Ode to Himself First printed at the end of
New
Inn (1629) with the heading above. Benson then printed an early
version which had circulated widely in manuscript (see T. Davis, 1972,
and collation). There are three main groups of texts. The poem
frequently circulates in manuscript with Thomas Randolph’s answer and
sometimes with his Latin translation (for which, see Randolph,
Poems (1929), 82–4, and 149–51), as in Rowlands,
A Crew of Kind London Gossips, 100–7, JnB 371, the
closely related JnB 374, and JnB 378, in which Jonson’s poem, Randolph’s
answer, and a Latin translation are all carefully arranged on each
opening. The variants in this version are more likely to derive from
Randolph or his circle than from Jonson.
Felltham, Resolves (1661),
17–18 also composed an ‘Answer’ to the poem, as did ‘I. C.’
(probably James Clayton), Thomas Carew, and R. Goodwin. It inspired
Rochester’s ‘Leave this gawdy, gilded stage’. There were further Latin
translations by John Earles and William Strode (
H&S, 10.333–8). The final
stanzas of Randolph’s response are incorporated into the poem by the
scribe of JnB 379.
Steggle (1998a) argues that the whole poem is informed by
Horace,
Epistles, 2.1. It is the culmination of
Jonson’s idiosyncratic association of the Ode form with criticism of the
mores of his contemporaries, as in ‘Ode (‘If
men’),’ (2.187), and ‘Scorn, or some humbler fate’ (Dubia, Electronic
Edition).
1 Come]
o; Ben Rowlands,
JnB 370,
JnB 371,
JnB 374
3 in faction]
o; together JnB
377,
JnB 378,
JnB 379,
JnB 379.5,
JnB 380.5,
JnB 381
4 chair
judgement seat, throne (
OED, 3a). Cf. Intermean 4, 36,
Staple, and ‘Rutter’ (6.698), lines 19–30.
5 Indicting]
o; Condemning Rowlands,
JnB 370,
JnB 371,
JnB 374
5 arraigning
Cf. the preface (To the Great Variety of Readers) to Shakespeare’s first
folio (1623), possibly written with Jonson’s endorsement, which refers
to spectators who ‘sit on the stage at Blackfriars or the Cockpit to
arraign plays daily’. See Dubia (Electronic Edition).
7 fastidious
(1) tiresome; (2) finicky.
9 sweat]
o; fret Rowlands,
JnB 370,
JnB 371,
JnB 374
10 made]
o; borne JnB
379,
JnB 381
11 Say that thou]
o; Say that BensonQ,
Benson12mo.; Suppose you Rowlands,
JnB 370,
JnB 371,
JnB 374; Say that yu
JnB 376
12 will]
o; would BensonQ,
Benson12mo.,
Rowlands,
JnB 368,
JnB 369,
JnB 370,
JnB 371,
JnB 372,
JnB 374,
JnB 376,
JnB 377,
JnB 378,
JnB 379,
JnB 379.5,
JnB 380,
JnB 380.5
12 acorns
food for swine. Cf. Ralph Brideoak’s elegy on Jonson, 47–50: ‘Though the
fine plush and velvets of the age / Did oft for sixpence damn thee from
the stage, / And with their mast and acorn stomachs ran / To the nasty
sweepings of thy servingman . . .’ (Electronic Edition, Literary
Record).
13 still]
o; thus Rowlands,
JnB 370,
JnB 371,
JnB 374
14 such as]
o; them that JnB 379,
JnB 381
17 grains]
o; husks Rowlands,
JnB 370,
JnB 371,
JnB 374
17 grains
refuse malt left over from brewing, used in pig-swill (
OED,
n.1 4b).
18 Husks]
o; Grains Rowlands,
JnB 370,
JnB 371,
JnB 374
18 draff
dregs, hogs’ wash.
19 lees
sediment, dregs.
19 leave]
o; leaues JnB
368; loath Rowlands,
JnB 370,
JnB 371,
JnB 374,
JnB 376,
JnB 377,
JnB 378,
JnB 379,
JnB 379.5,
JnB 380,
JnB 380.5
21 some]
o; a BensonQ,
Benson12mo.,
Rowlands,
JnB 368,
JnB 370,
JnB 371,
JnB 372,
JnB 374,
JnB 376,
JnB 377,
JnB 378,
JnB 379,
JnB 379.5,
JnB 380,
JnB 381
22 Pericles Shakespeare’s play was printed in 1609 and was
reprinted four times by 1631. It is ‘mouldy’ because old-fashioned, but
also because Gower’s prologues are consciously archaic.
22 and]
o; or JnB
379,
JnB 381
23 shrieve’s
crusts left-overs from the Sheriff’s feast.
