index label thus: Ogilby and Morgan B80.]
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Ogilby, John, and William Morgan. London Survey’d, or, An Explanation of the Large Map of London Giving a Particular Account of the Streets and Lanes in the City and Liberties, with the Courts, Yards, Alleys, Churches, Halls, and Houses of Note in Every Street and Lane, and Directions to Find Them in the Map, with the Names and Marks of the Wards, Parishes, and Precincts Therein Described. London: Printed and Sold at the Author’s House in Whitefriars, 1677.
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John Ogilby
(b. 17 November 1600, d. 4 September 1676)Dancing master, poet, translator, surveyor, and geographer. Appointed King’s Cosmographer 1670-1671.John Ogilby is mentioned in the following documents:
John Ogilby authored or edited the following items in MoEML’s bibliography:
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Ogilby, John, and William Morgan. The Country About 15 Miles any Way from London. London, 1683. [See more information about this map.]
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Ogilby, John, and William Morgan. A Large and Accurate Map of the City of London. Ichnographically Describing all the Streets, Lanes, Alleys, Courts, Yards, Churches, Halls and Houses, &c. Actually Surveyed and Delinated. London, 1677. [See more information about this map.]
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Ogilby, John, and William Morgan. A Large and Accurate Map of the City of London Ichnographically Describing All the Streets, Lanes, Alleys, Courts, Yards, Churches, Halls and Houses, &c. Actually Surveyed and Delineated by John Ogilby, esq., His Majesties Cosmographer. London, 1676. Remediated by British History Online. [We cite by index label thus: Ogilby and Morgan B80.]
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Ogilby, John, and William Morgan. A Large and Accurate Map of the City of London Ichnographically Describing All the Streets, Lanes, Alleys, Courts, Yards, Churches, Halls and Houses, &c. Actually Surveyed and Delineated by John Ogilby, esq., His Majesties Cosmographer. London, 1676. Reprinted as The A to Z of Restoration London. Introduced by Ralph Hyde. Indexed by John Fisher and Roger Cline. London: London Topographical Society, 1992. Print.
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Ogilby, John, and William Morgan. A Large and Accurate Map of the City of London Ichnographically Describing All the Streets, Lanes, Alleys, Courts, Yards, Churches, Halls and Houses, &c. Actually Surveyed and Delineated by John Ogilby, esq., His Majesties Cosmographer. London, 1676. Reprinted by Lypne Castle: Harry Margary, 1976. [We cite by index label thus: Ogilby and Morgan B80.]
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Ogilby, John, and William Morgan. London Survey’d, or, An Explanation of the Large Map of London Giving a Particular Account of the Streets and Lanes in the City and Liberties, with the Courts, Yards, Alleys, Churches, Halls, and Houses of Note in Every Street and Lane, and Directions to Find Them in the Map, with the Names and Marks of the Wards, Parishes, and Precincts Therein Described. London: Printed and Sold at the Author’s House in Whitefriars, 1677.
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Julius Caesar is mentioned in the following documents:
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Claudius
Claudius Emperor Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus
(b. 10 BCE, d. 13 October 54)Emperor of the Roman Empire 41-54. Father of Brtiannicus.Claudius is mentioned in the following documents:
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Britannicus is mentioned in the following documents:
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Tacitus is mentioned in the following documents:
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Theodosius I
Theodosius This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 1I the Great Emperor of the Roman Empire Flavius Theodosius Augustus
(b. 11 January 347, d. 17 January 395)Theodosius I is mentioned in the following documents:
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Robert Pask is mentioned in the following documents:
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Robert Green is mentioned in the following documents:
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Jesus Christ is mentioned in the following documents:
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Ammianus Marcellinus is mentioned in the following documents:
Locations
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London is mentioned in the following documents:
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Westminster is mentioned in the following documents:
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Southwark is mentioned in the following documents:
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Whitefriars
This page points to the district known as Whitefriars. For the theatre, see Whitefriars Theatre.Whitefriars is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Thames
Perhaps more than any other geophysical feature, the Thames river has directly affected London’s growth and rise to prominence; historically, the city’s economic, political, and military importance was dependent on its riverine location. As a tidal river, connected to the North Sea, the Thames allowed for transportation to and from the outside world; and, as the longest river in England, bordering on nine counties, it linked London to the country’s interior. Indeed, without the Thames, London would not exist as one of Europe’s most influential cities. The Thames, however, is notable for its dichotomous nature: it is both a natural phenomenon and a cultural construct; it lives in geological time but has been the measure of human history; and the city was built around the river, but the river has been reshaped by the city and its inhabitants.The Thames is mentioned in the following documents:
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Temple Bar
Temple Bar was one of the principle entrances to the city of London, dividing the Strand to the west and Fleet Street to the east. It was an ancient right of way and toll gate. Walter Thornbury dates the wooden gate structure shown in the Agas Map to the early Tudor period, and describes a number of historical pageants that processed through it, including the funeral procession of Henry V, and it was the scene of King James I’s first entry to the city (Thornbury 1878). The wooden structure was demolished in 1670 and a stone gate built in its place (Sugden 505).Temple Bar is mentioned in the following documents:
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Aldgate Bars
