To
Master Joseph Rutter First printed in
Joseph Rutter, The Shepheards
Holy-day: A Pastoral Tragi-Comedy (entered in the
Stationers’ Register 19 Jan. 1635 and printed that year), a volume which
also included Rutter’s elegy on Lady Venetia Digby. The dedication to
Sir Kenelm Digby records that Rutter had lived with his patron for a
period after the death of Venetia (on whom see
Und. 78
and 84), and this connection no doubt led Jonson to contribute to the
volume. Jonson’s poem is followed by a piece by Thomas May (see ‘May’,
headnote (6.159–60)), which dwells on such similar themes that it is
likely the two writers conferred. Rutter was also to write an elegy on
Jonson (Literary Record, Electronic Edition). Townsend (
1947b) argues that
Jonson genuinely admired Rutter’s contribution to neoclassical pastoral
drama. [Editor: Colin Burrow]
4 I . . .
afeared The past tense is characteristic of the combative
stance of the later Jonson, and may look back to Bart.
Fair, Ind., 95–100 and Sej., To the Readers,
12–17.
7 deep-grounded,
understanding Sarcastically refers to the ‘groundlings’ who
‘stood under’ the stage, and who believed themselves to have perfect
judgement. For the pun cf. Bart. Fair, Ind., 36–7 and
57.
8 sit
Playing on the legal sense ‘To occupy a seat in the capacity of a judge
or with some administrative function’ (
OED, 4a). The joke
is that the groundlings could not afford to pay for seats.
10 because]
Rutter (by-cause)
11 met The
word can mean ‘encountered in battle’ (
OED, 6a).
14–18 The metaphors of weaving are apt: Rutter’s play
is about shepherds, who produce wool. Cf. ‘Shakes. Beloved’ (5.638–42),
line 49.
15 woof and
warp The ‘warp’ is the lengthways pieces of thread on the loom
which make up the length of the ‘piece’; the ‘woof’ is the transverse
pieces of thread interwoven with the ‘warp’ by the shuttle.
17 piece A
length in which cloth is woven (
OED, 4a). Cf.
Epigr. 56.14n.
19 censure
judgement.
20–30 This extended conceit plays on the hierarchy of
offices in the royal mint. The ‘master-worker’ received silver from the
more senior office of ‘Warden’, caused it to be melted, and then
received it back again. The ‘Controller’ checked the expenditure of the
Mint; the ‘Warden’ was its chief officer. It is not known if Jonson is
alluding to a real club of wits, or, if he is, who was in it; certainly
1635 saw dramatic changes in the actual personnel of the Royal Mint as
Sir Robert Harley was replaced by Sir Randall Cranfield as Master
Worker, who then died (see Challis,
1992, 267–81). Jonson may be making an
analogy between these events and a shift in taste in literary
London.
22 standard
Cf. ‘Expostulation’ (6.379), line 89.
24 Controller]
Rutter (Comptroller)
25 pyx ‘At
the Royal Mint, London, the box or chest in which specimen gold and
silver coins are deposited to be tested at the trial of the pyx, i.e.
the final official trial of the purity and weight of the coins, now
conducted annually by a jury of the Goldsmiths’ Company, under the
direction of the King’s Remembrancer’ (
OED, 3).
26 Say-Master
Assay-master: ‘officer appointed to assay coin, gold and silver plate,
etc.’ (
OED; this usage predates the first cited example by
twelve years).
27 fineness
freedom from alloy (
OED, 2a).
28 You’ve]
Rutter (Yo’have)
30 carat ‘A
proportional measure of one twenty-fourth used in stating the fineness
of gold; e.g. if the mass contain 22 parts of pure gold and 2 of alloy,
it is said to be 22 carats fine, or gold of 22 carats’ (
OED,
3).
30 dram ‘a
weight of 60 grains = 1/8 of an ounce’ (
OED, n.1 2).