23 crusts]
o; crust JnB
369,
JnB 374
23 nasty]
o; Mustye JnB
368,
JnB 379.5
23 fish-]
o; fish, BensonQ,
Benson12mo.,
Rowlands,
JnB 368,
JnB 371,
JnB 372,
JnB 377,
JnB 379.5
24 Scraps]
o; scrapd JnB
379,
JnB 381
24 out of]
BensonQ,
Benson12mo.,
JnB 368,
JnB 369,
JnB 376,
JnB 377,
JnB 378,
JnB 379; out o; raft from JnB 374; rak’t from Rowlands,
JnB 370,
JnB 371,
JnB 373
25 Thrown . . . into the]
o; And thrown together in
the Rowlands,
JnB 370 (with ‘a’ for ‘the’),
JnB 374; Thrown forth and cast into the JnB 376
25 tub Scraps
were regularly collected for the poor at great houses. The household
orders of Penshurst provide that ‘the Usher shall be careful that all
the broken meat be putt into the poor’s tub’ (HMC 77 (Lisle), 6.1).
26 May]
o; Will Rowlands,
JnB 371,
JnB 373,
JnB 374
26 play-club
For Jonson’s selective hostility to clubs, see ‘Drayton’ (6.161–4),
line.
27 There]
o; Broomes BensonQ,
Benson12mo.,
Rowlands,
JnB 368,
JnB 370,
JnB 371,
JnB 372,
JnB 374,
JnB 380; Broome & his JnB 376,
JnB 377,
JnB 378,
JnB 379,
JnB 379.5,
JnB 381
27 There
sweepings ‘Broom’s sweepings’ in the early version marks a
jibe at Jonson’s servant Richard Brome, whose The Love-sick
Maid had also been performed at the Blackfriars shortly after
it was licensed on 9 Feb. 1629. Brome’s play had been a great success at
the very theatre in which Jonson’s play had failed. ‘Sweepings’ puns on
Brome’s name, and suggests that he was recycling scraps from Jonson’s
study floor. Jonson later toned down the attack. See ‘Brome’, headnote
(6.389).
27 sweepings]
o; sweepinge JnB 368,
JnB 370,
JnB 373
28 As . . . ordered]
o; There, as his Masters BensonQ,
Benson12mo.,
Rowlands,
JnB 368,
JnB 370,
JnB 371,
JnB 372,
JnB 374,
JnB 376,
JnB 377,
JnB 378,
JnB 379,
JnB 379.5,
JnB 380,
JnB 381
29 who . . . will]
o; who ye rilsh of those gustes would JnB 369; he
That meanes their pallates for to Rowlands,
JnB 370,
JnB 371,
JnB 374; For who the rellish of these guest would JnB 377,
JnB 379 subst.; who the Relish of those Ghests cann
JnB 378,
JnB 379.5; who the relish of thos guests can JnB 376,
JnB 380 subst.
30 alms-basket of
wit Cf.
LLL, 5.1.39–40: ‘the
alms-basket of words’.
32 Brave]
o; You JnB
370; Ye Rowlands,
JnB 371 subst.,
JnB 374 subst.
32 Brave For
the ironical inflection, see Epigr. 116.10.
32 plush-and-velvet i.e. so richly clad that they are no more
than their clothes: cf. Und. 15.58.
32 men]
Donaldson,
OSA; men;
o
33 orts
discarded scraps.
33 your]
o; their JnB
369,
JnB 377; ye
JnB 370
33 stage]
o; braue JnB
368; Scoene BensonQ,
Benson12mo.,
Rowlands subst.,
JnB 370,
JnB 371,
JnB 374,
JnB 376,
JnB 378,
JnB 379 subst.,
JnB 379.5; new JnB 373, seene JnB 377
33 stage
clothes Well-dressed gallants could pay extra for seats on the
stage; cf. Und. 15.108–10.
34 quit
absolve.
35 stagers
actors.
35 stagers . . . peers]
o; stagers, and the
stage-wrights, to your peyres) JnB 368,
JnB 369 subst.,
JnB 373 subst; Stage, and Stage-rights too; your
guilty Peers Rowlands,
JnB 370 subst.,
JnB 371 subst.,
JnB 374 subst.; Stagers, & Stage-writers to your
Peeres JnB 372; stagers . . . theyr peers JnB 377
35 stage-wrights ‘probably a coinage referring to the new noble
breed of Caroline amateur authors’ (
Hattaway, New Inn).
Cf. ‘playwright’ at
Epigr. 49 headnote.
36 larding
stuffing; possibly ‘fattening’ (OED, †2); i.e. the
plush and velvet men ‘quit’ or fail to condemn playwrights for stuffing
them with rubbish.
36 larding]
o; stuffing BensonQ,
Benson12mo.,
Rowlands,
JnB 368,
JnB 370,
JnB 371,
JnB 372,
JnB 374,
JnB 376,
JnB 377,
JnB 378,
JnB 379,
JnB 379.5,
JnB 380,
JnB 381
37 their . . . socks]
o; rage of Commicke socks
BensonQ,
Benson12mo.; raggs of Comick socks Rowlands,
JnB 370 subst.,
JnB 371 subst.,
JnB 372 subst.,
JnB 374 subst.,
JnB 376 subst.,
JnB 377 subst.,
JnB 378 subst.,
JnB 379 subst.,
JnB 379.5 subst.,
JnB 380 subst.,
JnB 381 subst.
37 foul comic
socks Their socci, the flat slippers worn by
comic actors in the ancient world, are grubby because they have been
worn before, and so are derivative.