The Aldgate Bars were posts that marked the eastern limits of the City of London. They were located at the western end of Whitechapel and the eastern end of Aldgate Street. Stow makes no attempt to describe them in detail apart from mentioning their geographic importance as boundary markers (Stow). The bars were removed in the eighteenth century (Harben).Aldgate Bars is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bishopsgate is mentioned in the following documents:
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London Bridge
As the only bridge in London crossing the Thames until 1729, London Bridge was a focal point of the city. After its conversion from wood to stone, completed in 1209, the bridge housed a variety of structures, including a chapel and a growing number of shops. The bridge was famous for the cityʼs grisly practice of displaying traitorsʼ heads on poles above its gatehouses. Despite burning down multiple times, London Bridge was one of the few structures not entirely destroyed by the Great Fire of London in 1666.London Bridge is mentioned in the following documents:
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Blackwell Hall is mentioned in the following documents:
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PLACEHOLDER LOCATION
PLACEHOLDER LOCATION ITEM. The purpose of this item is to allow encoders to link to a location item when they cannot add a new location file for some reason. MoEML may still be seeking information regarding this entry. If you have information to contribute, please contact the MoEML team.PLACEHOLDER LOCATION is mentioned in the following documents:
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Petty France is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Leonard (Shoreditch)
St. Leonard’s church—also known asThe Actors’ church
—is the burial place of many prominent early modern actors. The Burbages (James Burbage and his sons Richard Burbage and Cuthbert Burbage), Richard Cowley, William Sly, and many others are buried there (ShaLT).St. Leonard (Shoreditch) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Blackman Street
Blackman Street formed the southern portion of the main thoroughfare in Southwark, which is now commonly referred to as theHigh Street
orBorough High Street
(Malden). Stow notes that Blackman Street began at the southern end of Long Southwark near St. George Southwark and moved south towards the Parish of St. Mary (Newington) (Stow 1633, sig. 2Q2r). Blackman Street is south of the area depicted on the Agas map.Blackman Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Paul’s Cathedral
St. Paul’s Cathedral was—and remains—an important church in London. In 962, while London was occupied by the Danes, St. Paul’s monastery was burnt and raised anew. The church survived the Norman conquest of 1066, but in 1087 it was burnt again. An ambitious Bishop named Maurice took the opportunity to build a new St. Paul’s, even petitioning the king to offer a piece of land belonging to one of his castles (Times 115). The building Maurice initiated would become the cathedral of St. Paul’s which survived until the Great Fire of London.St. Paul’s Cathedral is mentioned in the following documents:
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Guildhall is mentioned in the following documents:
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Royal Exchange
Located in Broad Street Ward and Cornhill Ward, the Royal Exchange was opened in 1570 to make business more convenient for merchants and tradesmen (Harben 512). The construction of the Royal Exchange was largely funded by Sir Thomas Gresham (Weinreb, Hibbert, Keay, and Keay 718).Royal Exchange is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Wall
Originally built as a Roman fortification for the provincial city of Londinium in the second century C.E., the London Wall remained a material and spatial boundary for the city throughout the early modern period. Described by Stow ashigh and great
(Stow 1:8), the London Wall dominated the cityscape and spatial imaginations of Londoners for centuries. Increasingly, the eighteen-foot high wall created a pressurized constraint on the growing city; the various gates functioned as relief valves where development spilled out to occupy spacesoutside the wall.
The Wall is mentioned in the following documents:
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Addle Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Plasterers’ Hall is mentioned in the following documents:
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Brewers’ Hall is mentioned in the following documents:
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Philip Lane is mentioned in the following documents:
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Aldersgate Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Black Horse Court is mentioned in the following documents:
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Maidenhead Court is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Botolph (Aldersgate) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Barbican
Barbican was a historically significant street that ran east-west, connecting Aldersgate Street in the west with Redcross Street and Golden Lane in the east. Barbican wasmore then halfe
contained by Cripplegate Ward, with the rest lying within Aldersgate Ward (Stow 1:291). The street is labeled on the Agas map asBarbican.
Barbican is mentioned in the following documents:
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Addle Hill
Addle Hill or Athelyngstrete ran north from Knightrider Street up to Carter Lane (Stow 1633, sig. 2M4v). Stow records it running from Carter Lane to Knightrider Street but, as Carlin and Belcher note, it was extended south of Thames Street by 1250 (Stow 1633, sig. 2M4v; Carlin and Belcher Athelyngstrete). Stow may have recorded Addle Hill this way to distinguish between the raised and level portions of the street (Stow 1633, sig. 2M4v). It is labelledAddle Hill
on the Agas Map. Carlin and Belcher’s 1520 map labels the streetAthelyngstrete
(Carlin and Belcher Athelyngstrete). The southern portion of the street was destroyed to allow the formation of Queen Victoria Street in the nineteenth century (Harben). There is still anAddle Hill
in London at the same location though it has been significantly reduced in length.Addle Hill is mentioned in the following documents:
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Aldermanbury
Aldermanbury ran north-south, between Lad Lane in the south and Love Lane in the north and parallel between Wood Street in the west and Basinghall Street in the east. It lay wholly in Cripplegate Ward. This street is not to be confused with Alderman Bury, the former meeting place of the Court of Alderman.Aldermanbury is mentioned in the following documents:
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Angel Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Clement Danes is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bassishaw Alley is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bevis Marks (Street)
