Margaret Cavendish on Jonson's plays - 1662

Literary Record 87

[From Margaret Cavendish Playes]

In her Life of her husband, published in 1667, she refers to the success of the entertainments for King Charles and Queen Henrietta Maria which Newcastle had arranged in 1633 and 1634, and for which he commissioned from Jonson The King's Entertainment at Welbeck and Love's Welcome at Bolsover (see Masque Archive, Welbeck 4, and Bolsover 2). In a letter the Duchess says that 'in truth I never heard any man Read Well but my Husband, and have heard him say, he never heard any man Read Well but B.J. and yet he hath heard many in his Time' (CCXI Sociable Letters , pp. 362-3).

The folio volume of Playes includes some twenty-one plays and no fewer than ten addresses to readers, as well as a dedication, an 'Epistle Dedicatory', a prologue and an 'Introduction' in the form of a dialogue. In the second address 'To the Readers' the Duchess admits her plays are 'somewhat long . . . yet, I believe none of my Playes are so long as Ben. Johnson's Fox , or Alchymist, which in truth, are somewhat too long . . . ' (sig. A3v).

Cavendish (1661-1717) wrote plays, poetry and prose romances, as well as scientific and philosophical works.

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From the second address "To the Readers"

[She first defends her practice of not bringing all her characters on stage together at the end of the play.]

Likewise my Playes may be Condemned, because they follow not the Ancient Custome, as the learned sayes, which is, that all Comedies should be so ordered and composed, as nothing should be presented therein, but what may be naturally, or usually practiced or Acted in the World in the compass of one day; truly in my opinion those Comedies would be very flat and dull, and neither profitable nor pleasant, that should only present the actions of one day; for though Ben. Johnson as I have heard was of that opinion, that a comedy cannot be good, nor is a natural or true Comedy, if it should present more than one dayes action, yet his Comedies that he hath published, could never be the actions of one day; for could any rational person think that the whole Play of the Fox could be the action of one day or can any rational person think that the Alchymist could be the action of one day? as that so many several Cozenings could be Acted in one day, by Captain Face and Doll Common; and could the Alchymist make any believe they could make gold in one day? could they burn so many Coals, and draw the purses of so many, or so often from one person, in one day? and the like is in all his Playes, not any of them presents the actions of one day, although it were a day at the Poles, but of many dayes, nay I may say some years.

(sig. A4)

A General Prologue to all my Playes
NOBLE Spectators, do not think to see
Such Playes, that's like Ben. Johnsons Alchymie,
Nor Fox, nor Silent Woman: for those Playes
Did Crown the Author with exceeding praise,
They were his Master-pieces, and were wrought
By Wits Invention, and his labouring thought,
And his Experience brought Materials store,
His reading several Authors brought much more:
What length of time he took those Plays to write,
I cannot guess, not knowing his Wits flight;
But 1 have heard, Ben Johnsons Playes came forth,
To the Worlds view, as things of a great worth;
Like Forein Emperors, which do appear
Unto their Subjects, not 'bove once a year;
So did Ben. Johnsons Playes so rarely pass,
As one might think they long a writing was.
But my poor Playes, like a common rout,
Gathers in throngs, and heedlessly runs out....
As for Ben Johnsons brain, it was so strong,
He could conceive, or judge, what's right, what's wrong:
His language plain, significant and free,
And in the English Tongue, the Masterie:
Yet Gentle Shakespear had a fluent Wit,
Although less Learning, yet full well he writ;
For all his Playes were writ by Natures light,
Which gives his Readers, and Spectators sight.
But Noble Readers, do not think my Playes,
Are such as have been writ in former daies;
As Johnson, Shakespear, Beaumont, Fletcher writ;
Mine want their Learning, Reading, Language, Wit:
The Latin phrases I could never tell,
But Johnson could, which made him write so well .... (lines 1-18, 43-56; sig. A7)