This scene is from The Rhinegold in
Volume I of Margaret
Armour’s translation of
Richard
Wagner's Der Ring des
Nibelungen. Wagner based his work largely on Old
Norse sources preserved in Iceland and to a lesser extent on the
German heroic poem Nibelunglied.
Arthur Rackham's
watercolour depicts the Rhinemaidens, Flosshilde, Wellgunde, and Woglinde,
frolicking in the Rhine River where they guard a hoard of gold
that can only be taken from them by someone who has renounced
love.
The text for the illustration states,
The frolic of the Rhinemaidens
Source: Volume I: The Rhinegold ; & The
Valkyrie
Folio or Page: [4]
Medium: watercolour
Date: 1939
Dimensions (mm): 180 x 125
Provenance:
This illustration is from Special
Collections in the MacPherson
Library at the University of Victoria, Victoria,
British Columbia, Canada. Call number: ML410 W195A7
Rights:
This illustration from The Rhinegold
is in the public domain.
Research notes, early print reviews, etc.:
Richard Wagner's Der Ring Des Nibelungen is
commonly referred to in English as The Ring Cycle.
The individual operas are 1) Das Rheingold (The Rhine Gold), 2) Die
Walküre / Die Valküre (The Valkyrie), 3) Siegfried and 4)
Götterdämmerung (The Twilight
of the Gods). Wagner based his work largely on Old Norse sources
preserved in Iceland and to a lesser extent on the German heroic poem Nibelunglied.
Árni Björnsson notes in Wagner and the Volsungs: Icelandic
Sources of Der Ring Des Nibelungen that Wagner derived
Alberich's name from Albrich in the heroic poem Das
Nibelungenlied, and that Alberich is associated with Andvari in
the Icelandic Prose Edda and in the Old Norse
saga,Volsungs Saga, as well as Álfrekr in the
Old Norse saga, Þiðreks saga af Bern (c. 1250) (132).
Árni Björnsson notes in Wagner and the Volsungs: Icelandic
Sources of Der Ring Des Nibelungen that Wagner invented the
names for the "Rhine Maidens" and that they were "largely Wagner's own
creation, though they may have been based on various folk-tales" (131).
Bibliography:
Primary Source
Wagner,
Richard. Der Ring Des
Nibelungen
Leipzig: von J. J. Weber
1863.
Editions and Translations
Wagner,
Richard. The Rhine Gold & The Valkyrie
Translated by
Margaret
Armour,
London: William Heinemann
Ltd.
1939.
Secondary Sources
Björnsson,
Árni. Wagner and the Volsungs : Icelandic Sources of Der Ring Des
Nibelungen. London: Viking
Society for Northern Research, 2003.
Flosshilde (ger.)One of Richard Wagner's three Rhinemaidens, who
live in the Rhine and guard its gold, in Der Ring Des Nibelungen.
Wellgunde (ger.)One of Richard Wagner's three Rhinemaidens, who
live in the Rhine and guard its gold, in Der Ring Des Nibelungen.
Woglinde (ger.)One of Richard Wagner's three Rhinemaidens, who
live in the Rhine and guard its gold, in Der Ring Des Nibelungen.
Nouns
Edwardian (en.)The
Edwardian era began with the reign of King Edward VII, 1901 to 1910
(January 22, 1901 - 28 July, 1914). However, the era's end date is
sometimes extended to the beginning of World War 1 (28 July
1914).
Rheintöchter (ger.)
Rhinemaidens (en.)Wagner invented three
water nymphs who lived in the Rhine and guarded its gold.
Victorian (en.)The
Victorian era began with the reign of Queen Victoria and ended with her
death (June 20, 1837 – January 22, 1901).
Source Materials:
Das Rheingold (ger.)
The Rhinegold (en.)
Das Rheingold (The Rhinegold): the first opera in
Volume One of Richard Wagner's Der Ring
Des Nibelungen.
Der Ring Des Nibelungen (ger.)
The Ring Cycle (en.)
A group of four German operas composed by Richard Wagner that is
collectively known as Der Ring Des
Nibelungen and in English as The Ring Cycle.
The individual operas are 1) Das Rheingold (The
Rhinegold), 2) Die Walküre / Die Valküre (The
Valkyrie), 3) Siegfried and 4) Götterdämmerung (The Twilight of the Gods) Wagner based his
work largely on Old Norse sources preserved in Iceland and to a lesser
extent on the German heroic poem Nibelunglied.
Source Persons
Armour,
Margaret (en.)
b. September 10, 1860
d. October 13, 1943
Nationality: Scottish
Occupation: poet, novelist and translator
In 1910, Armour translated the four operas comprising Richard Wagner's
Der Ring Des Nibelungen into
English. Her translation was published in two volumes. 1) Volume One:
Das Rheingold (The Rhinegold), and Die Walküre / Die Valküre (The
Valkyrie) was published in 1910, and Volume Two: Siegfried and
Götterdämmerung (The Twilight of the Gods) was published in 1911. The
volumes were illustrated by Arthur Rackham with a total of sixty-four
colour plates, as well as black and white vignettes and
tailpieces.
Rackham,
Arthur (en.)
b. 1867
d. 1939
Nationality: English
Occupation: illustrator
Residence: London
One of the most prominent illustrators during the Golden Age of
British Book Illustration (c. 1880 - 1930). His illustrations of Norse
mythology frequently appeared in "Little Folks" which were collected and
published in the Land of Enchantment. Rackham
also created 64 coloured plates for the English translation of Richard
Wagner's Der Ring des
Nibelungen, The Ring of the Niblung. The
Rhinegold and the Valkyrie bound with Siegfried and the Twilight of
the Gods.
Wagner,
Richard (ger.)
b. 16 September 1800
d. 4 December 1886
Nationality: German
Occupation: Author, Teacher and Philologist
Residence: Leipzig, Germany
German composer, theatre director, and conductor who wrote both the
music and the libretto for Der Ring Des
Nibelungen opera.