Bevis Marks was a street south of the City Wall that ran east-west from Shoemaker Row to the north end of St. Mary Axe Street. It was in Aldgate Ward. Bevis Marks was continued by Duke’s Place.Bevis Marks (Street) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bethlehem Hospital
Although its name evokes the pandemonium of the archetypal madhouse, Bethlehem (Bethlem, Bedlam) Hospital was not always an asylum. As Stow tells us, Saint Mary of Bethlehem began as aPriorie of Cannons with brethren and sisters,
founded in 1247 by Simon Fitzmary,one of the Sheriffes of London
(Stow 1:164). We know from Stow’s Survey that the hospital, part of Bishopsgate ward (without), resided on the west side of Bishopsgate Street, just north of St. Botolph without Bishopsgate (Stow 1:165).Bethlehem Hospital is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bishopsgate Street
Bishopsgate Street ran north from Cornhill Street to the southern end of Shoreditch Street at the city boundary. South of Cornhill, the road became Gracechurch Street, and the two streets formed a major north-south artery in the eastern end of the walled city of London, from London Bridge to Shoreditch. Important sites included: Bethlehem Hospital, a mental hospital, and Bull Inn, a place where plays were performedbefore Shakespeare’s time
(Weinreb and Hibbert 67).Bishopsgate Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Blackfriars (Farringdon Within)
The largest and wealthiest friary in England, Blackfriars was not only a religious institution but also a cultural, intellectual, and political centre of London. The friary housed London’s Dominican friars (known in England as the Black friars) after their move from the smaller Blackfriars precincts in Holborn. The Dominicans’ aquisition of the site, overseen by Robert Kilwardby, began in 1275. Once completed, the precinct was second in size only to St. Paul’s Churchyard, spanning eight acres from the Fleet to St. Andrew’s Hill and from Ludgate to the Thames. Blackfriars remained a political and social hub, hosting councils and even parlimentary proceedings, until its surrender in 1538 pursuant to Henry VIII’s Dissolution of the Monasteries (Holder 27–56).Blackfriars (Farringdon Within) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bladder Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bread Street
Bread Street ran north-south from the Standard (Cheapside) to Knightrider Street, crossing Watling Street. It lay wholly in the ward of Bread Street, to which it gave its name.Bread Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bread Street Hill
Bread Street Hill ran north-south between Old Fish Street and Thames Street. The label for this street on the Agas Map readsBread ſtreat,
but we know from Stow that Bread Street Hill falls betweenHuggen lane
andS. Mary Mounthaunt
(St. Mary Mounthaunt is another name for Old Fish Street Hill) (Stow 2:1).Bread Street Hill is mentioned in the following documents:
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Broad Street
Broad Street ran north-south from All Hallows, London Wall to Threadneedle Street andto a Pumpe ouer against Saint Bennets church
(Stow). Broad Street, labelledBrode Streat
on the Agas map, was entirely in Broad Street Ward. The street’s name was a reference to its width and importance (Harben).Broad Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Little Britain is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bucklersbury is mentioned in the following documents:
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Budge Row
Budge Row ran east-west through Cordwainer Street Ward. It passed through the ward from Soper Lane in the west to Walbrook Street in the east. Beyond Soper Lane, Budge Row became Watling Street. Before it came to be known as Budge Row, it once formed part of Watling Street, one of the Roman roads (Weinreb and Hibbert 107).Budge Row is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bull and Mouth Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Butcher Row is mentioned in the following documents:
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Back Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Berry Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bristol Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Camomile Street (Lime Street Ward)
Camomile Street lay south of the city wall from Bevis Marks to Bishopsgate Street. Camomile Street is the seventeenth century name for a street that was nameless when Stow wrote his Survey of London. Stow merely calls itthe streete which runneth by the north ende of saint Marie streete
(Stow).Camomile Street (Lime Street Ward) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Candlewick Street
Candlewick, Candlewright, or, later, Cannon Street, ran east-west from Walbrook Street in the west to the beginning of Eastcheap at its eastern terminus. Candlewick Street became Eastcheap somewhere around St. Clements Lane, and led into a great meat market (Stow 1:217). Together with streets such as Budge Row, Watling Street, and Tower Street, which all joined into each other, Candlewick Street formed the main east-west road through London between Ludgate and Posterngate.Candlewick Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Cateaton Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Cheapside Street
Cheapside Street, one of the most important streets in early modern London, ran east-west between the Great Conduit at the foot of Old Jewry to the Little Conduit by St. Paul’s churchyard. The terminus of all the northbound streets from the river, the broad expanse of Cheapside Street separated the northern wards from the southern wards. It was lined with buildings three, four, and even five stories tall, whose shopfronts were open to the light and set out with attractive displays of luxury commodities (Weinreb and Hibbert 148). Cheapside Street was the centre of London’s wealth, with many mercers’ and goldsmiths’ shops located there. It was also the most sacred stretch of the processional route, being traced both by the linear east-west route of a royal entry and by the circular route of the annual mayoral procession.Cheapside Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Chiswell Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Clerkenwell Close is mentioned in the following documents:
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Clerkenwell Green is mentioned in the following documents:
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Coleman Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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College Hill
College Hill was located on the boundary between Vintry Ward and Dowgate Ward. It is visible on the Agas map and marked asWhythyngton College.
