A Speech out of Lucan (‘Just and fit actions, Ptolemy, he saith’)

A Speech out of Lucan

   Just and fit actions, Ptolemy, he saith,

Make many hurt  themselves; a praisèd faith

Is her own scourge when it sustains their states

 Whom fortune hath depressed.  Come near the fates

And the immortal gods: love only those 5

Whom thou seest happy; wretches  shun  as foes.

 Look how the stars from earth, or seas from flames

Are distant; so is profit from just aims.

  The main command of sceptres soon doth perish

If it begin religious thoughts to cherish. 10

Whole  armies fall, swayed by those  nice respects.

It is a licence  to do ill  protects

 Even states most hated, when no laws resist

The sword, but that it acteth  what it list.

 Yet ’ware: thou mayst do all things cruelly, 15

Not  safe,  but when thou dost them thoroughly.

He that  will honest be may quit the court,

Virtue and sovereignty,  they not consort.

 That prince that shames  a tyrant’s name to bear

Shall never dare do anything but fear. 20

[The Latin Text

ius, et fas multos faciunt, Ptolemaee, nocentes.

dat poenas laudata fides, cum sustinet’, inquit,

‘quos Fortuna premit. Fatis accede deisque,

et cole felices, miseros fuge. sidera terra

ut distant, et flamma mari, sic utile recto. 5

sceptrorum vis tota perit, si pendere iusta

incipit, evertitque arces respectus honesti.

libertas scelerum est quae regna invisa tuetur

sublatusque modus gladiis. facere omnia saeve

non inpune licet, nisi dum facis. exeat aula 10

qui volet esse pius. virtus et summa potestas

non coeunt; semper metuet quem saeva pudebunt.]

A Speech out of Lucan First printed from manuscript in W. D. Briggs (1915b), 247–8, who puts forward very strong arguments for Jonson’s authorship, despite the lack of ascription in manuscript sources. Several lines appear in a revised form in Sej., and the poem is found in Bodleian MS Rawl.Poet.31 (JnB 469) and British Library Harley MS 4064 (JnB 470), both of which contain significant numbers of early versions of poems known to be by Jonson. Its presence in those MSS is compatible with H&S’s suggestion that the translation was made with an eye to using it in Sej. (printed 1605; performed ?1603), since both contain material dating from before 1614. In Lucan’s Pharsalia, 8.484–94 (on which, see ‘May’ headnote) the eunuch Photinus urges Ptolemy to murder Pompey. The Latin text printed here is a modernized version of the text from which Jonson is most likely to have worked. Variants in lines 10 and 11 (cum for dum and vult for the subjunctive volet, where Jonson appears to translate the former in both cases) probably indicate that he worked from a text deriving from Bersman’s edition (the edition used here is Leipzig, 1589) rather than from Grotius’s edition of 1614, of which he possessed a copy, or Farnaby’s of 1618, of which he also possessed a copy (Jonson’s Library, Electronic Edition). This further suggests that the translation was completed before 1614; a date c. 1602–4, when Jonson was working on his similarly literal translation of Horace’s Ars Poetica is highly probable. The divergences between the poem and the version in Sej. all suggest that the latter is a later and tighter version.
1–2 Just . . . themselves Righteous actions often bring harm to those who do them. The poem argues against virtue in favour of pragmatism.
2 themselves] JnB 470; himselfe JnB 469
4 Whom] JnB 470; whom, yf JnB 469
4 Come near Approximate the state of [by loving only those in favour].
6 shun] JnB 469; shee JnB 470 (mistranscribed as ‘flee’ by H&S)
6 as foes An interpolation.
7 Look how Just as (translating the Latin ut).
9–16 This passage is extremely close to Sej., 2.180–7.
9 The main The forceful; the phrasing in Sej., 2.180, ‘All the command’, is closer to the Latin.
11 armies Neither this nor ‘empires’ in Sej., 2.182 quite catches arces (citadels).
11 nice scrupulous.
12 to do ill ‘of dark deeds’ in Sej., 2.183 is closer to scelerum.
12 protects that protects.
13 Even Monosyllabic.
14 what it list what the sword wants to do.
15 Yet ’ware An interpolation which marks the shift in argument. In Sej. the corresponding moment is marked by a shift of speaker from Sejanus to Tiberius.
16 safe safely. Sej., 2.187 reproduces the adverb in the Latin more closely.
16 but except.
17 will The Latin Jonson probably read was indicative rather than future.
18 they not consort do not go together.
19–20 Very close to Sej., 2.178–9.
19 a tyrant’s . . . bear An expansion of quem saeva pudebunt, ‘who will be afraid of savage acts’.