From Joseph Rutter, The Shepherd’s Holiday (1635), ‘To My Dear Son and Right Learned Friend, Master Joseph Rutter’

[From The Shepherd’s Holiday, 1635]

 To My Dear Son and Right Learned Friend, Master Joseph Rutter

You look, my Joseph, I should something say

Unto the world in praise of your first play;

And truly so I would, could I be heard.

You know  I never was of truth afeared,

And less ashamed, not when I told the crowd 5

How well I loved truth. I was scarce allowed

By those  deep-grounded, understanding men

That  sit to censure plays, yet know not when

Or why to like; they found it all was new,

And newer than could please them,  because true. 10

Such men I  met withal, and so have you.

Now, for mine own part, and it is but due

(You have deserved it from me), I have read

 And weighed your play, untwisted every thread,

And know the  woof and warp thereof, can tell 15

Where it runs round and even; where so well,

So soft and smooth it handles, the whole  piece,

As it were spun by nature off the fleece.

This is my  censure. Now there is a new

 Office of wit, a Mint, (and this is true) 20

Cried up of late, whereto there must be first

A master-worker called, th’old  standard burst

Of wit and a new made; a Warden then,

And a  Controller, two most rigid men

For order, and for governing the  pyx, 25

A  Say-Master hath studied all the tricks

Of  fineness and alloy. Follow his hint,

 You’ve all the mysteries of wit’s new Mint,

The valuations, mixtures, and the same

Concluded from a  carat to a  dram. 30

To Master Joseph Rutter First printed in Joseph Rutter, The Shepheards Holy-day: A Pastoral Tragi-Comedy (entered in the Stationers’ Register 19 Jan. 1635 and printed that year), a volume which also included Rutter’s elegy on Lady Venetia Digby. The dedication to Sir Kenelm Digby records that Rutter had lived with his patron for a period after the death of Venetia (on whom see Und. 78 and 84), and this connection no doubt led Jonson to contribute to the volume. Jonson’s poem is followed by a piece by Thomas May (see ‘May’, headnote (6.159–60)), which dwells on such similar themes that it is likely the two writers conferred. Rutter was also to write an elegy on Jonson (Literary Record, Electronic Edition). Townsend (1947b) argues that Jonson genuinely admired Rutter’s contribution to neoclassical pastoral drama. [Editor: Colin Burrow]
4 I . . . afeared The past tense is characteristic of the combative stance of the later Jonson, and may look back to Bart. Fair, Ind., 95–100 and Sej., To the Readers, 12–17.
7 deep-grounded, understanding Sarcastically refers to the ‘groundlings’ who ‘stood under’ the stage, and who believed themselves to have perfect judgement. For the pun cf. Bart. Fair, Ind., 36–7 and 57.
8 sit Playing on the legal sense ‘To occupy a seat in the capacity of a judge or with some administrative function’ (OED, 4a). The joke is that the groundlings could not afford to pay for seats.
10 because] Rutter (by-cause)
11 met The word can mean ‘encountered in battle’ (OED, 6a).
14–18 The metaphors of weaving are apt: Rutter’s play is about shepherds, who produce wool. Cf. ‘Shakes. Beloved’ (5.638–42), line 49.
15 woof and warp The ‘warp’ is the lengthways pieces of thread on the loom which make up the length of the ‘piece’; the ‘woof’ is the transverse pieces of thread interwoven with the ‘warp’ by the shuttle.
17 piece A length in which cloth is woven (OED, 4a). Cf. Epigr. 56.14n.
19 censure judgement.
20–30 This extended conceit plays on the hierarchy of offices in the royal mint. The ‘master-worker’ received silver from the more senior office of ‘Warden’, caused it to be melted, and then received it back again. The ‘Controller’ checked the expenditure of the Mint; the ‘Warden’ was its chief officer. It is not known if Jonson is alluding to a real club of wits, or, if he is, who was in it; certainly 1635 saw dramatic changes in the actual personnel of the Royal Mint as Sir Robert Harley was replaced by Sir Randall Cranfield as Master Worker, who then died (see Challis, 1992, 267–81). Jonson may be making an analogy between these events and a shift in taste in literary London.
22 standard Cf. ‘Expostulation’ (6.379), line 89.
24 Controller] Rutter (Comptroller)
25 pyx ‘At the Royal Mint, London, the box or chest in which specimen gold and silver coins are deposited to be tested at the trial of the pyx, i.e. the final official trial of the purity and weight of the coins, now conducted annually by a jury of the Goldsmiths’ Company, under the direction of the King’s Remembrancer’ (OED, 3).
26 Say-Master Assay-master: ‘officer appointed to assay coin, gold and silver plate, etc.’ (OED; this usage predates the first cited example by twelve years).
27 fineness freedom from alloy (OED, 2a).
28 You’ve] Rutter (Yo’have)
30 carat ‘A proportional measure of one twenty-fourth used in stating the fineness of gold; e.g. if the mass contain 22 parts of pure gold and 2 of alloy, it is said to be 22 carats fine, or gold of 22 carats’ (OED, 3).
30 dram ‘a weight of 60 grains = 1/8 of an ounce’ (OED, n.1 2).