College Hill is mentioned in the following documents:
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Cornhill
Cornhill was a significant thoroughfare and was part of the cityʼs main major east-west thoroughfare that divided the northern half of London from the southern half. The part of this thoroughfare named Cornhill extended from St. Andrew Undershaft to the three-way intersection of Threadneedle, Poultry, and Cornhill where the Royal Exchange was built. The nameCornhill
preserves a memory both of the cornmarket that took place in this street, and of the topography of the site upon which the Roman city of Londinium was built.Note: Cornhill and Cornhill Ward are nearly synonymous in terms of location and nomenclature - thus, it can be a challenge to tell one from the other. Topographical decisions have been made to the best of our knowledge and ability.Cornhill is mentioned in the following documents:
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Cow Cross Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Crossed Friars
One of the smallest London friaries, Crossed Friars (also known as Crouched Friars or Crutched Friars) housed the Bretheren of the Holy Cross. Despite John Stow’s assertion that the friary was founded in 1298 (Stow 1:147), it is first mentioned by Henry III in 1269, which suggests that Raph Hosiar and William Sabernes gave their founding bequest some time in that decade. Over the next three (or possibly four) centuries, the friars added a dozen more tenaments to the precinct. By the early fourteenth century, the friary occupied over two acres of land south of Hart Street (later dubbed Crutched Friars) that ran along the west side of Woodroffe Lane to Tower Hill. Compared to friaries such as Blackfriars and Greyfriars, Crossed Friars was humble, and the friars’ plan to expand their church was interrupted in 1538 by the Dissolution of the Monasteries (Holder 142–159).Crossed Friars is mentioned in the following documents:
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Castle Alley (Queenhithe)
The Agas map labels this small streetCastell hill.
In The A to Z of Elizabethan London, Prockter and Taylor label this streetCastle Alley
(Prockter and Taylor 21). There does not seem to be any information in Survey of London about this hill or alley. Stow does talk about a Castle Lane further west, between the Blackfriars and the Thames, near the Fleet River.Castle Alley (Queenhithe) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Cloth Fair
Cloth Fair, as implied by its name, bears an innate connection to London’s mercantile culture. Henry A. Harben notes that it[d]erives its name from the clothiers and drapers who inhabited it in former times, and attended the famous Bartholomew Fair
(Harben 154). The location itself was on the Fair Ground between Long Lane and St. Bartholomew the Great.Cloth Fair is mentioned in the following documents:
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Colchester Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Curtain
In 1577, the Curtain, a second purpose-built London playhouse arose in Shoreditch, just north of the City of London. The Curtain, a polygonal amphitheatre, became a major venue for theatrical and other entertainments until at least 1622 and perhaps as late as 1698. Most major playing companies, including the Lord Chamberlain’s Men, the Queen’s Men, and Prince Charles’s Men, played there. It is the likely site for the premiere of Shakespeare’s plays Romeo and Juliet and Henry V.The Curtain is mentioned in the following documents:
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Dowgate Street
Dowgate Street is a high street that runs north-south from Candlewick Street to the Thames. According to Stow, the street marks the beginning of Dowgate Ward at the south end of Walbrook Ward (Stow 1633, sig. Y4r). According to Harben, the street is named afterDowgate
(Harben, Dowgate Hill). According to Stow, the street got its name from the act ofdowne going or descending,
because the street descends to the Thames (Stow 1633, sig. Y4r).Dowgate Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Duke’s Place
According to Stow, Duke’s Place was converted from the Holy Trinity Priory after the priory’s dissolution in 1531. Duke’s Place was the residence of Sir Thomas Audley, to whom it was given by Herny VIII after the priory’s dissolution (Stow 1598, sig. H5v). A church, St. James Duke’s Place, was later added to the site during the reign of James I. The buildings on the site were destroyed in the Great Fire and then rebuilt (Sugden 281).Duke’s Place is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Dunstan’s Hill is mentioned in the following documents:
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Dean Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Flower and Dean Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Dorset Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Eastcheap
Eastcheap Street ran east-west, from Tower Street to St. Martin’s Lane. West of New Fish Street/Gracechurch Street, Eastcheap was known asGreat Eastcheap.
The portion of the street to the east of New Fish Street/Gracechurch Street was known asLittle Eastcheap.
Eastcheap (Eschepe or Excheapp) was the site of a medieval food market.Eastcheap is mentioned in the following documents:
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New Fish Street
New Fish Street (also known in the seventeenth century as Bridge Street) ran north-south from London Bridge at the south to the intersection of Eastcheap, Gracechurch Street, and Little Eastcheap in the north (Harben 432; BHO). At the time, it was the main thoroughfare to London Bridge (Sugden 191). It ran on the boundary between Bridge Within Ward on the west and Billingsgate Ward on the east. It is labelled on the Agas map asNew Fyſhe ſtreate.
Variant spellings includeStreet of London Bridge,
Brigestret,
Brugestret,
andNewfishstrete
(Harben 432; BHO).New Fish Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Gracechurch Street
Gracechurch Street ran north-south from Cornhill Street near Leadenhall Market to the bridge. At the southern end, it was calledNew Fish Street.
North of Cornhill, Gracechurch continued as Bishopsgate Street, leading through Bishop’s Gate out of the walled city into the suburb of Shoreditch.Gracechurch Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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East Smithfield
East Smithfield is a district located east of the City of London and northeast of the Tower of London. Its name derives fromsmoothfield ,
with the prefixeast
helping to differentiate it from the Smithfield northwest of Cripplegate (Harben). As time progressed, it transformed from what Stow describes as aplot of ground
with very few houses into a densely populated area by the mid-seventeenth century (Stow; Harben).East Smithfield is mentioned in the following documents:
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Eagle Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Black Eagle Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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New Fashion Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Fashion Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Fell Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Fenchurch Street
Fenchurch Street (often called Fennieabout) ran east-west from the pump on Aldgate High Street to Gracechurch Street in Langbourne Ward, crossing Mark Lane, Mincing Lane, and Rodd Lane along the way. Fenchurch Street was home to several famous landmarks, including the King’s Head Tavern, where the then-Princess Elizabeth is said to have partaken inpork and peas
after her sister, Mary I, released her from the Tower of London in May of 1554 (Weinreb, Hibbert, Keay, and Keay 288). Fenchurch Street was on the royal processional route through the city, toured by monarchs on the day before their coronations.Fenchurch Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Finsbury is mentioned in the following documents:
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Old Fish Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Old Fish Street Hill
Old Fish Street Hill ran north-south between Old Fish Street and Thames Street. Stow refers to this street both asold Fishstreete hill
andSaint Mary Mounthaunt Lane.
