<rs>Digital image of the illustration on page [156] of <title level="m" xml:lang="en"/> in <title level="m" xml:lang="en">Volume I: The Rhinegold ; & The Valkyrie from Richard Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen. 934 KB This digital image is from The Valkyrie in Volume I: The Rhinegold ; & The Valkyrie from Richard Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen. The University of Victoria 2026 Victoria, B.C., Canada

This illustration from The Rhinegold is in the public domain.

 RngNbLng-V01-156-Plt

Richard Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen is commonly referred to in English as The Ring Cycle. The individual operas are 1) Das Rheingold (The Rhine Gold), 2) Die Walküre / Die Valküre (The Valkyrie), 3) Siegfried and 4) Götterdämmerung (The Twilight of the Gods).

Árni Björnsson notes in Wagner and the Volsungs: Icelandic Sources of <title level="m">Der Ring des Nibelungen that "the names and conduct of the gods are largely consistent with the descriptions given in the Prose Edda of Óðinn, Frigg, Freyja, Freyr, Þórr and Loki (SnE G20-35). The names have, however, existed in various different forms in Germanic dialects, and Wagner creates their characters with considerable freedom" (134).

Björnsson notes that "the enchanted flames around Brynhildr's hall" are mentioned in Helreið Brynhildar (9-10)...and are also mentioned in the eddic poem Fáfnismál (42-43) and in the prose introduction to Sigrdrífumál, as well as in the Prose Edda (SnsE S41) and Völsunga saga (ch. 21), but not in Das Nibelungenlied or any othe rmedieval German poem" (182).

N.B.: The colour plates for pages 156, 158 and 160 refer to the text respectively on pages 159 and 160.

 Volume I: The Rhinegold ; & The Valkyrie 1939 [156] Victoria University of Victoria: Special Collections and University Archives, Lower Level. Call number: ML410 W195A7 Loke and the Wall of Flames author Richard Wagner March 3, 1825-March 3, 1879 MargaretArmour- illustrator Arthur Rackham September 19, 1867-September 6, 1939 paper 247 183

This scene is from the second opera, The Valkyrie, in Volume I of Margaret Armour’s translation of Richard Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen. Wagner based his work largely on Old Norse sources preserved in Iceland and, to a lesser extent, on the German heroic poem Nibelunglied. Arthur Rackham's watercolour depicts Óðinn, who has taken pity on Brünnhilde and commanded Loge to surround her hall with flames so that only a hero will be able to wake her. The text for the illustration states, "Appear, flickering fire, Encircle the rock with thy flame ! Loge ! Loge ! Appear!" 189 125 watercolour

This illustration was created by Arthur Rackham in London, for the 1910 edition of Der Ring des Nibelungen.

This illustration is from Special Collections in the McPherson Library at the University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Call number: ML410 W195A7

The digital image repository, MyNDIR, began as part of P. A. Baer's Ph.D. project An Old Norse Image Hoard: From the Analog Past to the Digital Present. The original proto-type for a digital image repository and web page featured illustrations of Old Norse gods and heroes from manuscripts and early print sources. The website was launched on June 6, 2013 with one hundred and one illustrations.

In the fall of 2018, MyNDIR became part of the Endings Project in the Humanities Computing and Media Centre at the University of Victoria. The purpose of the project is to archive websites by creating a static version of a site that can be used independent of the internet.

I initially used a Roma Schema with the modules: core, tei, header, textstructure, msdescription, namesdates, certainty, figures, transcr and linking.

All proper nouns for the metadata for the illustrations are marked up with TEI P5 by using: <gi>persName</gi> for beings such as gods, giants, humans, authors, illustrators etc. and <gi>name</gi> for animals, monsters, and artifacts. The <att>xml:id</att>s for proper nouns are always mixed case abbreviations that begin with a capital. The <gi>list</gi> elements always have <att>type</att> and usually have <att>subtype</att> as well. All other TEI tags such as: <placeName/> for places, <orgName/> for archives, and <person/> were used in the manner demonstrated by the TEI P5 guidelines. I use the <att>xml:lang</att> for all of these elements. The keyword items for all proper nouns are linked to further descriptive data in a Names directory (names.xml).

Keyword items consisting of simple nouns, are marked up as <gi>term</gi> to correspond to names of artifacts, animals, and monsters, e.g. Megingjörð = belt, Sleipnir = horse, Jörmungandr = serpent. The keyword items for all simple nouns are also entered in the names.xml file. The <att>xml:id</att>s for simple nouns are not abbreviated, always begin in lower case, are always in English, and are camel back when consisting of more than one word.

The critical approach for the selection of illustrations is focused through the theoretical lens of Material Philology which considers books and their material details, such as covers and illustrations, as cultural artifacts. This selection criteria results in a repository of images that is capable of revealing aspects of book history, culture, and production that the words of the texts alone cannot provide. Consequently, iterations of illustrations with minimal differences are not only included but valued for their research potential, e.g., illustrations from the first and second editions of Kongesagaer.

Old Norse orthography was the preferred representation for all names; however the English orthography was supplied in the keywords for Þōrr for Thor. Old Norse, English and other spellings were recorded in the names.xml file.

The spelling conventions for Old Norse conform to the practice established in An Icelandic-English Dictionary Cleasby,Richard and Vigfússon,Guðbrandur Clarendon Press Oxford 1957 , i.e., the stem of the name plus its nominative marker.

