Holly's query was not giving me the results I expected.
Her code:
SELECT trials.trial_id FROM trials
JOIN crimes ON (crimes.trial_id_fk = trials.trial_id)
JOIN crime_normalizeds ON (crimes.crime_normalized_id_fk = crime_normalizeds.crime_normalized_id)
JOIN criminals ON (criminals.criminal_id = trials.criminal_id_fk)
JOIN aliases ON (aliases.criminal_id_fk = criminals.criminal_id)
JOIN judges ON (judges.judge_id = trials.judge_id_fk)
JOIN juries ON (juries.jury_id = trials.jury_id_fk)
JOIN mercy_appeals ON (mercy_appeals.trial_id_fk = trials.trial_id)
JOIN mercy_appeal_whos ON (mercy_appeals.mercy_appeal_who_id_fk = mercy_appeal_whos.mercy_appeal_who_id)
JOIN respites ON (respites.trial_id_fk = trials.trial_id)
JOIN respite_normalizeds ON (respite_normalizeds. respite_normalized_id = respites.respite_normalized_id_fk)
JOIN outcomes ON (outcomes.trial_id_fk = trials.trial_id)
JOIN outcome_normalizeds ON (outcome_normalizeds. outcome_normalized_id = outcomes. outcome_normalized_id_fk)

The problem is that using "JOIN" means that if there is no value in the e.g. aliases table for a criminal, then no row is produced. This code solved that problem:

SELECT trials.trial_id FROM trials
LEFT JOIN crimes ON (crimes.trial_id_fk = trials.trial_id)
LEFT JOIN crime_normalizeds ON (crimes.crime_normalized_id_fk = crime_normalizeds.crime_normalized_id)
LEFT JOIN criminals ON (criminals.criminal_id = trials.criminal_id_fk)
LEFT JOIN aliases ON (aliases.criminal_id_fk = criminals.criminal_id)
LEFT JOIN judges ON (judges.judge_id = trials.judge_id_fk)
LEFT JOIN juries ON (juries.jury_id = trials.jury_id_fk)
LEFT JOIN mercy_appeals ON (mercy_appeals.trial_id_fk = trials.trial_id)
LEFT JOIN mercy_appeal_whos ON (mercy_appeals.mercy_appeal_who_id_fk = mercy_appeal_whos.mercy_appeal_who_id)
LEFT JOIN respites ON (respites.trial_id_fk = trials.trial_id)
LEFT JOIN respite_normalizeds ON (respite_normalizeds. respite_normalized_id = respites.respite_normalized_id_fk)
LEFT JOIN outcomes ON (outcomes.trial_id_fk = trials.trial_id)
LEFT JOIN outcome_normalizeds ON (outcome_normalizeds. outcome_normalized_id = outcomes. outcome_normalized_id_fk)