Old Fish Street Hill is mentioned in the following documents:
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Fleet Street
Fleet Street runs east-west from Temple Bar to Fleet Hill or Ludgate Hill, and is named for the Fleet River. The road has existed since at least the twelfth century (Sugden 195) and known since the fourteenth century as Fleet Street (Beresford 26). It was the location of numerous taverns including the Mitre and the Star and the Ram.Fleet Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Fore Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Fryer Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Friday Street
Friday Street passed south through Bread Street Ward, beginning at the cross in Cheapside Street and ending at Old Fish Street. It was one of many streets that ran into Cheapside Street market whose name is believed to originate from the goods that were sold there.Friday Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Garlick Hill
Garlick Hill ran north from the Thames. Before it reached Cheapside Street, it became Bow Lane. The nameGarlick Hill
preserves a memory of the steep incline (now partially flattened) leading away from the river. Like Bread Street, Garlick Hill was built in the ninth century; it provided access from the haven of Queenhithe (just to the west of Garlick Hill) to Cheapside Street.Garlick Hill is mentioned in the following documents:
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George Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Giltspur Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Goldsmiths’ Row
Goldsmiths’ Row was a section on the south side of Cheapside Street, by Cheapside Cross. Goldsmiths’ Row and the shops and homes of other wealthy merchants made the street an elite and attractive one.Goldsmiths’ Row is mentioned in the following documents:
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Goswell Road is mentioned in the following documents:
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Grub Street
Grub Street could be found outside the walled City of London. It ran north-south, between Everades Well Street in the north and Fore Lane in the south. Grub Street was partially in Cripplegate ward, and partially outside the limits of the City of London.Grub Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Hatton Wall Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Hatton Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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East Harding Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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West Harding Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Hart Street
Hart Street ran east-west from Crutched Fryers and the north end of Seething Lane to Mark Lane. In Stow’s time, the street began much further east, running from the north end of Woodroffe Lane to Mark Lane (Harben; Stow).Hart Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Great St. Helen’s Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Little St. Helen’s Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Hockley in the Hole is mentioned in the following documents:
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Holborn
Holborn ran east-west from the junction of Hosier Lane, Cock Lane and Snow Hill to St. Giles High Street, and passed through Farringdon Without Ward and Westminster.Holborn is mentioned in the following documents:
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Holywell Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Houndsditch Street
Running southeast from Bishopsgate Street to Aldgate Street outside the city wall, Houndsditch Street passed through Bishopsgate Ward and Portsoken Ward. It was first paved in 1603 (Harben 311). Houndsditch Street took its name from nearby Houndsditch. Stow refers to the neighbourhood surrounding Houndsditch Street asHoundsditch
:(within the limits of Hounds-ditch) dwell many a good and honest Citizen
(Stow 1633, sig. M1v).Houndsditch Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Jewin Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. John Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. John’s Court is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Katherine’s Lane is mentioned in the following documents:
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King Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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King Edward Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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King Tudor Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Kirby Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Knightrider Street
Knightrider Street ran east-west from Dowgate Street to Addle Hill, crossing College Hill, Garlick Hill, Trinity Lane, Huggin Lane, Bread Street, Old Fish Street Hill, Lambert or Lambeth Hill, St. Peter’s Hill, and Paul’s Chain. Significant landmarks included: the College of Physicians and Doctors’ Commons.Knightrider Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Lambeth Hill
Lambeth Hill ran north-south between Knightrider Street and Thames Street. Part of it lay in Queenhithe Ward and part in Castle Baynard Ward. The Blacksmiths’ Hall was located on the west side of this street, but the precise location is unknown.Lambeth Hill is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Laurence Poultney Hill is mentioned in the following documents:
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Leadenhall is mentioned in the following documents:
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Lime Street
Lime Street is a street that ran north-south from Leadenhall Street in the north to Fenchurch Street in the south. It was west of St. Andrew Undershaft and east of Leadenhall. It appears that the street was so named because people made or sold Lime there (Stow). This claim has some historical merit; in the 1150s one Ailnoth the limeburner lived in the area (Harben; BHO).Lime Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Lincoln’s Inn Fields
According to Carlin and Belcher, Lincoln’s Inn Fields were formerly referred to asCup Field
orPurse Field
(Carlin and Belcher 84). The namesake for the location is Lincoln’s Inn, one of the Inns of Court. The fields were located east of Lincoln’s Inn and west of Covent Garden.Lincoln’s Inn Fields is mentioned in the following documents:
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Liquorpond Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Lothbury is mentioned in the following documents:
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London Wall (street)
London Wall was a long street running along the inside of the northern part of the City Wall. It ran east-west from the north end of Broad Street to Cripplegate (Prockter and Taylor 43). The modern London Wall street is a major traffic thoroughfare now. It follows roughly the route of the former wall, from Old Broad Street to the Museum of London (whose address is 150 London Wall).London Wall (street) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Ludgate Hill
Ludgate Hill, also known as Fleet Hill, ran east-west from St. Paul’s Churchyard, past Ludgate, to an undetermined point before Fleet Bridge. It was the raised portion of the greater Ludgate Street leading up out of Fleet Street. The hill is labelledFlete hyll