 Used to supply editor, author, illustrator etc. English </item> <!-- FIX change the title of the opera when necessary --> <item><title ref="#VlKyr-RngNbLng-Vol-01"/></item> <item><term ref="#VcTrn"/></item> <item><term ref="#EdWdn"/></item> <item><persName ref="#RchrdWgnr01"/></item> <item><persName ref="#MrgrtArmr01"/></item> <item><persName ref="#RckHm01"/></item> <item><persName ref="#OdiN01"/></item> <item><persName ref="#BrHldr01"/></item> <item><persName ref="#LoK01"/></item> </list> </keywords> </textClass> </profileDesc> <revisionDesc> <list> <item> <date when="2024-09-25">2024-09-25</date> The illustration was photographed by Trish Baer and Emma Smith-Carrier in UVic's Special Collections with a Nikon D40 using an AF Mircro Nikkor 60mm 1:2:8 D lens and saved as fine JPEG file.</item> <item><date when="2024-09-25">2024-09-25</date>Emma Smith-Carrier cropped the image</item> </list> </revisionDesc> </teiHeader> <facsimile> <!-- FIX - the jpg file name and fill in the px dimensions below--> <graphic url="images/RngNbLng-V01-156-Plt.jpg" mimeType="image/jpeg" width="1299px" height="1782px"/> </facsimile> <text> <body> <div> <figure> <!-- We are no longer using figDesc in the body --> <figDesc/> </figure> </div> </body> <back> <div type="bibliography"> <listBibl> <head>Primary Source</head> <bibl xml:id="Wagner-Nibelungen-1863"> <author><name><surname>Wagner</surname>, <forename>Richard</forename></name></author>. <title>Der Ring des Nibelungen Leipzig: von J. J. Weber, 1863. Editions and Translations Wagner, Richard. The Rhine Gold & The Valkyrie Translated by Margaret Armour, London: William Heinemann Ltd. 1939. Secondary Sources Björnsson, Árni. Wagner and the Volsungs : Icelandic Sources of Der Ring des Nibelungen. London: Viking Society for Northern Research, 2003.
Anomalies Loki Loge

In Norse mythology, Loki is counted among the gods but he is a giant by birth.

 InThe Ring of the Nibelung, Richard Wagner created Loge by combining the figure of Loki, who is counted to be among the gods in the Prose Edda, with the giant Logi,who is the personification of fire in the myth concerning Þórr´s Journey to the Court of Útgarða-Loki. Gods and Goddesses Óðinn Odin Wotan

The chief god of the Æsir in The Prose Edda. However, in Heimskringla he was a mortal who tricks the King of Sweden into believing that he was a god.

Richard Wagner in The Ring of the Nibelung based Wotan on Óðinn.

 Historical Persons, i.e. from Heimskringla, Saxo, sagas etc. Brynhildr Brünnhilde

The valkyrie in Völsunga Saga that Sigurðr promised to marry, but then tricked her into marrying Gunnarr. When Brynhildr discovered that he had deceived her, she killed Sigurðr and then herself.

Richard Wagner based Brünnhilde in The Ring Cycle on Brynhildr. In the Poetic Edda, Brynhildr is Óðinn's adoptive daughter, but Wagner made her Wotan's daughter.

 NounsEdwardianThe Edwardian era began with the reign of King Edward VII, 1901 to 1910 (January 22, 1901 - July 28, 1914). However, the era's end date is sometimes extended to the beginning of World War 1 (28 July 1914).VictorianThe Victorian era began with the reign of Queen Victoria and ended with her death (June 20, 1837 – January 22, 1901).Source Materials: <ref target="RngNbLng-1863.xml">Der Ring des Nibelungen</ref> The Ring Cycle A group of four German operas composed by Richard Wagner that is collectively known as Der Ring des Nibelungen and in English as The Ring Cycle. The individual operas are 1) Das Rheingold (The Rhinegold), 2) Die Walküre / Die Valküre (The Valkyrie), 3) Siegfried and 4) Götterdämmerung (The Twilight of the Gods). Wagner based his work largely on Old Norse sources preserved in Iceland and to a lesser extent on the German heroic poem Nibelunglied. <ref target="VlKyr-RngNbLng-Vol-01.xml">Die Walküre</ref>The ValkyrieThe second of four German operas composed by Richard Wagner that is collectively known as Der Ring des Nibelungen and in English as The Ring Cycle. The individual operas are 1) Das Rheingold (The Rhinegold), 2) Die Walküre / Die Valküre (The Valkyrie), 3) Siegfried and 4) Götterdämmerung (The Twilight of the Gods) Wagner based his work largely on Old Norse sources preserved in Iceland and to a lesser extent on the German heroic poem Nibelunglied. Source Persons Armour, Margaret September 10, 1860 October 13, 1943 Scottish poet, novelist, and translator In 1910, Armour translated the four operas comprising Richard Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen into English. Her translation was published in two volumes. 1) Volume One: Das Rheingold (The Rhinegold), and Die Walküre / Die Valküre (The Valkyrie) was published in 1910, and Volume Two: Siegfried and Götterdämmerung (The Twilight of the Gods) was published in 1911. The volumes were illustrated by Arthur Rackham with a total of sixty-four watercolours, as well as black and white vignettes and tailpieces. Rackham, Arthur 1867 1939 English illustrator London One of the most prominent illustrators during the Golden Age of British Book Illustration (c. 1880 - 1930). His illustrations of Norse mythology frequently appeared in "Little Folks" which were collected and published in the Land of Enchantment. Rackham also created 64 watercolours for the English translation of Richard Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen, The Ring of the Niblung. The Rhinegold and the Valkyrie bound with Siegfried and the Twilight of the Gods. Wagner, Richard 16 September 1800 4 December 1886 German Author, Teacher and Philologist Leipzig, Germany German composer, theatre director, and conductor who wrote both the music and the libretto for Der Ring des Nibelungen opera.