38 blocks The
primary image is that the socks are made, like hats, by being shaped on
a ‘block’; blocks are also types of stupidity.
39 they . . . turned]
o; they’re torne, &
foule BensonQ,
Benson12mo.,
JnB 377,
JnB 378,
JnB 379.5,
JnB 380 subst.; thay are torne and foule JnB 368,
JnB 372 subst.,
JnB 373 subst.; it be but foule Rowlands,
JnB 370 subst.,
JnB 371 subst.,
JnB 374 subst.; they returne, and fowl JnB 376; they are but torne, & foule JnB
379,
JnB 381
39 i.e. The ‘socks’ are patched together from old
materials stolen from here and there.
40 guilt . . .
stuff Puns on ‘gilt’; a gilder uses ‘stuff’ to prime wood
before gilding (
OED, 6d); but there is also a pun on
‘stuffing’ (cf. ‘larding’, line
36).
42 Alcaic
Alcaeus of Lesbos was a lyric poet imitated by Horace.
43 Horace
Here the poet of the Odes; the sense is ‘Horace’s’.
43 Anacreon’s
Anacreon was a Greek lyric poet of the sixth century bc.
44 Pindar’s
Famed for odes; see Und. 70.
45 nerves
sinews. On Jonson’s stroke in 1628, see Und. 62
headnote.
45 nerves be shrunk]
o; veins be shrunk Rowlands,
JnB 370,
JnB 371 veines be spent JnB 374
45 be]
o; soe JnB
369; grown Rowlands,
JnB 370,
JnB 371,
JnB 374; grow JnB 372
47 that]
o; a Rowlands,
JnB 370,
JnB 371,
JnB 374
49 As]
o; That Rowlands,
JnB 370,
JnB 371,
JnB 374
49 curious
fussy.
49 strain]
o; veine JnB
376,
JnB 379.5; trayne JnB 377,
JnB 378; straynes JnB 380
49 strain
melody.
50 palsy’s
paralysis. (Jonson’s strokes would probably have been termed
‘palsy’.)
51 But, when]
o; And when Rowlands,
JnB 370,
JnB 371,
JnB 374; And though JnB 379
52 thy]
o; the Rowlands,
JnB 369 subst.,
JnB 370,
JnB 371,
JnB 374,
JnB 379
53 o’er]
o; of BensonQ,
Benson12mo.,
JnB 368,
JnB 372,
JnB 376,
JnB 377,
JnB 378,
JnB 379; to JnB 379.5
54 blood-shaken]
o; be blood-shaken BensonQ,
Benson12mo.
55 Cf. Horace, Epistles,
2.1.251–6.
55 such a]
o; euen a JnB
369; a chill JnB 376; a still JnB 379.5
56 As . . . cry]
o; That no tun’d Harpe BensonQ,
Benson12mo.; As noe tund harp JnB
368,
JnB 372,
JnB 373,
JnB 377,
JnB 378,
JnB 380; That no tun’d Muse Rowlands,
JnB 370,
JnB 371,
JnB 374; cause noe Lute tun’d JnB
376; Cause no tun’d harpe JnB 379,
JnB 379.5,
JnB 381
57 In sound]
o; To sing Rowlands,
JnB 370,
JnB 371,
JnB 374
57–60 ‘Like . . . wain’]
this edn; like . . . Waine
o
58 No . . . hit]
o; Shall truely hit BensonQ,
Benson12mo.,
Rowlands subst.,
JnB 368,
JnB 370,
JnB 371,
JnB 372,
JnB 374,
JnB 377,
JnB 378,
JnB 379,
JnB 380,
JnB 381; Noe harpe are yet JnB 369;
Can truly hit JnB 376,
JnB 379.5
58 hit the
stars Cf. Horace, Odes, 1.1.36: sublimi feriam sidera vertice, ‘I shall hit the stars with my
exalted head.’ Cf. Sej., 5.8–9.
59 In . . . sweet]
o; When they shall read the
Acts of Charles his BensonQ,
Benson12mo.,
Rowlands,
JnB 368,
JnB 370
(reading ‘act’ for ‘acts’), JnB 371
(reading ‘Charles’s’ for ‘Charles his’), JnB 372,
JnB 374,
JnB 377,
JnB 378,
JnB 379,
JnB 379.5,
JnB 380,
JnB 381; & tuneing forth ye
acts of his great JnB 369; When they shall see the
acts of Charles his JnB 376
60 And . . . ’bove]
o; And see his Chariot
triumph ’boue BensonQ,
Benson12mo.,
JnB 368,
JnB 372; And see his Chariot triumph o’re Rowlands,
JnB 370,
JnB 371,
JnB 374,
JnB 376,
JnB 377,
JnB 378,
JnB 379,
JnB 379.5,
JnB 380,
JnB 381
60 wain
chariot; a reference to the ‘wain of Charles the Great’ made up by the
seven bright stars in Ursa Major. The name probably derives from the
association of ‘Arcturus’ with ‘Arthur’ and hence with English monarchs:
see
R. H. Allen (1963),
426–9.