on the Agas map.Ludgate Hill is mentioned in the following documents:
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Ludgate Street
According to Harben, Ludgate Street ran east-west from St. Paul’s Churchyard to about Old Bailey, though, the actual street probably stretched further west to the point where Ludgate Street became Fleet Street (Harben). It is often used synonymously with Ludgate Hill but MoEML understands Ludgate Hill to have been, rather, the raised portion of the larger Ludgate Street. A section of Ludgate Street was also called Bowyer Row,[so called] of Bowiers dwelling there in old time
(Stow 1598, sig. T1v).Ludgate Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Lombard Street
Lombard Street was known by early modern Londoners as a place of commerce and trade. Running east to west from Gracechurch Street to Poultry, Lombard Street bordered Langbourn Ward, Walbrook Ward, Bridge Within Ward, and Candlewick Street Ward.Lombard Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Martin’s Lane (le Grand)
St. Martin’s Lane (le Grand) ran north-south between St. Anne’s Lane and Cheapside Street and was located at the western edge of Aldersgate Ward. The street takes its name from the church of St. Martin’s le Grand located to the east of the street. This portion of the Agas map is labelledS. Martins
referring to either or both the church and the street. This street is not to be confused with St. Martin’s Lane (Strand) or St. Martin’s Lane (Bridge Within Ward).St. Martin’s Lane (le Grand) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Mary Axe
The church of St. Mary Axe was a church on the west side of St. Mary Axe Street in Lime Street Ward. Stow asserts the church’s full name and dedication wasS. Marie the virgine, Saint Vrsula, and the 11000. Virgins
and believed that its common name, St. Mary Axe, derived from a sign near the church’s east side (Stow). However, a document written during the reign of Henry VIII suggests a different history of its name. The church, dedicated to 11,000 martyred virgins, supposedly contained the three axes that were used in their executions (Harben).St. Mary Axe is mentioned in the following documents:
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Milk Street
Milk Street, located in Cripplegate Ward, began on the north side of Cheapside Street, and ran north to a square formed at the intersection of Milk Street, Cat Street (Lothbury), Lad Lane, and Aldermanbury.Milk Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Minories Street
Running south from Aldgate Street to Little Tower Hill, Minories derives its name from the Abbey of St. Clare, called the Abbey of the Minoresses of St. Clare, which stood at the street’s midpoint (Harben 416).Minories Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Little Minories is mentioned in the following documents:
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Montague Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Moorfields
A low-lying marshy area just northeast of Moorgate and on the way to the Curtain, Moorfields was home to a surprising range of activities and accompanying cultural associations in early modern London. Beggars and the mentally ill patients of neighbouring Bethlehem Hospital often frequented the area. Some used the public space to bleach and dry linen, and the Honorable Artillery Company also used it as an official training ground. Moorfields was even a popular suburban destination for ice skating when its water froze during the winter. Moorfields was generallyfull of noysome waters
(Stow 2:77) until 1605–1607, when it was successfully drained, levelled, and beautified with tree-lined pedestrian pathways. At this point, it transformed into a fashionable place for the genteel to see and to be seen. The history of Moorfields provides insight into social, political, environmental, and medical issues in early modern London.Moorfields is mentioned in the following documents:
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Little Moorfields is mentioned in the following documents:
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Monkwell Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Middle Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Monmouth Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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New Canal is mentioned in the following documents:
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Newgate Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Noble Street
Noble Street ran north-south between Maiden Lane (Wood Street) in the south and Silver Street in the north. It isall of Aldersgate street ward
(Stow). On the Agas map, it is labelled asNoble Str.
and is depicted as having a right-hand curve at its north end, perhaps due to an offshoot of the London Wall.Noble Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Norton Folgate is mentioned in the following documents:
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Newcastle Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Chancery Lane
Chancery Lane was built sometime around 1160 by the Knights Templar on land they owned. It ran north-south between Fleet Street at the south end to Holborn in the North, and was originally called New Street. The current name dates from the time of Ralph Neville, who was Bishop of Chichester and Lord Chancellor of England (Bebbington 78). The area around the street came into his possession whenin 1227 Henry III gave him land for a palace in this lane: hence Bishop’s Court and Chichester Rents, small turnings out of Chancery Lane
(Bebbington 78).Chancery Lane is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Olave Street
A street near the bank of the Thames near to St. Thomas Hospital.St. Olave Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Old Bailey
The Old Bailey ran along the outside of the London Wall near Newgate (Stow 1598, sig. U8v). It is labelled on the Agas map asOlde baily.
Old Bailey is mentioned in the following documents:
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Old Change is mentioned in the following documents:
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Old Jewry
Old Jewry ran north-south between Lothbury and Poultry and was located in Cheap Ward and Coleman Street Ward. The street was named for being one of the places where Jews inhabited in London before Edward I expelled the entire Jewish population from England in 1290 (Harben).Old Jewry is mentioned in the following documents:
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Old Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Paternoster Row is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Paul’s Churchyard
Surrounding St. Paul’s Cathedral, St. Paul’s Churchyard has had a multi-faceted history in use and function, being the location of burial, crime, public gathering, and celebration. Before its destruction during the civil war, St. Paul’s Cross was located in the middle of the churchyard, providing a place for preaching and the delivery of Papal edicts (Thornbury).St. Paul’s Churchyard is mentioned in the following documents:
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Paul’s Chain
Paul’s Chain was a street that ran north-south between St Paul’s Churchyard and Paul’s Wharf, crossing over Carter Lane, Knightrider Street, and Thames Street. It was in Castle Baynard Ward. On the Agas map, it is labelledPaules chayne.
The precinct wall around St. Paul’s Church had six gates, one of which was on the south side by Paul’s Chain. It was here that a chain used to be drawn across the carriage-way entrance in order to preserve silence during church services.Paul’s Chain is mentioned in the following documents:
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Great Pearl Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Posterngate is mentioned in the following documents:
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Poultry is mentioned in the following documents:
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Puddle Dock Hill is mentioned in the following documents:
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Pie Corner is mentioned in the following documents:
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Little Pearl Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Peter’s Hill is mentioned in the following documents:
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New Queen Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Queenhithe
Queenhithe is one of the oldest havens or harbours for ships along the Thames. Hyd is an Anglo-Saxon word meaninglanding place.
Queenhithe was known in the ninth century as Aetheredes hyd orthe landing place of Aethelred.
Aethelred was the son-in-law of Alfred the Great (the first king to unify England and have any real authority over London), anealdorman
(I.e., alderman) of the former kingdom of Mercia, and ruler of London (Sheppard 70).Queenhithe is mentioned in the following documents:
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Redcross Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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River Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Saffron Hill is mentioned in the following documents:
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Shoreditch
A suburban neighbourhood located just north of Moorfields and outside Londonʼs City Wall, Shoreditch was a focal point of early modern theatrical culture. Following a boom in Londonʼs population from 1550 to 1600, the neighbourhood became a prime target for development. The building of the Theatre in 1576 and the Curtain in the following year established Shoreditchʼs reputation as Londonʼs premier entertainment district, and the neigbourhood also featured a growing number of taverns, alehouses, and brothels. These latter establishments were often frequented by local players, of whom many prominent members were buried on the grounds of nearby St. Leonardʼs Church. Today, Shoreditch faces the potential revival of its early modern theatrical culture through the efforts of the Museum of London Archaeology and the Tower Hamlets Theatre Company.Shoreditch is mentioned in the following documents:
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Silver Street
Silver Street was a small but historically significant street that ran east-west, emerging out of Noble Street in the west and merging into Addle Street in the east. Monkwell Street (labelledMuggle St.
on the Agas map) lay to the north of Silver Street and seems to have marked its westernmost point, and Little Wood Street, also to the north, marked its easternmost point. Silver Street ran through Cripplegate Ward and Farringdon Within Ward. It is labelled asSyluer Str.
on the Agas map and is drawn correctly. Perhaps the most noteworthy historical fact about Silver Street is that it was the location of one of the houses in which William Shakespeare dwelled during his time in London.Silver Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Snow Hill is mentioned in the following documents:
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Southampton House is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Strand
Named for its location on the bank of the Thames, the Strand leads outside the City of London from Temple Bar through what was formerly the Duchy of Lancaster to Charing Cross in what was once the city of Westminster. There were three main phases in the evolution of the Strand in early modern times: occupation by the bishops, occupation by the nobility, and commercial development.The Strand is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sutton Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Stonecutter Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Strangeway Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Middle Temple
Middle Temple was one of the four Inns of CourtMiddle Temple is mentioned in the following documents:
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Inner Temple
Inner Temple was one of the four Inns of CourtInner Temple is mentioned in the following documents:
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Thames Street
Thames Street was the longest street in early modern London, running east-west from the ditch around the Tower of London in the east to St. Andrew’s Hill and Puddle Wharf in the west, almost the complete span of the city within the walls.Thames Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Thomas Apostle is mentioned in the following documents:
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Threadneedle Street
Threadneedle Street ran east-west from Bishopsgate Street to Cornhill and the Stocks Market. It passed the north end of the Royal Exchange and was entirely in Broad Street Ward. Threadneedle Street, also called Three Needle Street, is clearly visible on the Agas map. It was apparently very well known for its taverns.Threadneedle Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Throgmorton Street
Throgmorton Street was in Broad Street Ward and ran east-west from Broad Street to Lothbury and Bartholomew Lane. Throgmorton Street appears unlabelled on the Agas map running west from Broad Street, under the Drapers’ Hall. Stow’s description of Throgmorton Street is somewhat more detailed than that of other streets because he had a personal connection to it: his father owned land there.Throgmorton Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Tower Street
Tower Street ran east-west from Tower Hill in the east to St. Andrew Hubbard. It was the principal street of Tower Street Ward. That the ward is named after the street indicates the cultural significance of Tower Street, which was a key part of the processional route through London and home to many wealthy merchants who traded in the goods that were unloaded at the docks and quays immediately south of Tower Street (for example, Billingsgate, Wool Key, and Galley Key).Tower Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Tower Hill
Tower Hill was a large area of open ground north and west of the Tower of London. It is most famous as a place of execution; there was a permanent scaffold and gallows on the hillfor the execution of such Traytors or Transgressors, as are deliuered out of the Tower, or otherwise to the Shiriffes of London
(Stow).Tower Hill is mentioned in the following documents:
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Little Tower Hill
Little Tower Hill was a common northeast of the Tower of London, between East Smithfield and the Minories. According to Stow, it had becomegreatly diminished by building of tenements and garden plots
by 1593, flanked to the north and west bycertaine faire Almes houses, strongly builded of Bricke and timber, and couered with slate for the poore
(Stow).Little Tower Hill is mentioned in the following documents:
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Tower Ditch
The Tower Ditch, or Tower Moat, was part of the Tower of London’s medieval defences. It was built by the Bishop of Ely William de Longchamp while Richard I was crusading in the Holy Land (1187-1192) (Harben). The ditch was used as a dumping ground for plague victim corpses, human waste from the Tower, and meat carcasses from East Smithfield market.Tower Ditch is mentioned in the following documents:
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Tower Royal is mentioned in the following documents:
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Turnmill Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Thrawl Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Timber Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Vine Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Walbrook is mentioned in the following documents:
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Watling Street
Watling Street ran east-west between St. Sythes Lane in Cordwainer Street Ward and Old Change in Bread Street Ward. It is visible on the Agas map under the labelWatlinge ſtreat.
Stow records that the street is also commonly known asNoble Street
(Stow 1598, sig. O4v). This should not lead to confusion with Noble Street in Aldersgate Ward. There is an etymological explanation for this crossover of names. According to Ekwall, the nameWatling
ultimately derives from an Old English word meaningking’s son
(Ekwall 81-82). Watling Street remains distinct from the Noble Street in Aldersgate Ward.Watling Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Wentford Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Westbury Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Smithfield
Smithfield was an open, grassy area located outside the Wall. Because of its location close to the city centre, Smithfield was used as a site for markets, tournaments, and public executions. From 1123 to 1855, the Bartholomew’s Fair took place at Smithfield (Weinreb, Hibbert, Keay, and Keay 842).Smithfield is mentioned in the following documents:
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Wheeler Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Whitecross Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Whitechapel
Whitechapel was a street running east-west to the Aldgate Bars from the east. Stow comments that the street, like Aldgate Street, wasfully replenished with buildings outward, & also pestered with diuerse Allyes, on eyther side
(Stow).Whitechapel is mentioned in the following documents:
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Wich Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Wood Street
Wood Street ran north-south, connecting at its southernmost end with Cheapside Street and continuing northward to Little Wood Street, which led directly into Cripplegate. It crossed over Huggin Lane, Lad Lane, Maiden Lane (Wood Street), Love Lane, Addle Lane, and Silver Street, and ran parallel to Milk Street in the east and Gutter Lane in the west. Wood Street lay within Cripplegate Ward. It is labelled asWood Streat
on the Agas map and is drawn in the correct position.Wood Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Wormwood Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Water Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Winchester Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Rose and Crown is mentioned in the following documents:
Organizations
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Mercers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Mercers
The Mercers’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London. The Mercers were first in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Mercers is still active and maintains a website at https://www.mercers.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Grocers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Grocers
The Grocers’ Company (previously the Pepperers’ Company) was one of the twelve great companies of London. The Grocers were second in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Grocers is still active and maintains a website at https://grocershall.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Drapers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Drapers
The Drapers’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London. The Drapers were third in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Drapers is still active and maintains a website at https://www.thedrapers.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company and bibliography.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Fishmongers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Fishmongers
The Fishmongers’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London, formed in 1536 out of the merger of the Stock Fishmongers and the Salt Fishmongers. The Fishmongers were fourth in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Fishmongers is still active and maintains a website at https://fishmongers.org.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Goldsmiths’ Company
Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths
The Goldsmiths’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London. The Goldsmiths were fifth in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths is still active and maintains a website at https://www.thegoldsmiths.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company and explains the company’s role in the annual Trial of the Pyx.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Skinners’ Company
Worshipful Company of Skinners
The Skinners’ Company (previously the Fraternity of Taylors and Linen Armourers of St. John the Baptist) was one of the twelve great companies of London. Since 1484, the Skinners and the Merchant Taylors have alternated precedence annually; the Skinners are now sixth in precedence in even years and seventh in odd years, changing precedence at Easter. The Worshipful Company of Skinners is still active and maintains a website at http://www.theskinnerscompany.org.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Merchant Taylors’ Company
Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors
The Merchant Taylors’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London. Since 1484, the Merchant Taylors and the Skinners have alternated precedence annually; the Merchant Taylors are now sixth in precedence in odd years and seventh in even years, changing precedence at Easter. The Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors is still active and maintains a website at http://www.merchanttaylors.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company and a list of historical milestones.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Haberdashers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Haberdashers
The Haberdashers’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London. The Haberdashers were eighth in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Haberdashers is still active and maintains a website at http://www.haberdashers.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company and history of their hall.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Salters’ Company
Worshipful Company of Salters
The Salters’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London. The Salters were ninth in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Salters is still active and maintains a website at http://www.salters.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Ironmongers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Ironmongers
The Ironmongers’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London. The Ironmongers were tenth in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Ironmongers is still active and maintains a website at http://www.ironmongers.org/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Vintners’ Company
Worshipful Company of Vintners
The Vintners’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London. The Vintners were eleventh in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Vintners is still active and maintains a website at https://www.vintnershall.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Clothworkers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Clothworkers
The Clothworkers’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London, formed in 1528 out of the merger of the Fullers and the Shearmen. The Clothworkers were twelfth in the order of precedence. The Worshipful Company of Clothworkers is still active and maintains a website at https://www.clothworkers.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Court of Aldermen
The Court of Aldermen was composed of senior officials known asaldermen,
who were each elected to represent one ward of London. The Mayor of London oversaw the Court of Aldermen and was himself an alderman. Historically, the Court of Aldermen was the primary administrative body for the Corporation of London; however, by the early modern period, many of its responsibilities had been transferred to the Court of Common Council. The Court of Aldermen exists today in a somewhat modified form.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Court of Common Council
The Court of Common Council was comprised of men elected from each ward. It was distinct from the Court of Aldermen.Roles played in the project
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Author
Contributions by this author
This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Parliament of England
The Parliament of England was a legislative branch of the Kingdom of England, founded by William the Conquerer in 1066.This organization is mentioned in the following documents: